Inyubako z'ubucuruzi zikunze kuba amoko abiri: uruziga rw'impande n'urushimishije. Iyo inyubako z'urukiramende zitubakiwe ndende kandi zitanga ibitekerezo bitangaje, nta kindi zitanga uretse imikorere ifatika ndetse n'imikorere myiza idasanzwe.
Ariko, abubatsi benshi barwanya inyigisho za kera bazana ibitekerezo by’ubwubatsi bishishikaje kandi rimwe na rimwe bitangaje. Ntabwo ari ugukabya kuvuga ko rimwe na rimwe icyerekezo cy’inyubako kiba gitangaje nk’icyerekezo cy’inyubako.
Ingoro Ndangamurage ya Solomon R. Guggenheim (New York) yashushanyijwe na Frank Lloyd Wright ishingiye ku bintu byinshi by’uruziga, hamwe n’inyubako y’icyicaro gikuru cya Zurich Insurance Group North America (Schaumburg, Illinois) yashushanyijwe na Goettsch Partners. Ibintu muri rusange ni urukiramende. byakusanyijwe hamwe mu buryo butazibagirana. Abubatsi nka Frank Gehry bakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo birinde ibitekerezo gakondo no gukora amashusho adafite imiterere isobanutse cyangwa isobanutse, nka Walt Disney Concert Hall (Los Angeles) cyangwa Guggenheim Museum Bilbao (Bilbao, Esipanye).
Bigenda bite iyo abashushanya bagerageje imiterere y'ibice n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri izi nyubako, bagahindura imiterere isanzwe ikaba iy'isanzwe? Ibikoresho byo gufata imigozi, imiyoboro y'amazi, n'ibifunga by'inzugi ni ibintu bya buri munsi byongera uburyo tubona inyubako cyangwa imiterere yayo ku rugero runaka, nubwo tutabizi. Ibyo ni byo byifuzo bya sosiyete yo mu Bwongereza yitwa Timeless Tube yo muri Poole, mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1980 yahinduye isi y'imiyoboro ku rugero ruto ikora umuyoboro wa mbere w'icyuma kitagira umugozi ku isi. Kuva icyo gihe, Timeless yakomeje gukora ibikoresho bishya by'imiyoboro bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, ihora iyobowe n'intego yayo: "Igishushanyo cyiza cy'imiyoboro y'ibyuma".
Icyerekezo cy'ikigo ni uguhindura isi ahantu heza. Kuri ibi, imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoze mu byuma irakoreshwa, igahindura inyubako zisanzwe zikora ibintu bitangaje.
Tom McMillan, umuyobozi mukuru akaba n'umuhanga mu by'inganda, yagize ati: “Twakuye ibitekerezo ku mushushanyi ukomeye w'inganda w'Umunyamerika Charles Eames, wagize ati: “Ibisobanuro birambuye si ibintu birambuye. Ni igishushanyo mbonera.”
Yakomeje agira ati: “Uyu mwuka ugaragara mu mirimo yacu yose.” “Turashaka gutanga umusanzu mu gushushanya neza imiyoboro yacu, byaba ubwubatsi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gikozwe mu ikoranabuhanga.”
Timeless Tube ifite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga itatu mu guteza imbere imiterere y'imigozi yihariye. Igicuruzwa cye cya mbere, imiyoboro y'urudodo n'ibikoresho byihariye byo gukurura byakoreshejwe nk'imigozi yo gufata ubwato. Yakozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya 316L cyasennye kugira ngo kihangane n'imimerere mibi yo mu mazi, iki gikoresho gishya cyahise cyemerwa n'abubatsi bo mu mazi hirya no hino ku isi. Imiterere y'urudodo nziza ntabwo ari nziza gusa kuruta umuyoboro w'uruziga, ahubwo inafite inyungu mu mutekano kuko idakunda kunyerera iyo ifashwe n'abakozi n'abagenzi.
McMillan yagize ati: “Amato meza cyane ni ukwita ku tuntu duto.” “Indangagaciro z’igishushanyo mbonera zibanda ku bwiza buhebuje no koroshya ikoreshwa. Imiyoboro yacu ikoreshwa n’abubatsi b’amato bazwi cyane ku isi. Abubatsi b’amato ni abatoranya cyane cyane - ntibabangamira utuntu duto. Imiyoboro yacu y’indobanure irakomeye, kandi ku bw’impamvu ifatika.”
Ariko, Timeless irashaka gukora imiterere mishya mu gihe irusha imiyoboro ndende kandi igatanga inyungu zigaragara ku mukoresha wa nyuma. Isosiyete iherutse gukora ubwoko bushya bw'imiyoboro yo mu bwato bw'akataraboneka: imiyoboro kare. Iyi miterere ikomeye kandi inoze ni ikomeye ariko ifite uduce duto ku buryo idasohoka cyane. Ukuboko gukwiranye n'iyo miterere neza kandi neza, impande ziragoramye gato.
Umuyoboro ntugomba kuba muremure cyane kugira ngo ugaragaze icyo utekereza. Iyi nzira ngufi yo ku ruhande rw'ubwato buto isa neza cyane.
Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi ba kera bakoze imiyoboro itandatu yihariye, harimo imiyoboro ibiri igoramye. Ibicuruzwa byinshi by’iyi sosiyete bikozwe mu byuma bita 304L na 316L bita icyuma gifunganye, ariko abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bakoresha aluminiyumu, titaniyumu n’umuringa. Ifuru yonyine badakoresha ni icyuma cyoroshye kuko kidakira ingese bityo kikanduza icyuma kita icyuma gifunganye.
McMillan yagize ati: “Ikindi kandi, porogaramu nyinshi dutanga ni izigezweho, zaba izijyanye n’imitako, izijyanye n’imiterere y’icyuma, cyangwa izijyanye n’imashini.” “Ibyuma byoroheje bishobora kuba bihendutse, ariko bifite aho bigarukira ku porogaramu turimo gukoraho.”
Ariko, ibi ntibivuze ko Timeless igabanya akazi kayo kuri izi nzego esheshatu z'ibanze. Umushinga uherutse gukorwa muri arena wahaye injeniyeri z'iyi sosiyete amahirwe yo kwerekana ubuhanga bwabo n'udushya.
Mu 2019, Timeless yashyizeho imigozi yo ku muhanda hejuru ya sitade y'ikipe izwi cyane ya shampiyona y'Ubwongereza. Iyi nzira itanga ishusho ya metero 130 y'Amajyaruguru ya London kandi abaturage bashobora kugenda ku mbuga zifunguye bakoresheje imigozi y'umutekano no gutanga umutekano wiyongereyeho n'inkingi zikomeye.
Ariko kubona iyi mwambaro w'icyuma kidashonga byaragoranye ku bubatsi bitewe n'imiterere yayo idasanzwe: yagombaga kuba nini bihagije kugira ngo igere ku gice cy'agasanduku k'icyuma gifata impande z'urushundura rw'icyuma kidashonga ku nzira y'ibirahuri. Bakeneye umuyoboro wihariye ugaragara neza, ufite imiterere aho kuba inguni, kandi ufite umwanya wa laser mu gice cyo hasi.
Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi baje kuvumbura Timeless Tube, yatanze igisubizo cy'umuyoboro ugororotse, ufite imirongo isukuye kandi izengurutse. Iyi ni imiterere y'umuyoboro ikorwa n'abahanga bake, ariko ifite ibyiza bimwe na bimwe ugereranyije n'imiyoboro izengurutse. McMillan yagize ati: “Iyi ni yo shusho yacu ikomeye cyane kurusha izindi zose.” Yagize ati: “Ni ingirakamaro cyane iyo hakenewe kongera gukorwa kuko byoroshye kuyivanga n'ibindi bice nk'imigozi n'ibirahure cyangwa ibice by'imodoka bitewe n'impande zayo zigororotse.”
Kugira ngo bakoreshwe ibice by'icyuma, abubatsi basabye ko uyu muyoboro uba munini cyane kuruta uwo uhari ubu. Timeless ni ikigo gito kandi gihindura imiterere y'aho gikorera, kidakenera guhangana n'umutwaro w'ibikorwa binini n'umusaruro mwinshi, bityo gishobora gushora igihe n'imbaraga mu gukora ibishushanyo mbonera no gukora ingano zihariye ku bakiriya bacyo.
Mu gihe cyo gukora ibipimo bishya, Timeless ishobora kutagera ku bipimo nyabyo abakiriya basabye kuko ibi bipimo bishobora kudatuma imiyoboro ifite imiterere myiza, cyangwa se umuyoboro ushobora kudahura n'imiterere wifuza. Nyuma yo guhindura isano iri hagati yo kuzunguruka no kugorora, Timeless yakoze umuyoboro ufite santimetero 195 kuri 85 (santimetero 195 kuri 85) ufite ubugari bw'urukuta bwa santimetero 3.8. Ingano ndende ni 0.40" (10mm) gusa ugereranyije n'iyavuzwe mbere.
Macmillan agira ati: “Dukora imiyoboro yacu dukoresheje uburyo bukonje bwo gushushanya imiyoboro izengurutse ifite uburebure busanzwe ku migozi. Uburyo bwo gukora umuyoboro ni ubwoko bw'ubuhanzi. Ntitwigera twisanga gusa “dusya” umuyoboro. Iyo tumaze gufata ingano tuzi ko ikora, duhindura imiterere yose kugira ngo tubashe kuyisubiramo inshuro nyinshi. Ariko hamwe n'ingano nshya… ntabwo tuzi uko bizatugiraho ingaruka. Ibyuma bitandukanye bitanga ibisubizo bitandukanye. Bisaba igerageza.”
Umuyoboro udasaza ntugomba guhindurwa kenshi kugira ngo ukoreshwe nk'inkingo yo gushushanya ku nyubako, kuko uba umaze kuba mwiza mu nyubako.
Urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa bya Timeless Tube rurimo imiterere itandatu: uruziga rurerure, uruziga rurerure, uruziga rurerure, uruziga rurerure, uruziga rurerure, na santimetero 2) n'ibindi byinshi.
Macmillan agira ati: “Mu Bwongereza, dufite ibisabwa bikomeye cyane ku miterere y’inkingi n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa, ibyo tukaba tubyubahiriza byuzuye. Twanakoze ibizamini bikomeye byo kuyobya, bigaragaza ko uyu muyoboro ugororotse ufite imbaraga zingana na 54% kurusha umuyoboro usanzwe uzengurutse. Ariko mu by’ukuri, izi nkuta si imiyoboro yo gufatana gusa, ahubwo ni “imiyoboro y’umubiri” yoroshye kuruhukaho,”
Ibihangano bya Timeless byagaragaye mu nyubako nyinshi n'inyubako zizwi cyane, harimo n'inkuta z'ikiraro cy'abanyamaguru cya Foster + Partners (kizwi kandi ku izina rya Millennium Bridge) ndetse na sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi y'igihe kizaza iri imbere muri Canary Wharf yo mu mujyi wa Londres. Ron Arad yerekanye imiyoboro y'amazi ya Timeless iri mu cyumba cy'inzu ndangamurage ya Opera ya Tel Aviv, ikunze kuvugwa mu bitabo by'ubwubatsi.
Yagize ati: “Ntabwo byumvikana gushushanya inyubako nziza nk’izi hanyuma ukazirangiza ukoresheje imiyoboro isanzwe izengurutse. Ndatekereza ko abubatsi beza babyumva, niyo mpamvu dufite abakiriya mpuzamahanga.”
Muri Mata 2020, Gigi Albers, nyiri Synergigi, umuhanga mu by'imbere ukorera i Montana, yaguze umuyoboro wa metero 5.8 (futi 20) w'umuyoboro wa oval wa litiro 316 n'ibikoresho 8 byo gushyiramo ikawa muri Timeless kugira ngo abikoreshe nk'amaguru yo ku meza ya kawa yihariye.
Mu buryo Elbers asobanura ko ari "uruvange rw'ibikomoka ku bimera n'ibimera," uru rutonde rurimo utubati tubiri twiza cyane tudahuje - kamwe kari mu bwoko bwa walnut y'umukara n'akandi kari mu giti cy'umweru - gashyizwe mu ishusho ya U ihoraho ku biti bifatanye. Elbers agomba kugenzura neza ko tapi nto z'abakiriya be zidatwikiriwe n'amaguru manini y'ameza. Yakeneye imiyoboro myiza kandi idateye ubwoba kugira ngo itapi igaragare neza uko bishoboka kose. Yatumije ingero muri Timeless kugira ngo arebe neza ko afite ingano ikwiye y'umuyoboro.
Umuhanga mu byuma by'ubwubatsi Daniel Boteler akoresha imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro mu mfuruka, avuga ko "byoroshye kuruta gukora dogere 45 ku rukero" kandi bigatuma irangira neza. Isosi iraryoshye kuko ari isosi igororotse aho kuba isosi y'imigozi. Afite uburambe bw'imyaka 20 mu gukora ibyuma, Boteler avuga ko yifuza kongera gukoresha imiyoboro y'ibyuma ibumba.
Amaguru y'imirongo y'ameza akozwe mu mucanga kugira ngo agire ishusho y'umwimerere. Albers akoresha irangi n'ibishashara by'inzuki kugira ngo akore irangi ry'icyuma "ridapfa amasasu" yivanga. Ubwo yabazwaga impamvu yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ashake imiterere ikwiye y'umuyoboro, Ebers yasobanuye ati: “Byose ni ibintu bitoroshye. Abantu benshi bazabona ko babikunda, ariko ntibabizi neza. Impamvu, keretse niba ari ibintu bisobanutse neza.” “Ni bishya ku maso - umuntu utazi ubwenge ashobora kuba azi ko ari bishya. Bazi ko bitameze nk'ameza yo gukiniramo muri pariki,” nk'uko yabitangaje.
Kuva i Tokyo kugera i Topeka, Timeless itanga imiyoboro ku isi buri gihe, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ikaba ari yo soko ryayo mpuzamahanga rinini. Macmillan yageze ku mwanzuro w'uko abakiriya badashobora kubona imiterere, ingano, cyangwa ubwiza bumwe ahandi.
Yagize ati: “Birumvikana ko ikiguzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa kigomba kwitabwaho, ariko niba ubwiza ari bwo bw’ingenzi, igiciro cyabyo kirakwiye.”
Uretse ibikoresho bigezweho nka Synergigi table, Timeless yanabonye kongera kugaragara kw'imiterere gakondo. Abashushanya b'iyi sosiyete bakunze gusabwa kongera cyangwa gusana ibyuma bya kera. Hafi y'ibishushanyo mbonera, ibishushanyo mbonera byabyo by'inyuma n'imiyoboro ya kare byibutsa ibikoresho byo mu kinyejana cya 17 byo mu bwoko bwa spiral houses.
McMillan agira ati: “Imiyoboro yacu igoramye yakoreshejwe mu bugeni, mu bishushanyo mbonera no mu matara meza, ndetse no mu nkuta zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye. Ndizera ko mu gihe cyo gukora robots, abantu bifuza kubona ubukorikori. Abahanzi n'abashushanya basobanukiwe ko bashobora gukoresha imiyoboro yacu kugira ngo barusheho kunoza imishinga yabo.”
Uretse ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi n’imitako, hari andi mahirwe ategereje. Mu mujyi uwo ari wo wose cyangwa mu nkengero z’umujyi aho umuryango uwo ari wo wose ukoresha ibikorwa remezo, McMillan atekereza ko porogaramu zishobora kongeramo ubuhanga mu gusimbuza ibintu bisanzwe cyangwa bitaryoshye.
Agira ati: “Nkunda igitekerezo cyo gukoresha imiyoboro y’umwuka mu buryo bwo guhanga uduce tw’umwuka tudashimishije cyangwa gutunganya ingazi zikora neza. Twizera ko dukurikije ubwiza, imiterere, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’imiterere y’imiyoboro, ibice by’imiyoboro byakozwe kandi bigakorwa ari byo byiza kuruta imiyoboro isanzwe izengurutse.”
Tube & Umuyoboro Ikinyamakuru 于 1990 年成为第一本致力于为金属管材行业服务的杂志。 Ikinyamakuru cya Tube & Pipe cyanditswe mu 1990 Tube & Umuyoboro Ikinyamakuru стал пер журналом, посвященным манстрии металлических труб в 1990 году. Ikinyamakuru Tube & Pipe Journal cyabaye ikinyamakuru cya mbere cyihariye inganda z'imiyoboro y'ibyuma mu 1990.Muri iki gihe, iracyari cyo cyonyine cyasohotse mu nganda muri Amerika ya Ruguru kandi yabaye isoko ryizewe cyane ry'amakuru ku bakora ibijyanye no gusohora imiyoboro.
Ubu hamwe n'uburyo bwose bwo kubona igitabo cya The FABRICATOR digital edition, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
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