Izitshintshi zobushushu zepleyiti zikhona kwiindawo ezininzi zoshishino kwaye zisebenzisa ikakhulu iipleyiti zesinyithi ukudlulisa ubushushu phakathi kolwelo olubini.
Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kukhula ngokukhawuleza kuba zingcono kunee-heat exchangers zemveli (ngesiqhelo ityhubhu edibeneyo equlethe ulwelo olunye oludlula kwigumbi elinolunye ulwelo) kuba ulwelo olupholiswayo luyi-Greater surface area contact, nto leyo ephucula ukudluliselwa kobushushu kwaye inyusa kakhulu izinga lokutshintsha kobushushu.
Endaweni yokuba iikhoyili zidlule kwiigumbi, kwi-plate heat exchanger, kukho iigumbi ezimbini ezitshintshanayo, ezidla ngokuba zincinci ngobunzulu, ezahlulwe ziipleyiti zesinyithi ezirhabaxa kwiindawo zazo ezinkulu. Igumbi lincinci, njengoko oku kuqinisekisa ukuba uninzi lomthamo wolwelo ludibana nepleyiti, nto leyo enceda ekutshintshiseni ubushushu.
Iipleyiti zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu ezinjalo bezisoloko zenziwe kusetyenziswa ukustampa okanye umatshini oqhelekileyo njengomzobo onzulu, kodwa kutshanje i-photochemical etching (PCE) ibonakalise ukuba yeyona ndlela yokwenza esebenza kakuhle nengabizi kakhulu ekhoyo kule sicelo sinzima. I-Electrochemical Machining (ECM) lolunye ubuchwepheshe obunye obunokuvelisa iindawo ezichanekileyo kakhulu kwiibhetshi, kodwa le nkqubo ifuna utyalo-mali oluphezulu kakhulu, inqunyelwe kwizixhobo eziqhubayo, itya amandla amaninzi, uyilo kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo kunzima, kwaye umsebenzi osebenzayo. Ukugqwala kwezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezixhobo bekusoloko kuyintlungu.
Amaxesha amaninzi, amacala omabini e-plate heat exchanger aqulathe iimpawu ezintsonkothileyo kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha ezingaphaya kwamandla okustampa kunye nokulungisa, kodwa zifumaneka lula kusetyenziswa i-PCE. Ukongeza, i-PCE inokuvelisa iimpawu kumacala omabini e-plate ngaxeshanye, igcine ixesha elininzi, kwaye le nkqubo ingasetyenziswa kuluhlu lweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya intsimbi engagqwaliyo, i-Inconel 617, i-aluminium, kunye ne-titanium.
Ngenxa yeempawu ezithile zenkqubo, i-PCE inika enye indlela ekhangayo yokunyathela kunye nokulungisa kwiindawo zesinyithi. Isebenzisa i-photoresist kunye ne-etchant ukucubungula ngokuchanekileyo iindawo ezikhethiweyo ngokweekhemikhali, le nkqubo ineempawu zezinto ezigciniweyo, iindawo ezingenazo ii-burr kunye noxinzelelo ezinee-contours ezicocekileyo kwaye azinazo iindawo ezichaphazeleka bubushushu. Ukongeza, i-fluid etching medium idala isakhiwo esifanelekileyo se-fluid cooling medium esetyenziswa kwipleyiti. Ezi zakhiwo azinazo iikona kunye nemiphetho enokuchaphazeleka kukubola.
Idibene nenyaniso yokuba i-PCE isebenzisa izixhobo zedijithali okanye zeglasi eziphinda-phindwayo ngokulula nezingabizi kakhulu, ibonelela ngenye indlela yokuvelisa engabizi kakhulu, echanekileyo kakhulu kwaye ekhawulezayo kuneendlela zemveli zoomatshini kunye nokunyathela. Oku kuthetha ukonga okukhulu kweendleko xa kusenziwa izixhobo zeprototype, kwaye ngokungafaniyo neendlela zokunyathela kunye noomatshini, akukho zixhobo zigugileyo kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nokusikwa kwakhona kwentsimbi.
Umatshini kunye nokunyathela kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezingagqibelelanga kwisinyithi kumgca wokusika, kudla ngokutshintsha ukwakheka kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwaye kushiye ii-burrs, iindawo ezichaphazelekileyo bubushushu, kunye neengqimba ezilungisiweyo. Ukongeza, bazama ukuhlangabezana nesisombululo seenkcukacha esifunekayo kwiindawo ezincinci, ezinzima ngakumbi, nezichanekileyo ezifana neepleyiti zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu.
Enye into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ekukhetheni inkqubo bubukhulu bezinto eziza kusetyenziswa ngomatshini. Iinkqubo zemveli zihlala zihlangabezana nobunzima xa zisetyenziswa ekucutshungulweni kwesinyithi esincinci, ukustampa kunye nokustampa kwiimeko ezininzi azifanelekanga, ngelixa ukunqunyulwa kwe-laser kunye namanzi kukhokelela kumanqanaba angalinganiyo nangamkelekanga okuguquka kobushushu kunye nokuqhekeka kwezinto, ngokulandelelana. Nangona i-PCE ingasetyenziswa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zobukhulu besinyithi, uphawu oluphambili kukuba inokusebenza kwiishiti zesinyithi ezincinci, njengalezo ezisetyenziswa kwii-plate heat exchangers, ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukuthamba, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthembekeni kwendibano.
Indawo ephambili apho kusetyenziswa khona iipleyiti kukusetyenziswa kweeseli zepetroli ezenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo, i-aluminium, i-nickel, i-titanium, i-copper kunye noluhlu lwee-alloys ezikhethekileyo.
Iipleyiti zesinyithi kwiiseli zepetroli zifunyenwe zinezibonelelo ezininzi ngaphezu kwezinye izinto. Kwangaxeshanye, zinamandla kakhulu, zibonelela ngokuhambisa kakuhle ukuze kuphole ngcono, zinokwenziwa zibe ncinci kakhulu kusetyenziswa ukukrola, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho iinqwaba ezimfutshane, kwaye azinawo umphezulu ongqameneyo ngaphakathi kwitshaneli. Iipleyiti zinokwenziwa kwaye kwenziwe imijelo ngaxeshanye, kwaye njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, akukho xinzelelo lobushushu lwenziwayo kwisinyithi, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuba sithe tyaba ngokupheleleyo.
Inkqubo ye-PCE iqinisekisa ukunyamezelana okuphindaphindwayo kuzo zonke imilinganiselo yebhodi yezitshixo, kubandakanya ubunzulu bomoya kunye nejometri ephindaphindiweyo, kwaye inokwenza iinxalenye ngokweenkcazo zoxinzelelo oluqinileyo.
Amanye amashishini asebenzisa amaphepha aqoshwe ngeekhemikhali aquka ii-linear motors, i-aerospace, i-petrochemical kunye ne-chemical industry. Emva kokwenziwa, iipleyiti ziyabekwa ndawonye kwaye ukusasazwa kudityaniswe okanye kuhlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze kwenziwe umbindi wesitshintshi sobushushu. Izitshintshi zobushushu ezigqityiweyo zinokuba ncinci ngokuphindwe kathandathu kunezitshintshi zobushushu zemveli "zegobolondo kunye neetyhubhu", zibonelela ngendawo entle kunye neenzuzo zobunzima.
Izitshintshi zobushushu eziveliswa kusetyenziswa i-PCE nazo ziqinile kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, ziyakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lwe-600 bar ngelixa zilungelelanisa nomgangatho wobushushu ukusuka kwi-cryogenics ukuya kwi-900 degrees Celsius. Kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa imijelo yenkqubo engaphezulu kwesibini kwiyunithi enye kwaye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zepayipi kunye neevalvu zincitshiswa kakhulu. Impendulo kunye nokuxubana kunokudityaniswa kuyilo lwesitshintshi sobushushu seplate, okongeza ukusebenza kakuhle kwiyunithi enye.
Iimfuno zanamhlanje zokususa ubushushu ngendlela efanelekileyo neyonga indawo zizisa imingeni emikhulu kwiinjineli ezininzi zophuhliso. Ukunciphisa izinto ezininzi kwitekhnoloji yombane kunye ne-microsystem kudala oko kuthiwa zii-thermal hot spots, ezifuna ukususwa kobushushu okufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo ende.
Ukusebenzisa i-2D kunye ne-3D PCE, ii-microchannels ezinobubanzi kunye nobunzulu obuchaziweyo zinokwenziwa kwii-heat exchangers ukuze kukhethwe imidiya yokusasaza ubushushu kwindawo encinci. Akukho mda phantse kwiindlela ezinokwenzeka zoyilo lwee-channel.
Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni inkqubo yokugrumba ikhuthaza uyilo olutsha kunye nenkululeko yejiyometri, ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo ngokuchaseneyo nokuhamba kwe-laminar kunokukhuthazwa ngokusebenzisa imiphetho yemijelo kunye nobunzulu bemijelo egobileyo. Ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo kwindawo yokupholisa kuthetha ukuba i-coolant edibana nomthombo wobushushu itshintsha rhoqo, nto leyo eyenza ukutshintshiselana kobushushu kube ngcono ngakumbi. Ukonakala okunjalo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwimijelo emincinci kwi-heat exchangers kuveliswa lula yi-PCE, kodwa akunakwenzeka okanye akunakwenzeka ukuba kubize kakhulu ukuvelisa kusetyenziswa ezinye iinkqubo zokwenza.
Ingcali ye-PCE i-micrometal GmbH isebenzisa izixhobo ze-optoelectronic ezixabisa kakhulu ukuvelisa izinto zokusebenza ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuchaneka okuphindaphindwayo.
Iipleyiti ze-microchannel nganye zinokunamatheliswa (umz., ngokuwelda kwe-diffusion) kwiijiometri ezahlukeneyo ze-3D. I-micrometal isebenzisa inethiwekhi yamaqabane anamava enika abathengi ukhetho lokuthenga iipleyiti ze-microchannel nganye okanye iibhloko ze-microchannel heat exchanger ezidibeneyo.
Into eneempawu zesinyithi kwaye equlathe izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zeekhemikhali, ubuncinane enye yazo yisinyithi.
Nciphisa ukunyuka kobushushu bolwelo kwindawo yokusebenza yesixhobo/yomsebenzi ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemishini. Ngokwesiqhelo ikwimo yolwelo, njengemixube enyibilikayo okanye yeekhemikhali (eyenziwe kancinci, eyenziweyo), kodwa inokuba ngumoya oxinzelelweyo okanye ezinye iigesi. Ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukufunxa ubushushu obuninzi, amanzi asetyenziswa kakhulu njengesibandisi kunye nesithwali seekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo zokusika, kwaye umlinganiselo wamanzi kwikhompawundi uyahluka ngokomsebenzi wokwenziwa kwemishini. Jonga ulwelo lokusika; ulwelo lokusika oluyi-semi-synthetic; ulwelo lokusika ioyile enyibilikayo; ulwelo lokusika oluyi-synthetic.
1. Ukusasazwa kwenxalenye kwigesi, ulwelo, okanye into eqinileyo edla ngokwenza ukuba iindawo zifane. 2. Iathomu okanye imolekyuli ifudukela kwindawo entsha ngaphakathi kwezinto.
Umsebenzi apho umbane ugeleza khona phakathi kwesixhobo somsebenzi kunye nesixhobo esiqhubayo nge-electrolyte. Uqalisa impendulo yekhemikhali enyibilikisa isinyithi kwisixhobo somsebenzi ngesantya esilawulwayo. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokusika, ubulukhuni besixhobo somsebenzi abuyonto ibalulekileyo, nto leyo eyenza i-ECM ifaneleke kwizixhobo ezinzima ukusetyenzwa ngomatshini. Ngendlela yokugaya nge-electrochemical, ukuhluza nge-electrochemical kunye nokujika nge-electrochemical.
Ngokusebenza njengemoto ejikelezayo kwisixhobo somatshini, imoto ethe ngqo ingacingwa njengemoto ejikelezayo yemagnethi esisigxina, esikwe embindini, emva koko yahlutywa yaza yabekwa ngokuthe tyaba. Inzuzo ephambili yokusebenzisa iimoto ezithe ngqo ukuqhuba intshukumo ye-axis kukuba isusa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nomahluko woomatshini obangelwa ziinkqubo zokuhlanganisa izikrufu zebhola ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezininzi zomatshini ze-CNC.
Izinto ezibanzi ezibekwe kwindawo enye kumphezulu. Ziquka zonke izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezibekwe kwindawo enye ngaphezu kwendlela yokusika isixhobo. Jonga iFlow; Ukulala; Uburhabaxa.
UDkt. Michael J. Hicks nguMlawuli weZiko loPhando lweShishini noQoqosho kunye noNjingalwazi oDumileyo wezoQoqosho kwiSikolo soShishino saseBall State kwiYunivesithi yaseMiller. UHicks ufumene iPhD yakhe kunye ne-MA kwi-Economics kwiYunivesithi yaseTennessee kunye ne-BA kwi-Economics kwiVirginia Military Institute. Ubhale iincwadi ezimbini kunye neempapasho zezifundo ezingaphezu kwama-60 ezigxile kumgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente nowengingqi, kubandakanya umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu kunye nenkcitho kunye nempembelelo yeWalmart kuqoqosho lwengingqi.