Mubvunzo: Munguva pfupi yapfuura tatanga kuita basa rinoda kuti zvimwe zvikamu zvigadzirwe kubva ku304 stainless steel, iyo inosungirirwa pachayo uye kune simbi isina kusimba. Takasangana nematambudziko ekupwanyika kwesimbi pakati pesimbi isina kusimba nesimbi isina kusimba inosvika 1.25″ ukobvu. Zvataurwa kuti tine ferrite levels yakaderera. Unogona kutsanangura kuti chii uye kuti ungachigadzirisa sei?
A: Mubvunzo wakanaka. Ehe, tinogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa zvinoreva ferrite yakaderera uye maitiro ekudzivirira.
Kutanga, ngatitarisei tsananguro yesimbi isingatsvedzeri (SS) uye kuti ferrite ine hukama sei nemajoini akasungirirwa. Simbi nhema ne alloys zvine iron inodarika 50%. Izvi zvinosanganisira simbi dzese dzekabhoni ne stainless, pamwe nemamwe mapoka. Aluminium, mhangura, uye titanium hazvina iron, saka mienzaniso yakanaka yealloys dzisina ferrous.
Zvikamu zvikuru zvesimbi iyi isimbi yecarbon ine simbi inosvika 90% uye simbi isina ngura ine simbi inosvika 70 kusvika 80%. Kuti ionekwe seSS, inofanira kunge iine chromium inosvika 11.5% yakawedzerwa. Mazinga eChromium ari pamusoro pechiyero ichi anokurudzira kuumbwa kwefirimu rechromium oxide pamusoro pesimbi uye anodzivirira kuumbwa kweoxidation yakaita sengura (iron oxide) kana chemical attack corrosion.
Simbi isina ngura yakakamurwa zvikuru mumapoka matatu: austenitic, ferritic uye martensitic. Zita rayo rinobva pachimiro chekristaro patembiricha yemumba umo inoumbwa. Rimwe boka rinowanzo shandiswa isimbi isina ngura mbiri, inova chiyero pakati peferrite neaustenite muchimiro chekristaro.
Magiredhi eAustenitic, 300 series, ane 16% kusvika 30% chromium uye 8% kusvika 40% nickel, zvichigadzira chimiro chekristaro chinonzi austenitic. Zvinhu zvinosimbisa zvakaita senickel, kabhoni, manganese, uye nitrogen zvinowedzerwa panguva yekugadzira simbi kuti zvibatsire kuumba chiyero cheaustenite-ferrite. Mamwe magiredhi akajairika ndea304, 316 na347. Inopa kudzivirira ngura kwakanaka; inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yechikafu, makemikari, mishonga uye cryogenic. Kudzora kuumbwa kweferrite kunoita kuti igare yakasimba pakupisa kwakaderera.
Ferritic SS imhando ye400 series ine magineti akazara, ine 11.5% kusvika 30% chromium, uye ine chimiro chekristaro cheferritic chinonyanya kushandiswa. Kuti zvikurudzire kuumbwa kweferrite, zvinosimbisa zvinosanganisira chromium, silicon, molybdenum uye niobium panguva yekugadzira simbi. Mhando idzi dzeSS dzinowanzo shandiswa muma automotive exhaust systems uye powertrains uye dzine mashandisirwo mashoma ekupisa kwepamusoro. Mhando dzinoverengeka dzinowanzo shandiswa: 405, 409, 430 uye 446.
Magiredhi eMartensitic, anonziwo 400 series, akadai se403, 410, uye 440, ane magnetic, ane 11.5% kusvika 18% chromium, uye ane chimiro chekristaro chemartensitic. Musanganiswa uyu une goridhe rakaderera, zvichiita kuti usanyanya kudhura kugadzira. Anopa simba rekudzivirira ngura, simba guru, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yetafura, michina yemazino neyekuvhiya, midziyo yekubikira, uye mamwe marudzi ezvishandiso.
Kana uchisanganisa simbi isingatsvi, rudzi rwechinhu chakagadzirwa nesimbi uye mashandisirwo ainoita zvichasarudza simbi yakakodzera yekuzadza. Kana uri kushandisa nzira yekudzivirira gasi, ungangoda kunyatsotarisa musanganiswa wegesi yekudzivirira kudzivirira mamwe matambudziko ane chekuita nekusanganisa.
Kuti ugobatanidza 304 pachayo, uchada electrode yeE308/308L. "L" inomiririra low carbon, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira ngura pakati pegranular. Huremu hwekabhoni hwema electrodes aya huri pasi pe0.03%, kana kukosha uku kukadarika, njodzi yekuiswa kwekabhoni pamiganhu yezviyo uye chromium bonding kuumba chromium carbides inowedzera, izvo zvinoderedza zvinobudirira ngura yesimbi. Izvi zvinova pachena kana ngura ikaitika munzvimbo ine kupisa (HAZ) yesimbi isina tsvina. Chimwe chinhu chaunofanira kufunga nezvacho nezvesimbi isina tsvina yegiredhi L ndechekuti ine simba rakaderera rekudhonza pakupisa kwakanyanya kwekushanda pane straight stainless steel grades.
Sezvo 304 iri mhando yesimbi isingatsvinda inonzi austenitic, simbi ye weld inoenderana nayo inenge iine yakawanda ye austenite. Zvisinei, electrode pachayo inenge iine ferrite stabilizer, yakaita se molybdenum, kukurudzira kuumbwa kweferrite musimbi ye weld. Vagadziri vanowanzo nyora huwandu hwakajairika hweferrite yesimbi ye weld. Sezvambotaurwa, kabhoni isimba rakasimba re austenitic stabilizer uye nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi zvakakosha kudzivirira kuwedzerwa kwayo kusimbi ye weld.
Nhamba dzeFerrite dzinobva paScheffler chati neWRC-1992 chati, dzinoshandisa nickel nechromium equivalent formulas kuverenga kukosha uko kana kwakanyorwa pachati kunopa nhamba yakajairika. Nhamba yeFerrite iri pakati pe0 ne7 inoenderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwechimiro cheFerritic crystal chiripo musimbi yeweld, zvisinei, pahuwandu hwakakwira, nhamba yeFerrite inowedzera nekukurumidza. Yeuka kuti ferrite muSS haina kufanana neFerrite yesimbi yecarbon, asi chikamu chinonzi delta ferrite. Austenitic stainless steel haichinjike muzvikamu zvine chekuita nekupisa kwakanyanya senge kurapwa kwekupisa.
Kuumbwa kweferrite kunodiwa nekuti ine ductile yakawanda kupfuura austenite, asi inofanira kudzorwa. Kuwanda kweferrite shoma kunogona kupa welds dziviriro yakanaka yengura mune mamwe mashandisirwo, asi dzinowanzo pwanyika nekupisa panguva yekuwelding. Pakushandiswa kwakajairika, huwandu hweferrites hunofanira kunge huri pakati pe5 ne10, asi mamwe mashandisirwo angada kukosha kwakaderera kana kwakakwira. Ferrites dzinogona kuongororwa zviri nyore munzvimbo yebasa nechiratidzo cheferrite.
Sezvo wataura kuti une matambudziko ekutsemuka uye maferrite mashoma, unofanirwa kunyatsoongorora filler metal yako uye uve nechokwadi chekuti iri kugadzira maferrite akakwana - anenge masere ndiwo anofanira kukubatsira. Zvakare, kana uri kushandisa flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), mafiller metal aya anowanzo shandisa shield gas ye100% carbon dioxide kana musanganiswa we75% argon uye 25% CO2, izvo zvinogona kukonzera weld metal kuti itore kabhoni. Unogona kuchinja kune metal arc welding (GMAW) process woshandisa 98% argon/2% oxygen mixture kuderedza mukana wecarbon deposits.
Pakusanganisa simbi isina ngura nesimbi yekabhoni, zvinhu zvinozadza E309L zvinofanira kushandiswa. Iyi simbi inozadza inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakusanganisa simbi dzakasiyana, zvichiita huwandu hwakati hweferrite mushure mekunge simbi yekabhoni yanyungudika mu weld. Nekuti simbi yekabhoni inonwisa kabhoni, zvinosimbisa ferrite zvinowedzerwa kusimbi inozadza kuti zvidzivirire kabhoni kugadzira austenite. Izvi zvichabatsira kudzivirira kupwanyika kwekupisa panguva yekusanganisa.
Mukupedzisa, kana uchida kugadzirisa zvidimbu zvinopisa mu austenitic stainless steel welds, tarisa kana ferrite filler metal yakakwana uye tevedzera tsika yakanaka ye welding. Chengetedza kupisa kuri pasi pe50 kJ/in, chengetedza tembiricha iri pakati nepakati kusvika pasi, uye iva nechokwadi chekuti majoini e solder akachena usati waisa solder. Shandisa gauge yakakodzera kuti utarise huwandu hwe ferrite pa weld, uchivavarira kusvika pa5-10.
WELDER, yaimbonzi Practical Welding Today, inomiririra vanhu chaivo vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zvatinoshandisa uye zvatinoshanda nazvo zuva nezuva. Magazini iyi yave ichishandira nharaunda yevanosanganisa simbi muNorth America kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri.
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