Zvakanyorwa zvakanaka kuti kuvandudzwa kwakawedzerwa mukuita kwemitambo kunogona kuunganidzwa kuti pave nechikwata chinokunda. Mabasa eOilfield haasi akasiyana uye zvakakosha kushandisa mukana uyu kubvisa mari yekupindira isina kufanira. Pasinei nemitengo yemafuta, seindasitiri tinosangana nekumanikidzwa kwehupfumi nekwemagariro evanhu kuti tishande zvakanaka sezvinobvira.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo iye zvino, kubvisa dhiramu rekupedzisira remafuta kubva muzvinhu zviripo nekuisazve uye kuchera matavi mumatsime aripo inzira yakangwara uye inoshanda - chero bedzi ichigona kuitwa nenzira isingadhuri. Kuboorera machubhu esimbi (CT) tekinoroji isingashandiswi zvakanyanya iyo inovandudza kushanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakawanda zvichienzaniswa nekuboorera kwakajairika. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kuti vashandi vanogona sei kushandisa mukana wekubudirira kunogona kuitwa neCTD kuderedza mitengo.
Kusvika pari zvino, tekinoroji yekuchera ine machubhu (CTD) yawana nzvimbo mbiri dzakabudirira asi dzakasiyana muAlaska neMiddle East, mufananidzo 1. MuNorth America, tekinoroji iyi haisati yashandiswa zvakanyanya. Inozivikanwawo sekuchera pasina machubhu, inotsanangura kuti tekinoroji yeCTD inogona kushandiswa sei kubvisa zvakachengetwa zvepaipi nemutengo wakaderera; mune dzimwe nguva, nguva yekubhadhara yebazi idzva inogona kuyerwa mumwedzi. CTD haingogone kushandiswa mukushandisa kwakaderera chete, asi mukana weCT wekushanda zvisina kuenzana unogona kupa kushanduka kwekushanda kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mwero wekubudirira kwegoho rega rega mumunda wakaderera.
CTD yakashandiswa mukuchera zvisina kuenzana kuti iwedzere kugadzirwa munzvimbo dzisina mafuta negesi. Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji iyi kwakabudirira zvikuru muzvitubu zvinoderedza kuyerera kwemvura zvishoma muMiddle East, uko huwandu hwema "CTD rigs" hwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore mashoma apfuura. Kana CTD isina kuenzana ikashandiswa, inogona kudzoserwa kuburikidza nematsime matsva kana matsime aripo. Imwe nzira huru yeCTD yakabudirira kwemakore akawanda ndeyekuNorth Slope yeAlaska, uko CTD inopa nzira inodhura yekudzosa matsime ekare uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa. Tekinoroji iri mukushandiswa uku inowedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwe "margin barrels" anowanikwa kune vagadziri veNorth Slope.
Kushanda nesimba kwakawedzerwa kunoita kuti mitengo iderere. CTD inogona kuva inodhura zvishoma pane kuchera kwekare nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Chekutanga, tinoona izvi mumutengo wese webhareri, kudzoserwazve kwemvura neCTD kushoma pane kuburikidza nematsime matsva ekuzadza mvura. Chechipiri, tinozviona mukudzikira kwemitengo yetsime nekuda kwekuchinja kwehubhu dzakamonerwa. Heano mashandiro akasiyana-siyana uye mabhenefiti:
kutevedzana kwemabasa. Kuboora pasina rig, CTD yemabasa ese, kana musanganiswa wema workover rigs nema coiled tube zvinogoneka. Sarudzo yekuti chirongwa ichi chichaitwa sei zvinoenderana nekuwanikwa uye mari yevanopa masevhisi munzvimbo iyi. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, kushandiswa kwema workover rigs, wireline rigs nema coiled tube zvinogona kupa mabhenefiti akawanda maererano nenguva yekushandisa uye mari. Matanho akajairika anosanganisira:
Matanho 3, 4 ne5 anogona kuitwa uchishandisa CTD package. Matanho asara anofanira kuitwa nechikwata chekugadzirisa. Kana michina yekugadzirisa zvinhu isingadhuri zvakanyanya, nzira dzekubuda nadzo mucasing dzinogona kuitwa CTD package isati yaiswa. Izvi zvinoita kuti CTD package ibhadharwe chete kana mutengo wepamusoro wapihwa.
Mhinduro yakanakisisa muNorth America inowanzoitwa nhanho 1, 2 ne3 pamatsime akati wandei uchishandisa ma workover rigs usati watanga kushandisa CTD package. Mabasa eCTD anogona kutora mazuva maviri kusvika mana, zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwechinangwa. Saka, overhaul block inogona kutevera CTD operation, uye CTD package ne overhaul package zvinoitwa zvese pamwe chete.
Kugadzirisa michina inoshandiswa uye kutevedzana kwemabasa kunogona kukanganisa zvikuru mutengo webasa rose. Kwekuwana kuchengetedza mari kunoenderana nenzvimbo yebasa. Kune imwe nzvimbo basa rekuchera pasina kushandisa mayuniti ekugadzirisa zvinhu rinokurudzirwa, mune dzimwe nguva kushandiswa kwemayuniti echubhu dzakamonerwa kuita basa rese kungave mhinduro yakanakisisa.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvichave nemutengo wakaderera kuva nemaitiro maviri ekudzosa mvura uye kuisa rechipiri kana tsime rekutanga racherwa. Pakeji yemvura kubva mutsime rekutanga inozoendeswa kutsime rechipiri, kureva nepakeji yekuchera. Izvi zvinoderedza nguva yekuchera patsime rega rega uye zvinoderedza mari. Kuchinjika kwemapaipi anochinjika kunobvumira kuronga kwakanaka kuti nguva ishande zvakanyanya uye kuderedza mari.
Kugona kudzora kumanikidzwa kusina kuenzana. Kugona kuri pachena kweCTD ndiko kudzora kumanikidzwa kwemugodhi. Machubhu akakomberedzwa akagadzirirwa kushanda zvisina kuenzana, uye kubhoorwa kusina kuenzana uye kusina kuenzana kunogona kushandisa BHP chokes seyakajairika.
Sezvambotaurwa, zvinokwanisikawo kuchinja nekukurumidza kubva pamabasa ekuboorera kuenda kumabasa ekudzora kudzvinyirira zvakanyanya kuenda kumabasa asina kuenzana. Kare, maCTD aionekwa seane hurefu hwakaganhurirwa padivi hwaigona kuboorwa. Parizvino, zvirambidzo zvawedzera zvakanyanya, sezvakaratidzwa neprojekiti yazvino paNorth Slope yeAlaska, iyo ine makiromita anopfuura 7,000 munzira inochinjika. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekushandisa maguides anotenderera nguva dzose, macoils akakura uye maturusi ekusvika kwenguva refu muBHA.
Midziyo inodiwa pakurongedza CTD. Midziyo inodiwa pakuisa CTD inoenderana nedhamu uye kana sarudzo yekudhonza ichidikanwa. Kuchinja kunoitika zvakanyanya parutivi rwekudzoserwa kwemvura. Kubatanidza nitrogen nyore nyore kunogona kuiswa mukati mepombi, kwakagadzirira kuchinja kuita kuchera kwematanho maviri kana zvichidikanwa, mufananidzo 3. Mapombi enitrogen ari nyore kufamba munzvimbo zhinji muUnited States. Kana paine chikonzero chekushandura kuita mabasa ekudhonza asina kuenzana, mainjiniya akanyatsofungwa anodiwa kumashure kuti ape kushanduka kwekushanda uye kuderedza mari.
Chikamu chekutanga chiri pasi pechikamu chekudzivirira kubhururuka ndicho chinhu chinonzi throttle manifold. Uyu ndiwo mwero wemabasa ese ekuboorera CT anoshandiswa kudzora kumanikidzwa kwegomba repasi. Mudziyo unotevera isplitter. Paunenge uchishanda pakuwedzera mwero, kana drawdown isingatarisirwi, saka iyi inogona kunge iri nyore kugoorera gasi rekuparadzanisa, iyo inogona kudziviswa kana mamiriro ekudzora tsime asina kugadziriswa. Kana drawdown ichitarisirwa, 3-phase kana 4-phase separators inogona kuvakwa kubva pakutanga, kana kuchera kunogona kumiswa uye full separator yakaiswa. divider inofanira kubatanidzwa kune signal flares dziri kure.
Mushure mekuparadzanisa pachava nematangi anoshandiswa semakomba. Kana zvichibvira, aya anogona kunge ari matangi akavhurika pamusoro kana matangi ekugadzira. Nekuda kwehuwandu hushoma hwematope paunoisazve CTD, hapana chikonzero chekushaker. Tsvina yacho ichagara museparator kana mune imwe yematangi ehydraulic fracturing. Kana separator isiri kushandiswa, isa ma baffles mutangi kuti ubatsire kuparadzanisa migero yeweir separator. Danho rinotevera ndere kubatidza centrifuge yakabatana nedanho rekupedzisira kubvisa zvasara zvakasimba usati wadzokorora. Kana uchida, tangi rekusanganisa rinogona kuiswa mutangi/pit system kuti usanganise sisitimu yemvura yekuboora isina solids, kana mune dzimwe nguva, mvura yekuboora yakasanganiswa inogona kutengwa. Mushure metsime rekutanga, zvinofanirwa kuitika kufambisa matope akasanganiswa pakati pematsime uye kushandisa sisitimu yematope kuboora matsime akawanda, saka tangi rekusanganisa rinongoda kuiswa kamwe chete.
Kuchenjerera pakushandisa mvura yekuboora. Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa mvura yekuboora dzakakodzera CTD. Chinhu chikuru ndechekushandisa mvura iri nyore isina zvidimbu zvakasimba. Mvura inodziviswa ine mapolymers ndiyo yakajairika pakushandisa simba rakanaka kana rinodzorwa. Mvura yekuboora iyi inofanira kudhura zvishoma pane mvura yekuboora inoshandiswa pamichina yekuboora yakajairika. Izvi hazvingoderedzi mari yekushandisa chete, asiwo zvinoderedza chero mari yekuwedzera inokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kana paine kurasikirwa.
Kana kuchera kusina kuenzana, izvi zvinogona kuva mvura yekuchera ine zvikamu zviviri kana mvura yekuchera ine zvikamu chimwe chete. Izvi zvinosarudzwa nekumanikidzwa kwetangi uye dhizaini yetsime. Mvura inoshandiswa pakuchera isina kuenzana inowanzova mvura, brine, oiri kana dhiziri. Imwe neimwe inogona kuderedzwa huremu nekupinza nitrogen panguva imwe chete.
Kuchera zvisina kuenzana kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya hupfumi hwehurongwa nekuderedza kukuvara/kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo. Kuchera nemafuta ekuchera echikamu chimwe chete kunowanzoita sekunge kusingadhuri pakutanga, asi vanoshanda vanogona kuvandudza hupfumi hwavo nekuderedza kukuvara kwenzvimbo uye kubvisa kukurudzirwa kunodhura, izvo zvichawedzera kugadzirwa.
Zvinyorwa nezveBHA. Pakusarudza muchina wekuisa gomba repasi (BHA) weCTD, pane zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo. Sezvambotaurwa, nguva yekuvaka uye yekuisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru. Saka, chinhu chekutanga chekufunga nezvacho ndehurefu hwese hweBHA, mufananidzo 4. BHA inofanira kunge iri pfupi zvakakwana kuti ikwanise kutenderera pamusoro pevharuvhu huru uye ichiramba ichisimbisa ejector kubva pavharuvhu.
Nzira yekuiswa kwemvura ndeyekuisa BHA mugomba, kuisa injector nelubricator pamusoro pegomba, kuunganidza BHA pamusoro petambo, kudzosera BHA mu lubricator, kudzorera injector nelubricator mugomba, uye kuvaka kubatana kuBOP. Iyi nzira inoreva kuti hapana turret kana pressure deployment inodiwa, zvichiita kuti kuiswa kwemvura kuve nekukurumidza uye kwakachengeteka.
Chechipiri chekufunga nezvacho nderudzi rwemaumbirwo ari kuboorwa. MuCTD, kutaridzika kwechiso chechombo chekuboorwa kwedivi kunotsanangurwa neguiding module, iyo iri chikamu chebhoorwa reBHA. Mutambi anofanira kukwanisa kufamba-famba nguva dzose, kureva kutenderera newachi kana counterclockwise pasina kumira, kunze kwekunge zvichidikanwa nedirectional drilling rig. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uboore gomba rakatwasuka zvakakwana uku uchinyatsoshandisa WOB ne lateral reach. Kuwedzera WOB kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuboorwa mativi marefu kana mapfupi paROP yakakwira.
Muenzaniso wekuSouth Texas. Matsime anopfuura 20,000 akacherwa muminda yeEagle Ford shale. Mutambo uyu wave uchishanda kwemakore anopfuura gumi, uye huwandu hwematsime ekunze achada P&A huri kuwedzera. Mutambo uyu wave uchishanda kwemakore anopfuura gumi, uye huwandu hwematsime ekunze achada P&A huri kuwedzera. Месторождение активно действует уже более десяти лет, и количество малорентабельных скважин, требущих P&A, увеличивается. Nzvimbo iyi yave ichishanda kwemakore anopfuura gumi uye huwandu hwematsime emvura anoda P&A huri kuwedzera.该戏剧已经活跃了十多年，需要P&A 的边缘井数量正在增加. P&A 的边缘井数量正在增加. Месторождение активно действует уже более десяти лет, и количество краевых скважин, требующих P&A, увеличивается. Nzvimbo iyi yave ichishanda kwemakore anopfuura gumi uye huwandu hwematsime eparutivi anoda P&A huri kuwedzera.Matsime ese akagadzirirwa kugadzira Eagle Ford Shale achapfuura nemuAustin Chalk, dziva rinozivikanwa zvikuru rave richigadzira huwandu hwemahydrocarbons ekutengeserana kwemakore mazhinji. Nzvimbo yekuvaka yakaiswa kuti ishandise mamwe mabara anogona kuiswa pamusika.
Kuchera choko muAustin kune chekuita nekurasikirwa. Magadzirirwo eCarboniferous anotsemuka, uye kurasikirwa kukuru kunogoneka kana uchiyambuka zvidimbu zvakakura. Madhaka anobva mumafuta anowanzo shandiswa pakuchera, saka mutengo wemabhaketi anorasika edhaka anobva mumafuta unogona kuva chikamu chikuru chemutengo wetsime. Dambudziko harisi chete mutengo wemvura inorasika yekuchera, asiwo shanduko mumitengo yetsime, iyo inofanirwawo kufungwa nezvayo pakugadzirira bhajeti regore negore; nekuderedza kusiyana kwemitengo yemvura inochera, vanoshanda vanogona kushandisa mari yavo nemazvo.
Mvura inoboorwa inogona kushandiswa munyu usina mvura yakawanda inogona kudzora kumanikidzwa kwemvura uchishandisa chokes. Semuenzaniso, mushonga we 4% KCL brine une xanthan gum se tackifier uye starch yekudzora kusefa wakakodzera. Huremu hwemvura yacho hunosvika 8.6-9.0 pounds pagaroni uye chero kumanikidzwa kunodiwa kuti kudzvanyirire kuumbwa kwachoke kuchaiswa pavharuvhu yekudzvanya.
Kana kurasikirwa kukaitika, kuboorwa kunogona kuenderera mberi, kana kurasikirwa kwacho kuchigamuchirwa, choke inogona kuvhurwa kuti kuswededze kumanikidzwa kuri kutenderera pedyo nekumanikidzwa kwetangi, kana choke inogona kutovharwa kwenguva yakati kusvika kurasikirwa kwacho kwagadziriswa. Panyaya yekudzora kumanikidzwa, kuchinjika uye kuchinjika kwemachubhu akamonerwa kuri nani pane marig ekuboorwa akajairika.
Imwe nzira inogona kufungwawo nayo pakuchera netubhu yakamonerwa ndeyekuchinja kuita kuchera kusina kuenzana kana kuputika kwemvura kwakanyanya kwayambuka, izvo zvinogadzirisa dambudziko rekubuda kwemvura uye zvinochengetedza kuputsika kwemvura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana kuputika kwemvura kukasapindirana, tsime rinogona kupedzwa zvakajairika nemutengo wakaderera. Zvisinei, kana kuputika kwemvura kukayambuka, kuumbwa kwayo kunodzivirirwa kubva mukukuvadzwa uye kugadzirwa kwayo kunogona kuwedzerwa nekucherwa kusina kuenzana. Nekushandisa michina yakakodzera uye dhizaini yenzira, makiromita anopfuura 7,000 anogona kufambiswa kuAustin Chalka.
taura zvinhu zvakawanda. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura pfungwa nepfungwa dzekufunga nezvazvo pakuronga mishandirapamwe yekucherazve kuchera patsva uchishandisa CT drilling. Chishandiso chega chega chichasiyana zvishoma, uye chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvepfungwa huru. Tekinoroji yeCTD yakura, asi mashandisirwo acho akachengeterwa nzvimbo mbiri dzakatsigira tekinoroji iyi mumakore ayo ekutanga. Tekinoroji yeCTD ikozvino inogona kushandiswa pasina kuzvipira kwemari kwechiitiko chenguva refu.
kukosha kwayo. Kune mazana ezviuru zvematsime ekugadzira ayo achazofanira kuvharwa, asi kuchine huwandu hwemafuta negesi zvekutengeserana zviri shure kwepombi. CTD inopa nzira yekunonotsa kuburitswa kwemagetsi uye kuchengetedza mari shoma inoshandiswa. Madhiramu anogonawo kuunzwa kumusika nekukurumidza, zvichibvumira vashandi kushandisa mitengo yakakwira mumavhiki kwete mwedzi, uye pasina chikonzero chezvibvumirano zvenguva refu.
Kuvandudzwa kwekushanda zvakanaka kunobatsira indasitiri yese, kungave kuri kushandura mashandiro edhijitari, kuvandudza nharaunda kana kuvandudza mashandiro. Kuisa machubhu akamonerwa kwakaita basa rayo mukuderedza mitengo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi, uye ikozvino sezvo indasitiri iri kuchinja, inogona kupa mabhenefiti akafanana pamwero mukuru.