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Guhumanya ubutaka nikibazo gikomeye cyatewe nibikorwa byabantu.Gukwirakwiza ahantu hashobora kuba uburozi (PTEs) buratandukanye mubice byinshi byo mumijyi no mumijyi. Kubwibyo rero, biragoye guhanura muburyo butandukanye ibikubiye muri PTEs mubutaka nkubu. Ingero 115 zose zabonetse muri Frydek Mistek muri Repubulika ya Ceki. Kalisiyumu (Ca), magnesium (M) ifatanije na plasma isohora spekrometrike.Ibisubizo byahinduwe ni Ni naho abahanuzi ni Ca, Mg, na K.Imibare ifitanye isano ihindagurika ryibisubizo hamwe nimpinduka ziteganijwe zerekana isano iri hagati yibintu.Ibisubizo byahanuwe byerekanaga ko Inkunga ya Vector Machine Regression (SVMR) yakoze neza, nubwo imizi yagereranijwe isobanura ikosa rya kare (RMSE) (235.974 mg / kg) (235.974 mg / kg) uburyo bwakoreshejwe. Icyitegererezo kivanze kuri Empirical Bayesian Kriging-Multiple Linear Regression (EBK-MLR) gikora nabi, nkuko bigaragazwa na coefficients yo kwiyemeza munsi ya 0.1.Icyitegererezo cya Empirical Bayesian Kriging-Support Vector Machine Regression (EBK-SVMR) nicyitegererezo cyiza, gifite agaciro ka RMSE (95.479 mg / kg). = 0.637.
Nickel (Ni) ifatwa nka micronutrient ku bimera kuko igira uruhare mu gutunganya azote yo mu kirere (N) na metabolisme ya urea, byombi bisabwa kugira ngo imbuto zimera. Usibye uruhare rwayo mu kumera imbuto, Ni irashobora gukora nk'ibihumyo na bagiteri kandi igateza imbere iterambere ry'ibimera.Kutagira nikel mu butaka bikabuza kwangiza ibimera. ifumbire ishingiye kuri nikel kugirango hongerwe ingufu za azote2.Gukomeza gukoresha ifumbire ishingiye kuri nikel kugirango itungire ubutaka kandi byongere ubushobozi bwibinyamisogwe byo gutunganya azote mu butaka bikomeza byongera ubukana bwa nikel mu butaka.Nubwo nikel ari micrutriente yibiti, gufata cyane kubutaka bwangiza ubumara bwa pH. intungamubiri zo gukura kw'ibimera1.Nk'uko bivugwa na Liu3, Ni byagaragaye ko ari cyo kintu cya 17 cy'ingenzi gisabwa mu iterambere ry’ibimera no gukura. Usibye uruhare rwa nikel mu iterambere ry’ibimera no gukura, abantu barabikenera mu buryo butandukanye. ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byo mu gikoni, ibikoresho by’umupira, ibikoresho by’inganda zikora ibiribwa, amashanyarazi, insinga n’umugozi, turbine, indege zo kubaga, imyenda, hamwe no kubaka ubwato 5.Urwego rukungahaye ku butaka (ni ukuvuga ubutaka bwo hejuru) rwatewe n’amasoko ya antropogene na kamere, ariko cyane cyane, Ni isoko karemano aho kuba antropogenique 4,6. icyakora, inkomoko ya antropogeneque irimo bateri ya nikel / kadmium mu nganda zibyuma, amashanyarazi, gusudira arc, amavuta ya mazutu na peteroli, hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bituruka ku gutwika amakara n’imyanda no gutwika imyanda Nickel yegeranye 7,8.Nkuko bivugwa na Freedman na Hutchinson9 na Manyiwa n'abandi. 10, isoko nyamukuru y’umwanda w’ubutaka mu bidukikije kandi byegeranye cyane cyane ni nikel-umuringa ushingiye ku mashanyarazi na mine.Ubutaka bwo hejuru bukikije uruganda rwa Sudbury nikel-umuringa wo muri Kanada bwari bufite urugero rwinshi rwa nikel kuri 26.000 mg / kg11. 12, ingano ya HNO3 ikururwa na nikel mu butaka bwa mbere bwo guhinga mu karere (umusaruro wa nikel mu Burusiya) yari hagati ya 6.25 na 136.88 mg / kg, ihwanye na 30.43 mg / kg hamwe n’ibice fatizo bya mg / kg 25. Dukurikije kabata 11, ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda mu butaka bw’ubuhinzi mu mijyi cyangwa mu mijyi. nikel mu bantu irashobora gutera kanseri binyuze muri mutagenezesi, kwangirika kwa chromosomal, kubyara Z-ADN, kubuza gusana ADN gusana, cyangwa epigenetike13.Mu bushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa, nikel byagaragaye ko ifite ubushobozi bwo gutera ibibyimba bitandukanye, kandi nikel kanseri itera kanseri ishobora kongera ibibyimba nkibi.
Isuzuma ryanduza ubutaka ryateye imbere mu bihe byashize kubera ibibazo byinshi bijyanye n’ubuzima bituruka ku mibanire y’ibitaka n’ubutaka, imikoranire y’ibinyabuzima n’ubutaka, iyangirika ry’ibidukikije, hamwe n’isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bidukikije. Kugeza magingo aya, guhanura ahantu hashobora kuba uburozi (PTEs) nka Ni mu butaka byakoreshwaga kandi bitwara igihe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa gakondoMM (DSM) kandi byateje imbere ikarita y’ubutaka (DSM). Minasny na McBratney16, ibishushanyo mbonera by'ubutaka (DSM) byagaragaye ko ari isomo rikomeye ry'ubumenyi bw'ubutaka.Lagacherie na McBratney, 2006 basobanura ko DSM ari “ishyirwaho no kuzuza uburyo bwo kumenya amakuru ku butaka hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kureba ahantu hamwe na laboratoire hamwe n'ubutaka butandukanye kandi butandukanye” .McBratney n'abandi. 17 vuga ko DSM cyangwa PSM yiki gihe aribwo buryo bukomeye bwo guhanura cyangwa gushushanya ikwirakwizwa rya PTEs, ubwoko bwubutaka nubutaka bwubutaka.Geostatistics and Machine Learning Algorithms (Umudepite) nubuhanga bwo kwerekana imiterere ya DSM bukora amakarita ya digitale hifashishijwe mudasobwa ukoresheje amakuru akomeye kandi make.
Deutsch18 na Olea19 bisobanura geostatistics nk "ikusanyirizo ryubuhanga bwumubare bujyanye no kwerekana imiterere yimiterere, cyane cyane ikoresha imiterere idakuka, nkukuntu isesengura ryibihe biranga amakuru yigihe gito." Byibanze, geostatistique ikubiyemo isuzuma rya variogrammes, zemerera Quantify no gusobanura kwishingira indangagaciro ziva muri buri dataset20.Gumiaux nibindi. 20 irerekana kandi ko isuzuma rya variogrammes muri geostatistics rishingiye ku mahame atatu, harimo (a) kubara igipimo cyo guhuza amakuru, (b) kumenya no kubara anisotropy mu itandukaniro rya dataset kandi (c) usibye no kuzirikana ikosa ryibanze ryamakuru yo gupimwa yatandukanijwe n'ingaruka zaho, ingaruka z’akarere nazo ziragereranywa. gufatanya-kriging, kriging isanzwe, kriging ya Bayesian, uburyo bworoshye bwa kriging hamwe nubundi buryo buzwi cyane bwa interpolation bwo gushushanya cyangwa guhanura PTE, ibiranga ubutaka, nubwoko bwubutaka.
Kwiga Imashini Algorithms (Umudepite) ni tekinike nshya isa naho ikoresha ibyiciro binini bitari umurongo, byongewe na algorithm ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bucukuzi bwamakuru, ikagaragaza imiterere yamakuru, kandi igashyirwa mubikorwa inshuro nyinshi mubyiciro bya siyansi nka siyanse yubutaka hamwe nimirimo yo gusubiza. 22 (amashyamba adasanzwe yo kugereranya ibyuma biremereye mubutaka bwubuhinzi), Sakizadeh nibindi. 23. 24 (CART yo kwerekana ibyuma biremereye kubika hamwe na adsorption mubutaka) Izuba nibindi. 25.
Gushyira mu bikorwa algorithms ya DSM mu guhanura cyangwa gushushanya bihura n’ibibazo byinshi.Abanditsi benshi bemeza ko Umudepite aruta geostatistics naho ubundi.Nubwo umwe aruta undi, guhuza byombi bizamura urwego rwukuri rwo gushushanya cyangwa guhanura muri DSM15.Woodcock na Gopal26 Finke27; Pontius na Cheuk28 na Grunwald29 batanga ibisobanuro kubitagenda neza hamwe namakosa amwe n'amwe yo gushushanya ikarita y’ubutaka. Abahanga mu butaka bagerageje uburyo butandukanye bwo kunoza imikorere, neza, no guhanura ikarita ya DSM no guhanura. Guhuza ibidashidikanywaho no kugenzura ni kimwe mu bintu byinshi bitandukanye byinjijwe muri DSM kugira ngo bikore neza kandi bigabanye inenge.Nyamara, Agyeman n'abandi. 15 vuga ko imyitwarire yo kwemeza no gushidikanya byatangijwe no gukora ikarita no guhanura bigomba kwemezwa byigenga kugira ngo ubwiza bw’ikarita bugabanuke.Imipaka ya DSM iterwa n’ubutaka bw’ubutaka butatanye, bukubiyemo ibintu bitazwi neza; icyakora, kutamenya neza muri DSM birashobora guturuka kumasoko menshi yamakosa, arikosa rya covariate, ikosa ryikitegererezo, ikosa ryumwanya, hamwe nisesengura ryisesengura 31.Modelling idahwitse yatewe ninteko ishinga amategeko hamwe na geostatistique ifitanye isano no kutumva neza, amaherezo biganisha ku gukabya inzira nyayo32.Ibisobanuro byerekana imiterere, kugereranya, kugereranya, kugereranya, kugereranya, kugereranya, hagaragaye uburyo bushya bwa DSM buteza imbere guhuza geostatistique n’umudepite mu gushushanya no guhanura. Abahanga mu bumenyi bw’ubutaka n’abanditsi, nka Sergeev n'abandi. 34; Subbotina n'abandi. 35; Tarasov n'abandi. 36 na Tarasov n'abandi. 37 bakoresheje ubuziranenge bwa geostatistique hamwe no kwiga imashini kugirango babyare imiterere ya Hybrid itezimbere imikorere yo guteganya no gushushanya. ubuziranenge.Bimwe muribi bivangavanze cyangwa bihujwe na algorithm ni Artificial Neural Network Kriging (ANN-RK), Multilayer Perceptron Residual Kriging (MLP-RK), Rusange Rusange Neural Network Residual Kriging (GR- NNRK) 36, Artificial Neural Network Kriging-Multilayer Perceptron (ANN-K-MLP).
Nk’uko Sergeev n'abandi babivuga, guhuza uburyo butandukanye bwo kwerekana imideli bifite ubushobozi bwo gukuraho inenge no kongera imikorere ya moderi ivanze aho guteza imbere icyitegererezo cyayo kimwe. Muri urwo rwego, iyi mpapuro nshya ivuga ko ari ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa algorithm ihuriweho na geostatistics hamwe n’umudepite kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibinyabuzima kugira ngo hamenyekane ubukire bwa Ni mu mijyi no mu mijyi ya Kigali. . yakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi butandukanye, harimo gusesengura ikwirakwizwa rya karubone kama mu butaka bw’imirima40, gusuzuma umwanda w’ubutaka41 no gushushanya imiterere y’ubutaka42.
Ku rundi ruhande, Igishushanyo-cyo Kwishushanya (SeOM) ni algorithm yo kwiga yakoreshejwe mu ngingo zitandukanye nka Li n'abandi. 43, Wang n'abandi. 44, Hossain Bhuiyan n'abandi. 45 na Kebonye et al.46 Menya ibiranga umwanya hamwe no guteranya ibintu.Wang et al. 44 vuga ko SeOM nubuhanga bukomeye bwo kwiga buzwiho ubushobozi bwo guteranya no gutekereza ibibazo bitari umurongo.Ntabwo bimeze nkubundi buryo bwo kumenyekanisha imiterere nko gusesengura ibice byingenzi, guhuza ibice bya fuzzy, guhuza ibyiciro, no gufata ibyemezo byinshi, SeOM nibyiza mugutegura no kumenya imiterere ya PTE. Ukurikije Wang nabandi. 44, SeOM irashobora gutondekanya muburyo bwo gukwirakwiza neuron ifitanye isano no gutanga amakuru-yerekana neza cyane amashusho.SOM izerekana amashusho yamakuru yo guhanura kugirango ibone icyitegererezo cyiza cyo kuranga ibisubizo kubisobanuro bitaziguye.
Uru rupapuro rugamije kubyaza umusaruro ikarita yerekana ikarita yerekana neza neza uburyo bwo guhanura ibikomoka kuri nikel mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no hagati y’imijyi. Turakeka ko kwizerwa kw’imvange ivanze ahanini biterwa n’ingaruka z’izindi ngero zifatanije n’icyitegererezo fatizo. Turemera imbogamizi zihura na DSM, kandi mu gihe izo mbogamizi zirimo gukemurwa ku mpande nyinshi, guhuza iterambere muri geostatistique na MLA bigaragara ko byiyongera; kubwibyo, tuzagerageza gusubiza ibibazo byubushakashatsi bishobora gutanga imiterere ivanze.Nyamara, ni ubuhe buryo bufatika bwo guhanura ibintu bigamije? Ikindi, ni uruhe rwego rwo gusuzuma imikorere rushingiye ku kwemeza no gusuzuma neza? Ni yo mpamvu, intego zihariye z’ubu bushakashatsi zari iyo (a) gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuvanga imiterere ya SVMR cyangwa MLR ukoresheje EBK nk'icyitegererezo cy'ibanze, (b) kugereranya icyitegererezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyerekezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyerekezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyerekezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyitegererezo cyavuye mu mijyi) ya SeOM kugirango ikore ikarita ihanitse yikarita ya nikel itandukanye.
Ubushakashatsi burimo gukorerwa muri Repubulika ya Ceki, cyane cyane mu karere ka Frydek Mistek mu karere ka Moraviya-Silesiya (reba Ishusho ya 1) .Uburinganire bw’akarere k’ubushakashatsi burakomeye cyane kandi bugizwe ahanini n’akarere ka Beskidy ka Moraviya-Silesiya, kari mu gice cy’inyuma cy’imisozi ya Karipati. 225 na 327 m; icyakora, gahunda yo gutondekanya Koppen kumiterere yikirere yakarere isuzumwa nka Cfb = ikirere cyo mu nyanja gishyushye, Hariho imvura nyinshi ndetse no mumezi yumutse.Ubushyuhe buratandukanye gato mumwaka hagati ya −5 ° C na 24 ° C, ntibikunze kugabanuka munsi ya −14 ° C cyangwa hejuru ya 30 ° C, mugihe ubuso bwimvura buri hagati yubuso buri hagati ya 685 na 752 mm47.38. butaka na 49.36% by'amashyamba.Kurundi ruhande, agace gakoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi ni kilometero kare 889.8. Muri Ostrava no hafi yacyo, inganda z’ibyuma n’ibikorwa by’ibyuma birakora cyane. Uruganda rukora ibyuma, uruganda rukora ibyuma aho nikel ikoreshwa mu byuma bitagira umwanda (urugero nko kurwanya ruswa y’ikirere) hamwe n’ibyuma bikomeza imbaraga (nikel byongera imbaraga) ifumbire mvaruganda ya fosifate n’umusaruro w’amatungo nubushakashatsi bushobora kuba isoko ya nikel mukarere (urugero, kongeramo nikel kumwana wintama kugirango byongere umuvuduko wintama wintama ninka zitunzwe cyane) .Ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha inganda za nikel mubice byubushakashatsi burimo no gukoresha amashanyarazi, harimo amashanyarazi ya nikel hamwe nubutaka bwa elegitoronike buturuka kumiterere yubutaka. ibikoresho.Ni colluvial, alluvial cyangwa aeolian muri kamere.Bimwe mubice byubutaka bigaragara ko byahinduwe hejuru yubutaka nubutaka, akenshi hamwe na beto no guhumanya.Nyamara, cambisol na stagnosol nubwoko bwubutaka bukunze kugaragara mukarere48.Nubwo ubutumburuke buri hagati ya 455.1 na 493.5 m, cambisol yiganjemo Repubulika ya Ceki.
Ikarita y'ahantu ho kwigwa [Ikarita y'ahantu ho kwigwa yakozwe hifashishijwe Ibiro bya ArcGIS (ESRI, Inc, verisiyo 10.7, URL: https://desktop.arcgis.com).]
Icyitegererezo cy’ubutaka 115 cyakuwe mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no mu mijyi yo mu karere ka Frydek Mistek.Urugero rw’icyitegererezo rwakoreshwaga ni urusobe rusanzwe rufite urugero rw’ubutaka buri hagati ya kilometero 2 × 2, kandi ubutaka bwo hejuru bwapimwaga ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 0 kugeza kuri 20 hakoreshejwe igikoresho cya GPS (Leica Zeno 5 GPS) .Ingero zapakiwe mu mifuka ya Ziploc, zanditswemo neza. na sisitemu ya mashini (Uruganda rwa disiki ya Fritsch), hanyuma ikayungurura (ingano ya mm 2) ndengakamere ku isahani ishyushye (ubushyuhe: 100 W na 160 ° C) kuri 2 h kugira ngo byorohereze igogorwa ryintangarugero, hanyuma ukonje. Hindura supernatant kuri flasque ya milimetero 50 hanyuma uyungurura kugeza kuri ml 50 hamwe namazi ya deionioni.Nyuma yibyo, shungura supernatant ivanze mumazi ya ml 50 uyungurura amazi ya mlioni ya ml. umuyoboro wa ml 12 wateguwe kuri PTE pseudo-concentration.Ubushuhe bwa PTEs (Nk, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ca, Mg, K) byagenwe na ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) ukurikije uburyo bwa QA hamwe nubwishingizi. 2711a Ubutaka bwa Montana II) .PTE zifite imipaka yo gutahura munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri ntizakuwe muri ubu bushakashatsi. Umupaka wo gutahura PTE wakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi wari 0.0004.
Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) ni bumwe mu buhanga bwa geostatistique interpolation bukoreshwa mu kwerekana imiterere mu bice bitandukanye nka siyanse y'ubutaka. Bitandukanye n'ubundi buryo bwa kriging interpolation, EBK itandukanye n'uburyo bwa kriging gakondo urebye ikosa ryagereranijwe na moderi ya semivariogramme. Muri EBK interpolation, uburyo butandukanye bwa semivariogramu bugereranywa na interpolation. ifitanye isano nu mugambi wa semivariogramu igizwe nigice kinini cyane cyuburyo buhagije bwa kriging. Gahunda ya interpolation ya EBK ikurikiza ibipimo bitatu byasabwe na Krivoruchko50, (a) icyitegererezo kigereranya semivariogramu yinjiza dataset (b) agaciro gashya kavuzwe kuri buri cyinjiriro cya dataset cyatanzwe nikigereranyo cya dataset cyatanzwe nicyitegererezo cyateganijwe. Inyuma
Aho \ (Ikibazo \ ibumoso (A \ iburyo) \) byerekana ibyabanjirije, \ (Ikibazo \ ibumoso (B \ iburyo) \) amahirwe ya marginal yirengagizwa mubihe byinshi, \ (Ikibazo (B, A) \) .Ibarura rya semivariogram rishingiye ku mategeko ya Bayes, ryerekana ubushake bwamakuru yo kwitegereza ashobora gushirwaho uhereye kuri semivariogramu.Agaciro kerekana ko ari amahame ya semivari. dataset yo kwitegereza kuva muri semivariogram.
Imashini ya vector imashini ni algorithm yiga imashini itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutandukanya hyperplane kugirango itandukanye ibyiciro bimwe byigenga ariko bidafite umurongo. na Mulier53 bakoze ubupayiniya bwa SVMR nk'isubiranamo rishingiye ku ntangiriro, kubara kwabo kwakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubira inyuma ku murongo hamwe n'imikorere y'ibihugu byinshi.Yohana et al54 avuga ko kwerekana imiterere ya SVMR ikoresha hyperplane umurongo ugaruka, bigatuma habaho umubano utari muto kandi ukemerera imirimo y'ahantu. Nkurikije Vohland n'abandi. 55, epsilon (() ibice. Ingano yatanzwe na Vapnik51 irerekanwa hepfo.
aho b ihagarariye igipimo cya scalar, \ (K \ ibumoso ({x} _ {,} {x} _ {k} \ iburyo) \) igereranya imikorere yintangiriro, \ (\ alpha \) igereranya kugwiza Lagrange, N Yerekana imibare yumubare, \ .
Icyitegererezo cyinshi cyo gusubira inyuma (MLR) nicyitegererezo cyo gusubira inyuma kigaragaza isano iri hagati yimpinduka zisubizwa hamwe numubare wibihinduka byahanuwe ukoresheje ibipimo bihujwe umurongo bibarwa ukoresheje uburyo buto bwa kare. Muri MLR, icyitegererezo cya kare kare ni imikorere yo guhanura imitungo yubutaka nyuma yo guhitamo impinduka zisobanura.Ni ngombwa gukoresha igisubizo kugirango habeho guhuza umurongo hamwe nibisobanuro byerekana.
aho y ni ibisubizo bihinduka, \ (a \) ni uguhagarika, n numubare wabahanuzi, \ ({b} _ {1} \) ni ugusubira inyuma kubice bya coefficient, \ ({x} _ {i} \) byerekana ibyahanuwe cyangwa ibisobanuro bihinduka, kandi \ ({\ varepsilon} _ {i} \) byerekana ikosa mubyitegererezo, bizwi kandi nkibisigaye.
Moderi ivanze yabonetse na sandwiching EBK hamwe na SVMR na MLR.Ibi bikorwa mugukuramo indangagaciro zahanuwe muri interpolation ya EBK.Indangagaciro zahanuwe zabonetse muri interpolated Ca, K, na Mg ziboneka binyuze muburyo bwo guhuza ibintu kugirango babone impinduka nshya, nka CaK, CaMg, na KMg.Ibintu Ca, K na Mg bihinduka kugirango babone impinduka, Ca. CaK, CaMg, KMg na CaKMg. Izi mpinduka zabaye abahanuzi bacu, zifasha guhanura ubukana bwa nikel mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no mu mijyi yo hagati. Algorithm ya SVMR yakorewe ku bahanuzi kugira ngo babone icyitegererezo kivanze na Empirical Bayesian Kriging-Support Vector Machine (EBK_SVM) .Bisa na byo, impinduka zishyirwa mu bikorwa bya MLR. .
Gukoresha SeOM byahindutse igikoresho kizwi cyane mugutegura, gusuzuma, no guhanura amakuru murwego rwimari, ubuvuzi, inganda, imibare, siyanse yubutaka, nibindi.SOM yashizweho hifashishijwe imiyoboro yubukorikori yubukorikori hamwe nuburyo bwo kwiga butagenzuwe muburyo bwo gutegura, gusuzuma, no guhanura. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, SeOM yakoreshejwe mu kwerekana amashusho ya Ni ashingiye ku cyitegererezo cyiza cyo guhanura Ni mu mibare ikoreshwa mu bice bya Se. impinduka43,56.Melssen n'abandi. 57 sobanura ihuriro ryinjiza ryinjira mumurongo wa neural unyuze kumurongo umwe winjiza kumurongo usohoka hamwe na vector imwe yuburemere.Ibisohoka byakozwe na SeOM ni ikarita yibice bibiri igizwe na neuron cyangwa imitwe itandukanye ikozwe mumakarita ya topologiya, azenguruka, cyangwa kare ya kare ya topologiya ukurikije aho yegereye. Kugereranya ingano yikarita ishingiye kuri metero, ikosa ryo kubara (QE) hamwe nikosa rya 0.90, TE) Igice cya 55-ikarita (5 × 11) .Imiterere ya neuron igenwa ukurikije umubare wumutwe muburinganire bwa empirical
Umubare wamakuru yakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi ni ingero 115. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe bwakoreshejwe mu kugabanya amakuru mu makuru y’ibizamini (25% yo kwemeza) hamwe n’amahugurwa yatanzwe (75% yo guhitamo) inzira, isubirwamo inshuro eshanu. Impinduka zakozwe na EBK interpolation zikoreshwa nkabahanuzi cyangwa ibisobanuro bihinduka kugirango bahanure intego ihindagurika (PTE) .Modeling ikorerwa muri RStudio ikoresheje ububiko bwibitabo (Kohonen), isomero (caret), isomero (modelr), isomero (“e1071 ″), isomero (“ plyr ”), isomero (“ isomero ”).
Ibipimo bitandukanye byo kwemeza byakoreshejwe kugirango hamenyekane icyitegererezo cyiza gikwiye cyo guhanura ubukonje bwa nikel mu butaka no gusuzuma ukuri kw'icyitegererezo no kwemezwa kwayo. Ubwoko bwa Hybridisation bwasuzumwe hakoreshejwe ikosa risobanutse neza (MAE), imizi isobanura ikosa rya kare (RMSE), hamwe na R-kare cyangwa coefficient (R2) .R2 isobanura itandukaniro ryikigereranyo cyerekana urugero rwerekana ibipimo byerekana imbaraga. mugihe MAE igena agaciro nyako kagereranijwe. Agaciro R2 kagomba kuba hejuru kugirango dusuzume icyitegererezo cyiza kivanze ukoresheje ibipimo byo kwemeza, uko agaciro kegereye 1, niko nukuri nukuri.Nkurikije Li nabandi. 59, R2 igipimo cya 0,75 cyangwa kirenga gifatwa nkuwahanuye neza; kuva 0.5 kugeza 0,75 byemewe imikorere yicyitegererezo, naho munsi ya 0.5 ntabwo byemewe imikorere yicyitegererezo.Iyo guhitamo icyitegererezo ukoresheje uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibipimo bya RMSE na MAE, indangagaciro zo hasi zabonetse zari zihagije kandi byafatwaga nkicyifuzo cyiza.Ikigereranyo gikurikira gisobanura uburyo bwo kugenzura.
aho n igereranya ubunini bwagaciro kagaragaye \ ({Y} _ {i} \) byerekana igisubizo cyapimwe, naho \ ({\ widehat {Y}} _ {i} \) nacyo kigaragaza agaciro kateganijwe guhanurwa, kubwibyo, kubwa mbere i kwitegereza.
Ibisobanuro bishingiye ku mibare y'ibyahanuwe n'ibisubizo byatanzwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, yerekana ibisobanuro, gutandukana bisanzwe (SD), coefficient de variaire (CV), byibuze, ntarengwa, kurtose, na skewness. Indangagaciro ntoya kandi ntarengwa yibintu biri mukugabanuka kwa Mg Bitewe nubushakashatsi butandukanye bwapimwe bwibintu byatoranijwe, amakuru yashyizweho yo gukwirakwiza ibintu agaragaza ubunebwe butandukanye.Ubusembwa na kurtose yibintu byari hagati ya 1.53 na 7.24 na 2.49 kugeza 54.16, buri kintu cyose cyabazwe gifite urwego rwikurikiranya hamwe na kurtose hejuru ya +1, bityo bikerekana ko ikwirakwizwa ryamakuru ridasanzwe, ryerekanwe muburyo bwa CV, ryerekana ko CV ikwirakwizwa. mugihe Ca ifite impinduka nyinshi cyane. CV za K, Ni na Mg zisobanura kugabana kwabo.Ikindi kandi, gukwirakwiza Ca ntabwo ari kimwe kandi amasoko yo hanze ashobora kugira ingaruka kurwego rwo gutungisha.
Isano ryimihindagurikire yimiterere hamwe nibisubizo byerekanaga isano ishimishije hagati yibintu (reba Ishusho 3) .Isano ryerekanaga ko CaK yerekanye isano iri hagati yagaciro r = 0.53, kimwe na CaNi.Nubwo Ca na K berekana amashyirahamwe yoroheje hagati yabo, abashakashatsi nka Kingston nabandi. 68 na Santo69 byerekana ko urwego rwabo mubutaka ruringaniye.Nyamara, Ca na Mg birwanya K, ariko CaK ifitanye isano neza.Ibyo bishobora guterwa no gukoresha ifumbire nka karubone ya potasiyumu, iri hejuru ya 56% muri potasiyumu.Potasiyumu yari ifitanye isano na magnesium (KM r = 0.63). magnesium sulfate, potratiyumu magnesium nitrate, na potas bikoreshwa mubutaka kugirango bongere urugero rwibura ryabo.Nikel ifitanye isano rito na Ca, K na Mg ifite agaciro ka r = 0.52, 0.63 na 0.55, isano. nikel mu butaka.
Matrisa ihuriro kubintu byerekana isano iri hagati yabahanuzi nibisubizo (Icyitonderwa: iyi shusho ikubiyemo gutatanya hagati yibintu, urwego rwingenzi rushingiye kuri p <0,001).
Igicapo ca 4 kirerekana ikwirakwizwa ryibintu bitandukanye. Dukurikije Burgos et al70, ikoreshwa ryogukwirakwiza ahantu ni tekinike ikoreshwa mu kubara no kwerekana ahantu hashyushye ahantu handuye.Urwego rwo gukungahaza rwa Ca ku gishushanyo cya 4 rushobora kugaragara mu gice cy’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba ikarita yerekana ikwirakwizwa ry’imibare. Igishushanyo cyerekana ubutumburuke bwa Kalisiyumu mu gihe cy’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba. no kuyikoresha mu ruganda rukora ibyuma nka ogisijeni ya alkaline mugikorwa cyo gukora ibyuma.Ku rundi ruhande, abandi bahinzi bahitamo gukoresha calcium hydroxide mu butaka bwa aside kugira ngo itabuza pH, nayo ikongerera calcium mu butaka71.Potasiyumu kandi yerekana ahantu hashyushye mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba no mu burasirazuba bwikarita. nka Madaras na Lipavský72, Madaras et al.73, Pulkrabová et al.74, Asare et al.75, babonye ko guhagarika ubutaka no kuvura hamwe na KCl na NPK byaviriyemo K nyinshi mu butaka. Gutunganyiriza Potassiyumu mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'ikarita yo kugabura bishobora guterwa no gukoresha ifumbire ishingiye kuri potasiyumu nka potasiyumu chloride, potasiyumu sulfate, nitrati ya potasiyumu, potas, na potas kugira ngo yongere potasiyumu y'ubutaka bubi.Zádorová n'abandi. 76 na Tlustoš n'abandi. 77 yagaragaje ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ifumbire ya K ryongereye K mu butaka kandi byongera cyane intungamubiri z’ubutaka mu gihe kirekire, cyane cyane K na Mg byerekana ahantu hashyushye mu butaka. Ugereranyije ahantu hashyushye mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bw’ikarita no mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwikarita.Ibikorwa bya colloidal mu butaka bigabanya ubukana bwa magnesium mu butaka. ifumbire, nka potasiyumu magnesium sulfate, sulfate ya magnesium, na Kieserite, bivura ibitagenda neza (ibimera bigaragara ko ari ibara ry'umuyugubwe, umutuku, cyangwa umukara, byerekana ibura rya magnesium) mu butaka bufite pH isanzwe.Kwirundanya kwa nikel ku butaka bwo mu mijyi no hagati y’imijyi bishobora guterwa n’ibikorwa bya antropogenike nk’ubuhinzi n’akamaro ka nikel8.
Ikwirakwizwa ryibintu [ikarita yo gukwirakwiza ahantu yakozwe hifashishijwe Ibiro bya ArcGIS (ESRI, Inc, verisiyo 10.7, URL: https://desktop.arcgis.com).]
Icyitegererezo cyibikorwa byerekana ibisubizo kubintu byakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.Ku rundi ruhande, RMSE na MAE ya Ni byombi byegeranye na zeru (0.86 RMSE, -0.08 MAE) .Ku rundi ruhande, ibisubizo bya RMSE na MAE bya K biremewe. Ibisubizo bya RMSE na MAE byari binini kuri calcium na magnesium.Ca na K MAE na RMSE ubushakashatsi ukoresheje EBK guhanura Ni wasangaga aribyiza kuruta ibisubizo bya John nabandi. 54 ukoresheje synergistic kriging kugirango uhanure ubunini bwa S mubutaka ukoresheje amakuru amwe yakusanyijwe.Ibisubizo bya EBK twize bifitanye isano nibya Fabijaczyk nabandi. 41, Yan n'abandi. 79, Beguin n'abandi. 80, Adhikary n'abandi. 81 na Yohani n'abandi. 82, cyane cyane K na Ni.
Imikorere yuburyo bwihariye bwo guhanura ibikomoka kuri nikel mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no hagati y’imijyi yasuzumwe hifashishijwe imikorere y’icyitegererezo (Imbonerahamwe 3) .Ikigereranyo cyo kwemeza no gusuzuma neza cyemeje ko abahanuzi ba Ca_Mg_K bahujwe n’icyitegererezo cya EBK SVMR batanze umusaruro mwiza. Icyitegererezo cya Calibration Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR icyitegererezo R2, ikosa risobanura R2 (RMS). 95.479 mg / kg (RMSE) na 77.368 mg / kg (MAE) Ca_Mg_K-SVMR yari 0.663 (R2), 235.974 mg / kg (RMSE) na 166.946 mg / kg (MAE) .Nyamara, agaciro R2 kabonetse kuri Ca_Mg_K-SVMR (0.663 mg / kg_G R2); ibisubizo byabo bya RMSE na MAE byari hejuru kurenza ibya Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR (R2 0.637) (reba Imbonerahamwe 3). Byongeye kandi, RMSE na MAE ya Ca_Mg-EBK_SVMR (RMSE = 1664.64 na MAE = 1031.49) ni 17.5 na 13.4_B RMSE na MAE ya Ca_Mg-K SVMR (RMSE = 235.974 na MAE = 166.946) ni 2,5 na 2.2 binini kuruta ibya Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR RMSE na MAE. 46 na john n'abandi. 54, uko RMSE na MAE zegereye zeru, niko ibisubizo birushaho kuba byiza.SVMR na EBK_SVMR bifite agaciro ka RSME na MAE byagereranijwe. Byaragaragaye ko igereranyo cya RSME ryagiye risumba indangagaciro za MAE, byerekana ko hari abasohoka hanze. Ukurikije Legates na McCabe83, urugero rwerekana ko RMSE irenze ikosa risobanurwa. ko uko imibare itandukanye itandukanijwe, niko indangagaciro za MAE na RMSE zisobanutse. Ukuri kwipimisha ryambukiranya imipaka ya Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR yo kuvanga uburyo bwo guhanura Ni ibirimo mubutaka bwo mumijyi no mumijyi byari 63.70% .Kurikije Li nabandi. 59, uru rwego rwukuri ni igipimo cyemewe cyerekana imikorere.Ibisubizo byubu ugereranije nubushakashatsi bwibanze bwakozwe na Tarasov n'abandi. 36 icyitegererezo cya Hybrid cyaremye MLPRK (Multilayer Perceptron Residual Kriging), ifitanye isano na EBK_SVMR igipimo cyerekana isuzuma ryukuri ryatangajwe mubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa, RMSE (210) na MAE (167.5) byari hejuru yibyo twabonye mubushakashatsi bwakozwe ubu (RMSE 95.479, MAE 77.368) .Nyamara, ugereranije na 0.2. 36. icyitegererezo (EBK SVMR) ni 63.7%, mugihe ubuhanuzi bwatanzwe na Sergeev nabandi. 34 ni 28.%
Ikarita yanyuma yo guhanura igaragazwa hakoreshejwe icyitegererezo cya EBK_SVMR no gukoresha Ca_Mg_K nk'uwahanuye.
Yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 6 ni PTE yibumbiye hamwe nindege igizwe na neurone kugiti cye.Nta ndege yibigize yerekanaga ibara rimwe nkuko ryerekanwe.Nyamara, umubare ukwiye wa neuron ku ikarita yashushanijwe ni 55.SOM ikorwa hifashishijwe amabara atandukanye, kandi birasa cyane nuburyo bw'amabara, ukurikije imiterere y'ibara ryayo, ibintu byinshi (Ca, K, na M) CaMg isangiye bimwe na neuron yo murwego rwohejuru cyane hamwe nuburyo bwo hasi-buringaniye bwamabara.Ibitegererezo byombi byerekana uburinganire bwa Ni mubutaka bwerekana amabara maremare kandi maremare y'amabara nk'umutuku, orange n'umuhondo. Icyitegererezo cya KMg cyerekana amabara menshi maremare ashingiye ku gipimo cyiza kandi giciriritse cyerekana ibara ryerekana ishusho yerekana ibara ryerekana ibipimo byerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibipimo byerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryinshi. ) agaciro kateganijwe muri buri cyitegererezo.Uburyo bwa kontour bugaragaza umubare mwiza wamatsinda.Mu ngero zubutaka 115 zegeranijwe, icyiciro cya 1 cyabonye ingero nyinshi zubutaka, 74.Icyiciro cya 2 cyakiriye ingero 33, mugihe cluster ya 3 yakiriye ingero 8. Ihuriro ryibice birindwi byateganijwe byoroshywe kugirango bishoboke gusobanurwa neza.
Indege igizwe nibisohoka na buri Empirical Bayesian Kriging Inkunga ya Vector Machine (EBK_SVM_SeOM) ihinduka. [Ikarita ya SeOM yakozwe hakoreshejwe RStudio (verisiyo 1.4.1717: https://www.rstudio.com/).]
Ibice bitandukanye byo gutondekanya cluster [Ikarita ya SeOM yakozwe hakoreshejwe RStudio (verisiyo 1.4.1717: https://www.rstudio.com/).]
Ubu bushakashatsi burerekana neza uburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere ya nikel mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no hagati y’imijyi.Ubushakashatsi bwagerageje uburyo butandukanye bwo kwerekana imiterere, buhuza ibintu hamwe nubuhanga bwo kwerekana imiterere, kugirango haboneke uburyo bwiza bwo guhanura nikel mu butaka.Ibikoresho bya SeOM bigize planar ahantu hagaragara tekinike yo kwerekana imiterere yerekanaga ibara ryinshi kuva hasi kugeza hejuru kurwego rwerekana ibara ryerekanwa ryerekanwa ryerekanwa ryerekanwa. Igicapo 5) .Ibisubizo byerekana ko imashini yerekana imashini isubiza inyuma imashini (Ca Mg K-SVMR) iteganya ko Ni mu butaka bwibanze ku butaka nk'icyitegererezo kimwe, ariko ibipimo byo gusuzuma no gusuzuma neza byerekana amakosa menshi cyane mu bijyanye na RMSE na MAE.Ku rundi ruhande, tekinike yo kwerekana imiterere yakoreshejwe na moderi ya EBK_MLR nayo yari ifite amakosa kubera agaciro gake ka coefficient ya EBM (SVM) yabonetse (R2). hamwe namakosa make ya RMSE na MAE afite ukuri kuri 63.7% .Biragaragara ko guhuza algorithm ya EBK na algorithm yiga imashini bishobora kubyara algorithm ya Hybrid ishobora guhanura kwibumbira hamwe kwa PTEs mubutaka.Ibisubizo byerekana ko gukoresha Ca Mg K nk'abahanuzi guhanura Ni kwibanda mu gace k’ubushakashatsi bishobora guteza imbere guhanura kwa Ni mu butaka. ya nikel mu butaka. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko urugero rwa EBK rushobora kugabanya urwego rwamakosa no kunoza neza urugero rwikwirakwizwa ry’ubutaka mu butaka bwo mu mijyi cyangwa mu mijyi. Muri rusange, turasaba ko twakoresha icyitegererezo cya EBK-SVMR mu gusuzuma no guhanura PTE mu butaka; mubyongeyeho, turasaba gukoresha EBK kugirango tuvange hamwe na algorithms zitandukanye zo kwiga imashini.Ni concentration zahanuwe hakoreshejwe ibintu nka covariates; icyakora, gukoresha covariates nyinshi byanoza cyane imikorere yicyitegererezo, gishobora gufatwa nkimbogamizi yimirimo iriho.Indi mbogamizi yubu bushakashatsi ni uko umubare wamakuru ari 115. Kubera iyo mpamvu, niba hari amakuru menshi yatanzwe, imikorere yuburyo bwateganijwe bwo kuvanga uburyo bwiza bushobora kunozwa.
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