I-Argon backflush ivame ukudingwa ekushiseleni amashubhu ensimbi engagqwali kanye namapayipi kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezivamile ezifana nokushisela i-tungsten arc evikelwe ngegesi (GTAW) kanye nokushisela i-arc yensimbi evikelwe (SMAW). Kodwa izindleko zegesi kanye nesikhathi sokusetha inqubo yokuhlanza kungaba yinto ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi njengoba ububanzi bepayipi nobude bukhula.
Lapho befaka insimbi engagqwali engu-300 Series, osonkontileka bangaqeda ukugqashuka emuva kokushintshwa kwemisele yezimpande ezivulekile ngokushintsha kusuka ku-GTAW noma i-SMAW yendabuko baye enkambisweni yokushintshwa ethuthukisiwe, ngenkathi begcina ukushintshwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, begcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto, futhi behlangabezana ne-Welding Procedure Specification (WPS). ) kudinga inqubo yokushintshwa kwensimbi ye-arc yesekethe esifushane (GMAW). Inqubo ye-GMAW yesekethe esifushane ethuthukisiwe iphinde inikeze ukusebenza okwengeziwe, ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinzuzo ezilula zokusebenzisa ukusiza ukwandisa inzuzo.
Ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kanye namandla azo, ama-alloy ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zokufaka amapayipi namapayipi, okuhlanganisa uwoyela negesi, amakhemikhali kaphethroli, kanye nophethroli. Nakuba i-GTAW ibilokhu isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zokufaka amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, inezinkinga ezithile ezingaxazululwa nge-GMAW yesifunda esifushane esithuthukisiwe.
Okokuqala, njengoba kunokushoda okuqhubekayo kwabashiseli abanekhono, ukuthola abasebenzi abajwayelene ne-GTAW kuyinselele eqhubekayo. Okwesibili, i-GTAW akuyona inqubo yokushisela esheshayo, evimbela izinkampani ezifuna ukwandisa umkhiqizo ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende. Okwesithathu, idinga ukuhlanza amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali isikhathi eside futhi esibizayo.
Kuyini impendulo? Ukuhlanza kungukungenisa igesi ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela ukuze kususwe ukungcola futhi kuhlinzekwe ukwesekwa. Ukuhlanza ohlangothini lwangemuva kuvikela uhlangothi lwangemuva lweshidi ekwakhekeni kwama-oxide asindayo lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo.
Uma uhlangothi lwangemuva lungavikelwe ngesikhathi sokushisela umsele wezimpande ovulekile, kungase kube nomonakalo esisekelweni. Lokhu kuphuka kubizwa ngokuthi i-saccharification ngoba kuphumela endaweni efana noshukela ngaphakathi kokushisela. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhuhlana, umshiseli ufaka ipayipi legesi kolunye uhlangothi lwepayipi bese exhuma ukuphela kwepayipi nge-valve yokuhlanza. Baphinde bakhe umoya komunye umkhawulo wepayipi. Bavame futhi ukufaka iteyipu nxazonke kokuvulwa kwejoyinti. Ngemva kokuhlanza ipayipi, basusa ucezu lweteyipu nxazonke kwejoyinti baqala ukushisela, bephinda inqubo yokukhumula nokushisela kuze kube yilapho i-root bead isiqediwe.
Susa ukungezwani. Ukulandelela kabusha kungadla isikhathi esiningi nemali, kwezinye izimo kunezela izinkulungwane zamaRandi kuphrojekthi. Ukushintshela enqubweni ye-GMAW yomjikelezo omfushane ethuthukisiwe kuvumela inkampani ukuthi yenze ama-root pass ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-backflushing ezinhlotsheni eziningi zensimbi engagqwali. Ukushisela izinsimbi ezingagqwali zochungechunge ezingama-300 kufaneleka kahle kulokhu, kuyilapho ukushisela izinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-duplex ezihlanzekile kakhulu okwamanje kudinga i-GTAW ukuze kusetshenziswe i-root pass.
Ukugcina okokufaka ukushisa kuphansi ngangokunokwenzeka kusiza ukugcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwento yokusebenza. Enye indlela yokunciphisa okokufaka ukushisa ukunciphisa inani lokudlula kokushisela. Izinqubo ze-GMAW ezithuthukisiwe ze-short-circuit ezifana ne-controlled metal deposition (RMD®) zisebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwensimbi okulawulwa ngokunembile ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwamaconsi afanayo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngomshini wokushisela ukulawula ichibi lokushisela, okubuye kulawule ukufakwa kokushisa kanye nesivinini sokushisela. Ukufakwa okuncane kokushisa kuvumela ichibi lokushisela ukuba liqine ngokushesha.
Ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwensimbi okulawulwayo kanye nokuqandisa okusheshayo kwechibi lokushisela, ichibi lokushisela alinazo izivunguvungu eziningi futhi igesi yokuvikela iphuma esibanini se-GMAW ngokushelela. Lokhu kuvumela igesi yokuvikela ukuthi idlule empandeni eveziwe, ikhiphe umoya futhi ivimbele ukugcwala kukashukela noma ukubola ngaphansi kwe-weld. Lokhu kufihlwa kwegesi kuthatha isikhathi esifushane ngoba amadaka aqina ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukuhlola kukhombisile ukuthi inqubo ye-GMAW ye-short circuit eguquliwe ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi yokushisela ngenkathi igcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kokushisela kwezimpande ze-GTAW.
Ukushintsha inqubo yokushisela kudinga inkampani ukuthi iphinde iqinisekise i-WPS, kodwa ukushintsha okunjalo kungabangela izinzuzo ezinkulu zesikhathi kanye nokonga izindleko emsebenzini omusha wokukhiqiza nokulungisa.
Ukushisela imisele evulekile yezimpande kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-GMAW ye-short circuit ethuthukisiwe kunikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe ekukhiqizeni, ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nemfundo yokuxhuma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
Kuqeda amathuba okuba neziteshi ezishisayo ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kufakwe insimbi eyengeziwe ukuze kwandiswe ubukhulu bomsele wezimpande.
Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokufuduka okuphezulu nokuphansi phakathi kwezingxenye zamapayipi. Ngokudluliswa kwensimbi okubushelelezi, le nqubo ingavala kalula izikhala ezifika ku-1/2 amasentimitha.
Ubude be-arc buhlala njalo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-electrode inwetshiwe, okukhokhela ubunzima babasebenzi abakuthola kunzima ukugcina i-extension engaguquki. Ichibi lokushisela elilawulwa kalula kanye nokudluliselwa kwensimbi okufanayo kunganciphisa isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwabashiseli abasha.
Isikhathi sokungasebenzi esincishisiwe sokushintsha inqubo. Ucingo olufanayo kanye negesi yokuvikela ingasetshenziswa emiseleni yezimpande, yokugcwalisa kanye neyokumboza. Inqubo ye-pulsed GMAW ingasetshenziswa uma nje iziteshi zigcwalisiwe futhi zivalwe okungenani ngo-80% ngegesi yokuvikela i-argon.
Ukuze kusebenze i-backflush yensimbi engagqwali, kubalulekile ukulandela amathiphu amahlanu ayisihluthulelo ukuze kuphumelele ukushintshela enqubweni ye-GMAW ye-short circuit eguquliwe.
Hlanza amapayipi ngaphakathi nangaphandle ukuze ususe noma yikuphi ukungcola. Sebenzisa ibhulashi lensimbi elenzelwe insimbi engagqwali ukuze uhlanze ingemuva lejoyinti okungenani isentimitha elilodwa ukusuka onqenqemeni.
Sebenzisa insimbi yokugcwalisa insimbi engagqwali ene-silicon ephezulu njenge-316LSi noma i-308LSi. Okuqukethwe kwe-silicon okuphezulu kukhuthaza ukumanzisa kwechibi lokushisela futhi kusebenza njenge-deoxidizer.
Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, sebenzisa ingxube yegesi yesivikelo eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile inqubo, njenge-helium engu-90%, i-argon engu-7.5%, kanye ne-carbon dioxide engu-2.5%. Enye indlela i-argon engu-98% kanye ne-carbon dioxide engu-2%. Umhlinzeki wegesi yokushisela angase abe nezinye izincomo.
Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, sebenzisa isihloko esiyindilinga kanye nesihloko somsele wezimpande ukuze uthole indawo embozwe yigesi. I-nozzle eyindilinga ene-gas diffuser eyakhelwe ngaphakathi inikeza indawo embozwe kahle kakhulu.
Qaphela ukuthi ukusebenzisa inqubo ye-GMAW ye-short circuit eguquliwe engenagesi yokusekela kuholela enanini elincane lamanzi ngaphansi kwe-weld. Ngokuvamile iyaphela njengoba i-weld iphola futhi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zemboni kawoyela, izitshalo zikagesi kanye namakhemikhali kaphethroli.
UJim Byrne ungumphathi wezokuthengisa nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeMiller Electric Mfg. LLC, 1635 W. Spencer St., Appleton, WI 54912, 920-734-9821, www.millerwelds.com.
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