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Nidaam cusub oo ku salaysan dhalaalidda laser-ka xulashada si loo xakameeyo qaab-dhismeedka microstructure ee alaabta ee habka wax-soo-saarka ayaa la soo jeediyay. Farsamaynta waxay ku tiirsan tahay jiilka hirarka ultrasonic ee xoogga badan ee barkadda dhalaalka ah ee adag ee xoojinta-modulated laser irradiation.
wax soo saarka daro (AM) ee qaybo kakan-qaabeeya ayaa si weyn u koray tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo kala duwan oo ka mid ah hababka wax soo saarka lagu daro, oo ay ku jiraan dhalaalidda laser xulashada (SLM) 1,2,3, depositioning biraha laser toos ah4,5,6, dhalaalida alwaax electron7,8 iyo others9,10, Qaybaha ayaa laga yaabaa in cillad.This inta badan waxaa sabab u ah sifooyin gaar ah oo dhalaalaysa, balliga sare ee dhalaalaysa, qaboojiyaha sare, kakanaanta wareegyada kulaylka ee alaabta dhalaalaysa iyo dib u dhalaalka11, taas oo u horseedaysa korriinka hadhuudhka epitaxial iyo porosity mug leh12,13. Natiijooyinka waxay muujinayaan in , ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la xakameeyo gradients kulaylka, heerarka qaboojinta, iyo ka kooban alloy, ama codsan shoog jirka dheeraad ah iyada oo beeraha dibadda ee guryaha kala duwan (tusaale, ultrasound) si loo gaaro qaab-dhismeedka hadhuudh siman siman.
Daabacaado badan ayaa ka walaacsan saamaynta daaweynta gariirka ee habka adag ee hababka tuurista caadiga ah14,15.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, codsanaya duurka dibadda si ay u dhalaaliyaan bulk ma soo saaro wax la doonayo microstructure.If mugga wajiga dareeraha waa yar yahay, xaaladdu si weyn u beddelo. Xaaladdan oo kale, duurka dibadda si weyn u saameeyaa habka adkeysiga. Saamaynta Electromagnetic ayaa la tixgeliyey inta lagu guda jiro aad u xoogan. fields16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27, arc stirring28 and oscillation29, pulsed plasma arcs30,31 iyo hababka kale32 aagga subcooling ay sabab u tahay heerkulku hoos u dhacay iyo xoojinta ultrasound si ay u abuuraan crystallites cusub iyada oo loo marayo cavitation.
In shaqada this, waxaan baarnay suurtagalnimada in la beddelo qaab-dhismeedka hadhuudhka ahama austenitic by sonicating barkada dhalaalaysa la mowjadaha dhawaaqa dhalin by laser dhalaalaysa laftiisa.The xoojinta modulation ee dhacdada shucaaca laser on natiijada dhexdhexaad ah iftiinka-nuugista ee jiilka mowjadaha ultrasonic, taas oo beddeleysa microstructure ah ee material.This xoojinta LM modulation ka mid ah si fudud u daabacan karaan shucaaca hadda jira. ayaa lagu sameeyay taarikada birta ah ee aan la isku dhejin kuwaas oo sagxadaha ay soo gaadheen shucaaca laser-ka-habboon.Sidaas darteed, farsamo ahaan, daaweynta dusha laser-ka ayaa la sameeyaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii daaweynta laser-ka noocan oo kale ah lagu sameeyo dusha lakabka kasta, inta lagu jiro lakab-lakab-lakab dhismo-up, saamaynta mugga oo dhan ama qaybaha la doortay ee mugga ayaa la gaaray. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, haddii qaybta la dhisay lakabka lakabka lakabka, mugga daaweynta laserka ee lakab kasta.
Halka daawaynta ultrasonic gees-ku-salaysan ee ultrasonic, tamarta ultrasonic ee mowjadda dhawaaqa taagan ayaa loo qaybiyaa dhammaan qaybaha, halka xajmiga ultrasonic ee laser-ku-soo-baxa uu si aad ah ugu urursan yahay meel u dhow meesha shucaaca laysarka la nuugo.Isticmaalka sonotrode ee mashiinka sariirta budada ee SLM waa mid adag sababtoo ah dusha sare ee sariirta budada ah ee soo bandhigay shucaaca laysarka waa in uu sii ahaadaa mid taagan. Cadaadiska dhawaaqa wuxuu ku dhow yahay eber iyo xawaaraha qaybku wuxuu leeyahay xajmiga ugu sarreeya ee dusha sare ee qaybta. Cadaadiska dhawaaqa gudaha barkada dhalaalaysa oo dhan kama badan karo 0.1% cadaadiska ugu badan ee uu keeno madaxa alxanka, sababtoo ah hirarka ultrasonic ee hirarka ultrasonic oo leh inta jeer ee 20 kHz ee birta aan la taaban karin waa \ (\ sim 0.T) iyo qoto dheer oo ka yar. 0.3~\text {mm} \) .Sidaa darteed, saameynta ultrasound ee cavitation waxay noqon kartaa mid yar.
Waa in la ogaadaa in isticmaalka shucaaca laysarka ee xoojinta-modulated ee kaydinta birta laysarka ee tooska ah waa aag firfircoon oo cilmi-baaris ah35,36,37,38.
Saamaynta kulaylka ee dhacdada shucaaca laysarka ee dhexdhexaadka ah ayaa saldhig u ah ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan farsamooyinka laser 39, 40 ee qalabka wax lagu farsameeyo, sida jarida41, alxanka, adkeynta, drilling42, nadiifinta dusha sare, daawaynta dusha sare, polishing polishing43, iwm.
Waa in la ogaadaa in tallaabo kasta oo aan joogto ahayn oo ku saabsan dhexdhexaadinta, oo ay ku jiraan ficil lasing on dhexdhexaad ah nuugista, natiijada in excitation of mowjadaha acoustic ee ku dhex leh waxtarka badan ama ka yar. Bilowgii, diiradda ugu weyn waxay ahayd kicinta laser ee hirarka dareeraha ah iyo hababka excitation kulaylka kala duwan ee dhawaaqa (ballaarinta kulaylka, uumiga, uumi, 4 qandaraas inta lagu guda jiro marxaladda 4, iwm) 49. Hal-ku-dhigyo tiro badan50, 51, 52 ayaa bixiya falanqaynta aragtida ee habkan iyo codsiyadiisa la taaban karo.
Arrimahan ayaa markii dambe looga hadlay shirar kala duwan, iyo excitation laser ee ultrasound ayaa codsiyada labada codsiyada warshadaha ee technology laser53 iyo medicine54.Sidaas darteed, waxaa loo qaadan karaa in fikradda aasaasiga ah ee geeddi-socodka by kaas oo pulsed iftiinka laser dhaqmo on dhexdhexaad ah nuugista ayaa la aasaasay.Laser kormeerka ultrasonic waxaa loo isticmaalaa ogaanshaha cillad of SLM-sameeyayaasha soo saaray55,556.
Saamaynta mowjadaha shoogga laser-ka-soo-baxa ee alaabta ayaa saldhig u ah shoogga laser peening57,58,59, kaas oo sidoo kale loo isticmaalo daaweynta dusha sare ee qaybaha wax lagu daro ee la soo saaray60. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xoojinta shoogga laysarka ayaa ah mid waxtar leh oo ku saabsan xuubka laysarka ee nanosecond iyo sagxadaha si farsamaysan (tusaale, lakabka dareeraha) 59 sababtoo ah loading farsamo ayaa kordhiya cadaadiska ugu sarreeya.
Tijaabooyin ayaa la sameeyay si loo baaro saameynta suurtagalka ah ee beeraha jireed ee kala duwan ee microstructure ee qalabka adag. Jaantuska shaqeynta ee dejinta tijaabada ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 1. A pulsed Nd: YAG laser adag oo ku shaqeeya habka lacag-la'aanta ah (muddada garaaca wadnaha \ (\ tau _L \ sim 150 ~ upmu \ qoraalka {s} \ )) ayaa la isticmaalay filter dhexdhexaad ah. iyo nidaamka saxan kala qaybiyaha alwaax ah. Iyada oo ku xiran isku dhafka filtarrada cufnaanta dhexdhexaad ah, tamarta garaaca wadnaha ee bartilmaameedku way kala duwan tahay \ (E_L \ sim 20 ~ \ text {mJ} \) ilaa \ (E_L \ sim 100 ~\text {mJ} \) (photodiodes leh waqti jawaab celin dheer oo ka badan \(1~\text {ms}\))) ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo go'aamiyo dhacdada iyo ka tarjumaysa bartilmaameedka, iyo laba mitir koronto (sawiro leh waqtiyada jawaabta gaaban \(<10~\text {ns}\))) si loo go'aamiyo dhacdada iyo ka tarjumaysa awoodda indhaha. XLP12-3S-H2-D0 iyo muraayad dielectric ah oo lagu rakibay goobta muunada. Diirada saar laydhka bartilmaameedka adoo isticmaalaya muraayad (1.06 \ upmu \ text {m} \), dhererka focal \(160~\text {mm}
Jaantus shaxeed shaqaynaya ee habaynta tijaabada: 1-laser; 2-lambarka laser; 3- filter cufnaanta dhexdhexaadka ah; 4-photodiode la isku daray; 5-kala qaybsanaha biraha; 6 - diaphragm; 7-calorimeter ee iftiinka dhacdada; 8 - calorimitirka iftiinka iftiinka; 9 - mitirka korontada ee dhacdada; 10 - mitir koronto oo muuqda; 11 - muraayad diiradda; 12 - muraayad; 13 - muunad; 14 - transducer piezoelectric broadband; 15 - 2D beddele; 16 - meelaynta microcontroller; 17 - cutubka isku xidhka; 18 - nidaamka iibka dhijitaalka ah ee kanaalka badan oo leh heerar muunado kala duwan; 19 - kombuyuutar gaar ah.
Daaweynta Ultrasonic waxaa loo fuliyaa sida soo socota.Laysku wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa qaab bilaash ah; Sidaa darteed muddada garaaca laysarka waa \ (\ tau _L \ sim 150 ~ \ upmu \ text {s} \), kaas oo ka kooban dhowr durations oo ku dhawaad ​​\(1.5~\upmu \text {s} \) kasta. Qaabka ku meel gaadhka ah ee garaaca laysarka iyo spectrum ka kooban yahay baqshad hoose-frequency text iyo inta jeer ee \ \ celceliska \ \ 7. {MHz} \), sida ku cad Jaantuska 2.- Baqshadda soo noqnoqda waxay bixisaa kuleyliyaha iyo dhalaalka xiga iyo uumiga alaabta, halka qaybta soo noqnoqda sare ay bixiso gariirada ultrasonic sababtoo ah saamaynta sawir-qaadista.The waveform ee garaaca wadnaha ultrasonic ee uu dhaliyo laysarka ayaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa qaabka wakhtiga ee xoojinta garaaca laysarka. Waxay ka socotaa \ (7 ~\ qoraalka {kHz} \) ilaa \ (2 ~ \ qoraalka {MHz} \), iyo inta jeer ee xarunta waa \ (~ 0.7 ~\ qoraalka {MHz} \) garaaca laysarka ayaa ah mid ka mid ah laysarka habka xorta ah.
Qaybinta ku meel gaadhka ah ee xoojinta garaaca garaaca laysarka (a) iyo xawaaraha codka ee dusha dambe ee muunada (b), spectra of pulse pulse (c) iyo ultrasonic pulse (d) celcelis ahaan in ka badan 300 garaaca wadnaha laser (qalooca cas) ee hal garaaca leysarka (qalooca buluuga ah) .
Waxaan si cad u kala saari karnaa qaybaha hoose ee soo noqnoqda iyo kuwa sarreeya ee daaweynta dhawaaqa ee u dhiganta baqshadda hoose ee garaaca laysarka iyo is-beddelka heerka sare, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sidaa darteed, saameynta ugu weyn ee qaybaha soo noqnoqoshada sare ee ballaadhan ee dhawaaqa dhawaaqa ee qaab-dhismeedka yar yar ayaa la filayaa.
Hababka jireed ee SLM waa kuwo adag oo isku mar ku dhaca miisaan kala duwan oo ku meel gaar ah iyo kuwo ku meel gaar ah. Sidaa darteed, hababka kala duwan ayaa ugu habboon falanqaynta aragtida SLM. Moodooyinka xisaabtu waa in ay marka hore noqdaan kuwo badan oo jidheed. Farsamada iyo heerkulbeegga dhexdhexaadinta dhexdhexaadka ah "adag-dhaqaale dhalaalaysa" oo la falgala jawi gaas aan firfircoonayn.
Heerarka kuleylinta iyo qaboojinta ilaa \(10^6~\text {K}/\text {s}\) /\text{ iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay shucaaca leysarka gudaha oo leh cufnaanta koronto ilaa \(10^{13}~\text {W} cm}^2\).
Wareegga adkeysigu wuxuu socdaa inta u dhaxaysa 1 iyo \(10~\text {ms}\), kaas oo gacan ka geysta adkaynta degdega ah ee aagga dhalaalka inta lagu jiro qaboojinta.
Kuleylinta degdega ah ee natiijada sambalka natiijada in formation of stress thermoelastic sare ee lakabka dusha. Ku Filan (ilaa 20%) qayb ka mid ah lakabka budada ah si xoog leh uumi63, taas oo keenta in culayska cadaadiska dheeraadka ah ee dusha sare ee jawaab u ah ablation.Consequently, cadaadiska keentay si weyn u qalloocinta qaybta, gaar ahaan u dhow taageerooyinka iyo heerka kululaynta dhuuban ee walxaha laysarka sare ee unugyada laserpulsed. mowjadaha cidhiidhiga ah ee ka soo baxa dusha sare ilaa substrate.Si loo helo xog sax ah oo qiyaas ah oo ku saabsan walbahaarka maxalliga ah iyo qaybinta culeyska, jilitaanka mesoscopic ee dhibaatada qallafsanaanta laastikada ee ku xiran kuleylka iyo wareejinta ballaaran ayaa la sameeyaa.
Isle'egyada xukunka ee moodeelka waxaa ka mid ah (1) isla'egyada wareejinta kulaylka aan xasilloonayn halkaas oo dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylku ay ku xiran tahay heerka wajiga (budada, dhalaalka, polycrystalline) iyo heerkulka, (2) isbeddelka isbeddelka laastikada ka dib ablation joogto ah iyo isle'egyada ballaarinta thermoelastic. Dhibaatada qiimaha xadka waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa xaaladaha tijaabada ah. flux.The mass flux waxaa lagu qeexaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo xisaabinta cadaadiska uumiga buuxa ee walxaha uumibaxa {m} \ ) ee dhexroorka laydhka waxtarka leh.
Jaantuska 3 wuxuu muujinayaa natiijooyinka jilitaanka nambarada ee aagga dhalaalay iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaab xisaabeed makroscopic ah. Dhexroorka aagga fiyuuska waa \ (200 ~ \ upmu \ qoraalka {m} \) \(100~\text {K}\) sababtoo ah isugeynta sare ee isugeynta garaaca wadnaha \ (V_h \) iyo \ (V_c \) waxay keenaysaa kuleyl degdeg ah lakabka dusha sare, halkaasoo kuleylka kuleylka ee substrate-ka uusan ku filnayn inuu ka saaro kuleylka
Natiijooyinka jilitaanka nambarada ee aagga dhalaalka ah ee hal-abuurka garaaca wadnaha ee laser-ka ee saxanka muunada 316L. Waqtiga laga bilaabo bilawga garaaca wadnaha ilaa qoto dheer ee barkada dhalaalka ah ee gaarey qiimaha ugu sarreeya waa \ (180 ~ \ upmu \ qoraalka {s} \) . isotherm \ (T = T_L = 1723 ~ \ qoraalka ah ee dareeraha iyo xadka u dhexeeya {K} \) (xariiqaha jaalaha ah) waxay u dhigmaan cadaadiska wax-soo-saarka oo loo xisaabiyo sida heerkulka heerkulka qaybta soo socota. Sidaa darteed, qaybta u dhaxaysa labada isolines (isotherms \ (T = T_L \) iyo isobars \ (\ sigma = \ sigma _V (T) \)), marxaladda adag waxay la socotaa culeysyo farsamo oo xoog leh, taas oo horseedi karta isbeddel ku yimaada qaab-dhismeedka yar yar.
Saamayntan waxaa lagu sii sharxay Jaantuska 4a, halkaas oo heerka cadaadiska ee aagga dhalaalka ah loo qoondeeyey sida wakhtiga iyo fogaanta dusha sare. Marka hore, dabeecadda cadaadiska waxay la xiriirtaa isbeddelka xoojinta garaaca wadnaha laser ee lagu qeexay Jaantuska 2 ee kor ku xusan. Cadaadiska ugu sarreeya \ qoraalka {s} \) ee ku saabsan \ (10 ​​~\text {MPa} \) ee ku saabsan \ (10 ​​~\text {MPa} \) ayaa lagu arkay qiyaastii \ (t) . Cadaadiska maxalliga ah ee barta kontoroolka ayaa leh sifooyin isku mid ah oo la mid ah inta jeer ee \ (500 ~ \ qoraalka {kHz} \) .Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in mawjadaha cadaadiska ultrasonic ay ka soo baxaan dusha sare ka dibna ku faafiyaan substrate-ka.
Tilmaamaha la xisaabiyay ee aagga qallafsanaanta ee u dhow aagga dhalaalka ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 4b. Ablation laser iyo stress thermoelastic waxay dhalinayaan mowjado qallafsan oo ku faafa substrate-ka. Sida laga arki karo shaxanka, waxaa jira laba marxaladood oo walaac ah. Inta lagu jiro marxaladda koowaad ee \ (t <40 ~ upmu \ qoraalka {s} \), si ay ula socdaan {8 modulation ah oo la mid ah cadaadiska dusha sare. Cadaadiskaani wuxuu ku dhacaa sababtoo ah ciribtirka laysarka, mana jirin diiqad heerkulbeeg ah oo lagu arkay dhibcaha xakamaynta sababtoo ah aagga hore ee kulaylka ayaa aad u yaraaday.Marka kulaylka lagu daadiyo substrate-ka, barta xakamaynta waxay abuurtaa cadaadis heerkul sare oo ka sarreeya \ (40 ~ \ qoraalka {MPa} \).
Heerarka cadaadiska modulated ee la helay waxay saameyn weyn ku yeelan karaan isku-dhafka dareeraha adag waxaana laga yaabaa inay noqoto habka xakamaynta ee lagu maamulo waddada adkeynta.Baaxadda aagga qallafsanaantu waa 2 ilaa 3 jeer ka weyn kan aagga dhalaalka. Sida lagu muujiyey jaantuska 3, goobta isotherm dhalaalka iyo heerka cadaadiska siman ee cadaadiska wax-soo-saarka ayaa la barbardhigayaa. \(800~\upmu \text {m}\) waxay kuxirantahay waqtiga degdega ah.
Sidaa darteed, habaynta adag ee annealing laser pulsed waxay keenaysaa saamaynta ultrasonic. The microstructure dariiqa xulashada way ka duwan tahay haddii la barbardhigo SLM iyada oo aan lahayn loading ultrasonic.Gobollada qallafsan ee aan xasilloonayn waxay keenaan wareegyo xilliyeedka ah ee cadaadiska iyo fidinta ee wejiga adag. Sidaa darteed, samaynta xuduudaha cusub ee hadhuudhka iyo xuduudaha hoose waxay noqdaan kuwo macquul ah oo la heli karo. Gabagabada waxay bixisaa suurtogalnimada in la naqshadeeyo qaab-dhismeedka garaaca wadnaha ee ku-saleysan ultrasound-ka-qaadey prototype SLM. Xaaladdan, inductor piezoelectric 26 ee loo isticmaalo meelo kale waa laga saari karaa.
(a) Cadaadiska sida wakhtiga, lagu xisaabiyo masaafo kala duwan oo ka mid ah dusha 0, 20 iyo \ (40~\upmu \text {m} \) oo ay weheliyaan dhidibka summetry.
Tijaabooyinka waxaa lagu sameeyay AISI 321H taarikada birta aan lahayn ee cabbirka \ (20 \ jeer 20 \ jeer 5 ~ \ qoraalka {mm} \) . Ka dib garaac kasta oo laser ah, saxanku wuu dhaqaaqaa \ (50 ~ \ upmu \ text {m} \), dhexda laysarka dhexda ee dusha bartilmaameedku waxay ku saabsan tahay \ (100 ~ \ kor u dhaafi \ 5) . sameeyey weheliyaan track la mid ah si ay u keenaan remelting ee walxaha warshadaysan ee sifaynta hadhuudhka.In dhammaan kiisaska, zone remelted ahaa sonicated, ku xiran tahay qaybta oscillatory ee radiation laser.This natiijada in ka badan 5-laab hoos u dhigista celceliska hadhuudhka.Jaantuska 5 muujinaysaa sida microstructure ee gobolka laser-dhalatay isbeddelo iyadoo tirada wareegyada soo socda dib u soo celin.
Shirqoolo-hoosaadyo (a,d,g,j) iyo (b,e,h,k) - qaab-dhismeed-yar oo ah gobollada dhalaalay laysarka, qoryo-hoosaadyo (c,f,i,l) - qaybinta aagga miraha midabka leh. Midabku waxay u dhigmaan gobollada hadhuudhka (fiiri bar midabka sare ee histogram-ka. Qayb-hoosaadyada (ac) waxay u dhigmaan birta aan la daweynin, iyo subplots (df), (gi), (jl) waxay u dhigantaa 1, 3 iyo 5 remelts.
Maaddaama tamarta garaaca laysarka aysan isbeddelin inta u dhaxaysa baasaska xiga, qoto dheer ee aagga dhalaalka ah waa isku mid.Sidaas darteed, kanaalka soo socda ayaa si buuxda u "daboolaya" kii hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, histogram-ku wuxuu muujinayaa in celceliska iyo dhexdhexaadiyaha hadhuudhka uu hoos u dhaco tirada sii kordheysa ee baasaska. Tani waxay muujin kartaa in leysku uu ku shaqeynayo substrate halkii dhalaali lahaa.
Sifaynta hadhuudhka waxaa laga yaabaa inay sababto qaboojinta degdega ah ee barkada dhalaalaysa65. Tijaabooyin kale oo tijaabo ah ayaa la fuliyay taas oo dusha sare ee taarikada birta ah (321H iyo 316L) ay soo gaadheen shucaaca laser-ka ee joogtada ah ee jawiga (Jaantus. 6) iyo faaruq (Jaantus. 7) . Celceliska awoodda laser (300 W iyo 100) ee qoto dheer ee tijaabada ah ee qoto dheer ee W, natiijada barkada qoto dheer Nd:YAG laser ee qaabka orodka xorta ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaab-dhismeedka columnar caadiga ah ayaa la arkay.
Microstructure ee gobolka laysarka-dhalaalay ee leysarka mowjadaha joogtada ah (300 W awood joogto ah, 200 mm/s xawaaraha iskaanka, AISI 321H birta ah).
(a) Microstructure iyo (b) sawirada dib-u-soo-celinta elektarooniga ah ee gobolka laysarka-ku-dhalay ee faakuumka leh laser mowjad joogto ah (100 W awood joogto ah, 200 mm / s xawaaraha iskaanka, AISI 316L ahama) \ (\sim 2 ~ \ qoraalka {mbar} \).
Sidaa darteed, waxaa si cad loo muujiyay in habaynta adag ee xoojinta garaaca laysarka ay saameyn weyn ku leedahay natiijada microstructure.We waxay aaminsan tahay in saameyntani ay tahay farsamada dabiiciga ah waxayna dhacdaa iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay jiilka gariirrada ultrasonic ee faafinaya dusha sare ee dhalaalidda qoto dheer ee sample. Natiijooyinka la mid ah ayaa laga helay 13, 26, 34, 66, 67 transduce transduce transduce transduce transduce transduces iyo transduce transduce transduce transduce transduce transduces si ay u isticmaalaan transduce transduce transduce transduce. qalab kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan Ti-6Al-4V daawaha 26 iyo birta 34 natiijada of. Farsamaynta suurtogalka ah waxaa lagu qiyaasaa sida soo socota. Ultrasound daran waxay keeni kartaa cavitation acoustic, sida lagu muujiyay in ultrafast in goobta synchrotron X-ray imaging. Burburkii goobooyin cavitation ah markeeda dhalin hirarka naxdinta leh ee hore \ 1000 text ku saabsan, {MPa}\)
Halkan, waxaan soo jeedinaynaa farsamo kale oo ka mas'uul ah wax ka beddelka qaab-dhismeedka by sonication aad u daran. Isla markiiba ka dib xoojinta, maaddadu waxay ku jirtaa heerkul sare oo u dhow barta dhalaalka waxayna leedahay cadaadis dhalidda aad u hooseeya. hirarka ultrasonic ee daran waxay keeni karaan socodka caag ah si ay u beddelaan qaab dhismeedka hadhuudhka ah ee kulul, wax kaliya oo la adkeeyay 8.Sidaas darteed, si loo tijaabiyo mala-awaalkan, waxaanu samaynay jilitaanka molecular dynamics (MD) ee ka kooban Fe-Cr-Ni oo la mid ah AISI 316 L steel si loo qiimeeyo habdhaqanka cadaadiska wax-soo-saarka ee u dhow barta dhalaalka. Model (EAM) laga bilaabo 74.MD jilitaanka ayaa lagu sameeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo koodhka LAMMPS 75,76. Faahfaahinta jilitaanka MD ayaa lagu daabici doonaa meelo kale. Natiijooyinka xisaabinta MD ee diiqada dhalidda sida heerkulka heerkulka ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 8 oo ay weheliyaan xogta tijaabada ah ee la heli karo iyo qiimeyno kale77,78,79,80,81,82.
Soo saarida diiqada ee darajada AISI 316 austenitic ahama birta iyo qaabka qaabaynta ka soo horjeeda heerkulka jilitaanka MD. Cabbirrada tijaabada ah ee tixraacyada: (a) 77, (b) 78, (c) 79, (d) 80, (e) 81. tixraac. wax soo saarka dheeriga ah.Natiijooyinka jilitaanka MD ee baaxadda weyn ee daraasaddan waxaa lagu tilmaamay sida \ (\ vartriangleleft \) ee cilad-la'aan ah oo aan xadidneyn oo hal crystal ah iyo \ (\ vartriangleright \) ee badar xaddidan iyada oo la tixgelinayo celceliska cabbirka hadhuudhka iyada oo loo marayo xiriirka Hall-Petch Dimensions \ (d = 50 ~ \ upmu \ }).
Waxaa la arki karaa in at \ (T> 1500 ~\ qoraalka {K} \) walaaca dhalidda hoos u dhaco \ (40 ~\ qoraalka {MPa} \) . Dhanka kale, qiyaasuhu waxay saadaaliyaan in baaxadda ultrasonic laser-abuuray ka badan yahay \ (40 ~\ text {MPa} \) (eeg sawirka 4b).
Samaynta qaab-dhismeed-yar ee 12Cr18Ni10Ti (AISI 321H) birta aan lahayn austenitic inta lagu guda jiro SLM ayaa si tijaabo ah loo baaray iyadoo la adeegsanayo il leyser oo xoog leh oo isku dhafan.
Dhimista cabbirka hadhuudhka ee aagga dhalaalidda laysarka ayaa la helay sababtoo ah dib-u-dhalashada laser-ka ee joogtada ah kadib 1, 3 ama 5.
Nashqadaynta makroscopic waxay muujinaysaa in qiyaasta lagu qiyaasay ee gobolka halkaas oo qallafsanaanta ultrasonic ay si togan u saameyn karto hore ee xoojinta waa ilaa \ (1 ~ \ qoraalka {mm} \).
Qaabka MD-ga yar wuxuu muujinayaa in awoodda wax-soo-saarka AISI 316 austenitic birta aan lahayn si weyn loo dhimay ilaa \(40 ~\ qoraalka {MPa} \) oo u dhow barta dhalaalka.
Natiijooyinka la helay waxay soo jeedinayaan habka lagu xakameynayo qaab-dhismeedka yar-yar ee agabka iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamaynta laysarka la hagaajiyay waxayna u adeegi kartaa aasaas u ah abuurista isbeddel cusub oo farsamada SLM ah.
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