Utwuma duhindura ubushyuhe bw'amasahani turiho mu nganda nyinshi kandi ahanini dukoresha amasahani y'icyuma kugira ngo twohereze ubushyuhe hagati y'amazi abiri.
Ikoreshwa ryabyo riri kwiyongera cyane kuko biruta ibyuma bisanzwe bihindura ubushyuhe (ubusanzwe umuyoboro urimo amazi umwe unyura mu cyumba kirimo andi mazi) kuko amazi akonjeshwa ni yo ahura cyane n’ubuso, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera kandi bikongera cyane umuvuduko w’impinduka z’ubushyuhe.
Aho kugira ngo imiyoboro inyure mu byumba, mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe mu gikoni, hari ibyumba bibiri bisimburana, akenshi bifite ubujyakuzimu buto, bitandukanyijwe n'ibipande by'icyuma bikozwe mu cyuma ku buso bwabyo bunini. Icyumba ni gito, kuko ibi bituma ingano y'amazi menshi ihura n'ibipande, bigafasha mu guhindura ubushyuhe.
Ubusanzwe bene ibyo byuma byo guhanahana ubushyuhe byakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukata cyangwa imashini zisanzwe nko gushushanya mu buryo bwimbitse, ariko vuba aha byagaragaye ko gukata hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya photochemical (PCE) ari bwo buryo bwiza kandi buhendutse bwo gukora buboneka muri ubu buryo bukomeye. Gukata hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi (ECM) ni ubundi buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bushobora gukora ibice bisobanutse neza mu byiciro, ariko ubu buryo busaba ishoramari ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane, bugarukira ku bikoresho bitwara amashanyarazi, bukoresha ingufu nyinshi, imiterere n'ikorwa ry'ibikoresho biragoye, kandi igikoresho cyo gukora ibikoresho Ingese y'ibikoresho by'imashini n'ibikoresho byayo yahoraga ibabaza umutwe.
Akenshi, impande zombi z'icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe cya plate ziba zifite ibintu bigoye cyane rimwe na rimwe bidashobora gukandwa no gucukurwa, ariko byoroshye kubigeraho hakoreshejwe PCE. Byongeye kandi, PCE ishobora gukora ibintu ku mpande zombi z'icyuma icyarimwe, bigatuma igihe kigabanuka, kandi inzira ishobora gukoreshwa ku byuma bitandukanye, harimo icyuma kitagira umugese, Inconel 617, aluminiyumu, na titaniyumu.
Bitewe n'imiterere imwe n'imwe y'iyi gahunda, PCE itanga ubundi buryo bwiza bwo gukaranga no gutunganya mu byuma bikoreshwa mu byuma. Ikoresheje photoresist na etchant mu gutunganya neza ahantu hatoranijwe hifashishijwe imiti, iyi gahunda ifite imiterere y'ibikoresho bibitswe, ibice bidafite imitsi n'ibice bifite imiterere isukuye kandi nta bice byagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gukata amazi butanga imiterere myiza y'uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi bukoreshwa mu gipande. Izi nyubako nta mfuruka n'inkombe bifite bishobora kwangirika.
Ukoresheje uburyo bworoshye bwo gusubiramo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki cyangwa ibirahuri, PCE itanga uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bihendutse, bunoze kandi bwihuse aho gukoresha uburyo gakondo bwo gukora ibikoresho no gusiga. Ibi bivuze ko izigama amafaranga menshi mu gukora ibikoresho by’icyitegererezo, kandi bitandukanye n’uburyo bwo gusiga no gusiga, nta bikoresho byangirika cyangwa ikiguzi bijyana no kongera gukata ibyuma.
Gukoresha imashini no gukata bishobora gutanga umusaruro utari mwiza ku byuma biri ku murongo ucagaguye, akenshi bigahindura imiterere y'ibikoresho biri gukorwa bigasiga imiyoboro, uturere twagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe, ndetse n'utundi duce twongeye guhindurwa. Byongeye kandi, bihatira kuzuza imiterere ikenewe ku bice bito, bigoye kandi bisobanutse neza by'icyuma nk'amasahani yo guhanahana ubushyuhe.
Ikindi kintu cyo gusuzuma mu guhitamo inzira ni ubugari bw'ibikoresho bigomba gukorerwamo imashini. Inzira gakondo zikunze guhura n'ingorane iyo zikoreshejwe mu gutunganya ibyuma bito, gusiga no gusiga muri sitampu akenshi ntizikwiriye, mu gihe guca amazi hakoreshejwe laser bitera urwego rudasanzwe kandi rudakwiye rwo guhindura ubushyuhe no gucikamo ibice, uko bikurikirana. Nubwo PCE ishobora gukoreshwa mu bunini butandukanye bw'ibyuma, ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko ishobora gukora ku mpapuro z'icyuma zoroshye, nk'izikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa plate, nta kwangiza ubugari, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane ku buziranenge bw'iteraniro.
Ahantu h'ingenzi hakoreshwa plaque ni mu bikoresho bya lisansi bikozwe mu byuma bita fluid, aluminiyumu, nikeli, titaniyumu, umuringa n'ibindi bikoresho byihariye.
Byagaragaye ko ibyuma biri mu tunyangingo twa lisansi bifite inyungu nyinshi kurusha ibindi bikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, birakomeye cyane, bitanga amashanyarazi meza cyane kugira ngo bikonje neza, bishobora gukorwa bito cyane hakoreshejwe gukata, bigatuma habaho uduce duto, kandi nta mpande z'icyerekezo zigira mu muyoboro. Amasahani ashobora gukorwa kandi imiyoboro igakorwa icyarimwe, kandi nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru, nta bushyuhe bukabije bukorwa mu cyuma, bigatuma kiba kidasa neza.
Uburyo bwa PCE butuma habaho ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu byose ku bipimo by’amakuru, harimo n’ubujyakuzimu bw’aho umwuka unyura n’imiterere yawo, kandi bushobora gukora ibice bikurikije uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko.
Izindi nganda zikoresha impapuro zashushanyijeho imiti zirimo moteri zikoresha umurongo, inganda zikora mu kirere, inganda zikora peteroli n’izikora imiti. Nyuma yo gukora, amasahani arashyirwa hamwe hanyuma agashyirwa hamwe kugira ngo habeho igice cy’inyuma cy’icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe byarangiye bishobora kuba bito inshuro esheshatu ugereranije n’ibisanzwe bihindura ubushyuhe bya “shell and tube”, bitanga umwanya mwiza n’uburemere.
Utwuma duhindura ubushyuhe twakozwe hakoreshejwe PCE natwo turakomeye cyane kandi dukora neza, dushobora kwihanganira igitutu cya bar 600 mu gihe twihuza n'ubushyuhe kuva kuri cryogenics kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 900. Birashoboka guhuza inzira zirenze ebyiri zo gutunganya ibintu mu gice kimwe no kuzuza ibisabwa ku miyoboro na valves biragabanuka cyane. Uburyo bwo gukora no kuvanga bishobora no gushyirwa mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'uruganda ruhindura ubushyuhe, bigatuma imikorere yarwo igabanuka.
Ibisabwa muri iki gihe kugira ngo ubushyuhe bushobore gukwirakwizwa neza kandi buzigame umwanya bitera imbogamizi zikomeye ku bahanga benshi mu by’iterambere. Gukoresha ibice byinshi mu ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga riciriritse bitera ahantu hashyushye cyane, hasaba ko ubushyuhe bukwirakwizwa neza kugira ngo burambe igihe kirekire.
Hakoreshejwe 2D na 3D PCE, imiyoboro mito ifite ubugari n'ubujyakuzimu byagenwe ishobora gukorwa mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe kugira ngo hatoranywe ibikoresho bikwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu gace gato. Nta mupaka uhari ku miterere y'imiyoboro ishoboka.
Byongeye kandi, kubera ko inzira yo gushushanya ituma habaho udushya mu gushushanya no kwishyira ukizana mu buryo bw’ubuhanga, urujya n’uruza rw’amazi rutandukanye n’urujya n’uruza rw’amazi rushobora gutezwa imbere binyuze mu gukoresha impande n’ubujyakuzimu by’imiyoboro y’amazi. Urujya n’uruza rw’amazi mu buryo bukonjesha bivuze ko icyuma gikonjesha gihura n’isoko ry’ubushyuhe gihora gihinduka, bigatuma ubushyuhe burushaho gukora neza. Uko guhindagurika no kudakora neza mu miyoboro mito mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe byoroha gukorwa na PCE, ariko ntibishoboka cyangwa ntibihenze kubikoresha hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo bwo gukora.
Inzobere muri PCE micrometal GmbH ikoresha ibikoresho bya optoelectronic bihendutse kugira ngo ikore ibikoresho byiza kandi bifite urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubuhanga bushobora gusubiramo.
Amasahani ya microchannel imwe imwe ashobora gushyirwaho (urugero, hakoreshejwe gusudira) ku bumenyi butandukanye bwa 3D. Micrometal ikoresha umuyoboro w'abafatanyabikorwa b'inararibonye uha abakiriya amahitamo yo kugura amasahani ya microchannel imwe imwe cyangwa ibice by'ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe bya microchannel.
Ikintu gifite imiterere y'icyuma kandi kigizwe n'ibintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi bya shimi, nibura kimwe muri byo kikaba icyuma.
Gabanya ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwiyongera ku gice cy'igikoresho/igikorwa mu gihe cyo gukora. Akenshi biba mu buryo bw'amazi, nk'ibivanze bishonga cyangwa ibinyabutabire (bikozwe mu buryo bwa semi-synthetic, synthetic), ariko bishobora no kuba umwuka ushyushye cyangwa indi myuka. Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ubushyuhe bwinshi, amazi akoreshwa cyane nk'ikintu gikonjesha n'igitwara ibintu bitandukanye byo gukata, kandi igipimo cy'amazi ku kintu gitandukanye gitandukana bitewe n'umurimo wo gukora. Reba amazi yo gukata; amazi yo gukata akozwe mu buryo bwa semi-synthetic; amazi yo gukata amavuta ashongeshwa; amazi yo gukata akozwe mu buryo bwa semi-synthetic.
1. Ikwirakwizwa ry'igice muri gaze, amazi, cyangwa ibintu bikomeye bituma imiterere ihinduka kimwe mu bice byose. 2. Atome cyangwa molekile byimukira ahantu hashya mu bikoresho.
Igikorwa aho amashanyarazi anyura hagati y’icyuma gikoreshwa n’igikoresho gikoresha amashanyarazi binyuze muri electrolyte. Gitangiza uburyo bwa shimi bushongesha icyuma gikoreshwa ku gikoresho ku muvuduko ugenzurwa. Bitandukanye n’uburyo busanzwe bwo gukata, gukomera kw’icyuma si ikintu cy’ingenzi, bigatuma ECM ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bigoye gukoresha imashini. Mu buryo bwo gusya amashanyarazi, gukosora amashanyarazi no guhindura amashanyarazi.
Kimwe n'imikorere ya moteri izunguruka mu gikoresho cy'imashini, moteri izunguruka ishobora gufatwa nka moteri isanzwe izunguruka ya magnet ihoraho, igacibwa hagati, hanyuma igakurwaho ikagashyirwa hasi. Inyungu nyamukuru yo gukoresha moteri zizunguruka kugira ngo ziyobore uruziga ni uko bikuraho imikorere mibi n'itandukaniro rya tekiniki riterwa na sisitemu zo guteranya umupira zikoreshwa mu bikoresho byinshi bya CNC.
Ibice binini bifite intera yagutse mu miterere y'ubuso. Shyiramo ibitagenda neza byose bifite intera yagutse kurusha uko igikoresho gihagaze. Reba Flow; Lie; Ubukana.
Dr. Michael J. Hicks ni Umuyobozi w'Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi mu by'Ubucuruzi n'Ubukungu akaba na Porofeseri w'icyubahiro wa George na Francis Ball mu by'Ubukungu muri Kaminuza ya Ball State School of Business. Hicks yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (PhD) na MA mu by'Ubukungu muri Kaminuza ya Tennessee n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu by'Ubukungu muri Kaminuza ya Virginia. Yanditse ibitabo bibiri n'ibitabo birenga 60 by'ubushakashatsi byibanda kuri politiki ya leta n'iya leta, harimo politiki y'imisoro n'ikoreshwa ry'amafaranga ndetse n'ingaruka za Walmart ku bukungu bw'abaturage.