Zvinhu zvinochinja-chinja kupisa kwemaplate zviripo mumaindasitiri akawanda uye zvinonyanya kushandisa maplate esimbi kufambisa kupisa pakati pemvura mbiri.
Kushandiswa kwavo kuri kukura nekukurumidza nekuti vanobudirira kupfuura zvinochinja-chinja zvechinyakare (kazhinji chubhu yakamonerwa ine mvura imwe inopfuura nemukamuri ine imwe mvura) nekuti mvura iri kutonhodzwa inosangana zvakanyanya pamusoro penzvimbo, izvo zvinovandudza kutamiswa kwekupisa uye zvinowedzera zvakanyanya mwero wekushanduka kwekushisa.
Panzvimbo pekuti ma coil apfuure nemumakamuri, mu plate heat exchanger, kune makamuri maviri anochinjana, anowanzova akadzama, akaparadzaniswa nema corrugated metal plates panzvimbo dzawo huru. Kamuri racho rakatetepa, sezvo izvi zvichiita kuti huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura hubatane neplate, zvichibatsira kuchinjana kupisa.
Maplate akadaro ekuchinjana kupisa agara achigadzirwa achishandisa stamping kana machining echinyakare akadai sekudhirowa kwakadzika, asi munguva pfupi yapfuura photochemical etching (PCE) yakaratidza kuva nzira yekugadzira inoshanda uye inodhura zvishoma inowanikwa pakushandisa uku kwakasimba. Electrochemical Machining (ECM) imwe tekinoroji inogona kugadzira zvikamu zvakanyatsonaka muzvikamu, asi maitiro aya anoda mari yakawanda yekutanga, anongogumira pazvinhu zvinofambisa mhepo, anoshandisa simba rakawanda, dhizaini nekugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvakaoma, uye workpiece Kuora kwezvishandiso zvemuchina nemidziyo kwagara kuri musoro.
Kazhinji, mativi ese eplate heat exchanger ane zvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru izvo dzimwe nguva zvisingakwanise kudhindwa uye kugadzirwa, asi zvinowanikwa nyore nyore uchishandisa PCE. Pamusoro pezvo, PCE inogona kugadzira zvinhu kumativi ese eplate panguva imwe chete, zvichichengetedza nguva yakawanda, uye maitiro acho anogona kushandiswa kune akasiyana-siyana simbi, kusanganisira simbi isina ngura, Inconel 617, aruminiyamu, uye titanium.
Nekuda kwehumwe hunhu hwemaitiro aya, PCE inopa imwe nzira inoyevedza yekuisa stamping uye kugadzira simbi mumashandisirwo esimbi. Ichishandisa photoresist uye etchant kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa nemakemikoro, maitiro aya ane hunhu hwakachengetedzwa hwezvinhu, zvikamu zvisina burr uye stress zvine contours dzakachena uye hapana nzvimbo dzinokanganiswa nekupisa. Pamusoro pezvo, fluid etching medium inogadzira chimiro chakakodzera che fluid cooling medium inoshandiswa muplate. Zvivakwa izvi hazvina makona nemipendero inogona kubatwa nengura.
Pamwe chete nekuti PCE inoshandisa maturusi edhijitari kana egirazi anodzokororwa zviri nyore uye asingadhuri, inopa imwe nzira yekugadzira inodhura, yakarurama uye inokurumidza pane nzira dzechinyakare dzekugadzira nekusimbisa. Izvi zvinoreva kuchengetedza mari yakawanda pakugadzira maturusi emuenzaniso, uye kusiyana nematurusi ekusimbisa nekusimbisa, hapana kupera kwezvishandiso uye mutengo unobatanidzwa nekucheka simbi zvakare.
Kugadzira michina nekuisa zvidhinha kunogona kuburitsa mhedzisiro isina kunaka pasimbi iri pamutsetse wekucheka, zvichiwanzochinja chimiro chechinhu chiri kugadzirwa uye zvichisiya maburi, nzvimbo dzinenge dzakanganiswa nekupisa, uye machira akagadziriswazve. Pamusoro pezvo, vanoedza kusangana nehukuru hwesimbi hunodiwa pazvikamu zvidiki, zvakaoma, uye zvakanyatsojeka zvakaita semaplate ekuchinjana kupisa.
Chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezvacho pakusarudza maitiro ndiko kukora kwezvinhu zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa nemuchina. Maitiro echinyakare anowanzo kusangana nematambudziko kana akashandiswa pakugadzirisa simbi yakatetepa, kudhinda nekudhinda muzviitiko zvakawanda hazvina kukodzera, nepo kucheka nelaser nemvura zvichikonzera kusawirirana uye kusagamuchirika kwekushanduka kwekupisa uye kupatsanuka kwezvinhu, zvichiteerana. Kunyange zvazvo PCE ichigona kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi, chinhu chikuru ndechekuti inogona kushanda pamapepa esimbi akatetepa, akadai seaya anoshandiswa mu plate heat exchangers, pasina kukanganisa kutsetseka, izvo zvakakosha pakuvimbika kwekubatanidzwa.
Nzvimbo huru inoshandiswa maplates ndeyekushandiswa kwema fuel cell akagadzirwa nesimbi isingatsvi, aruminiyamu, nickel, titanium, copper uye mhando dzakasiyana dzealloys.
Maplate esimbi ari mumafuel cells akaonekwa aine zvakanakira zvakawanda kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu. Panguva imwe chete, akasimba kwazvo, anopa conductivity yemagetsi yakanaka kwazvo kuti atonhore zviri nani, anogona kugadzirwa akatetepa zvikuru achishandisa etching, zvichikonzera mastacks mapfupi, uye haana magumo ekunongedzera mukati mechiteshi. Maplate anogona kugadzirwa uye machannel anogadzirwa panguva imwe chete, uye sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, hapana kushushikana kwekupisa kunogadzirwa musimbi, zvichiita kuti ive yakati sandara zvachose.
Maitiro ePCE anovimbisa kushivirira kunodzokororwa pamatanho ese ebhodhi remakiyi, kusanganisira kudzika kwemhepo uye manifold geometry, uye anogona kugadzira zvikamu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pakudonha kwepressure.
Mamwe maindasitiri anoshandisa machira akachekwa nemakemikari anosanganisira mamota emagetsi, maindasitiri emuchadenga, maindasitiri emafuta nemakemikari. Mushure mekugadzirwa, maplate acho anounganidzwa uye kupararira kunosanganiswa kana kusungirirwa pamwe chete kuti pave nepakati pemuchina wekupisa. Magadzirirwo ekupisa apedzwa anogona kuva madiki katanhatu pane echinyakare e "shell and tube", zvichipa nzvimbo yakanaka uye huremu.
Zvinochinja-chinja kupisa zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa PCE zvakasimba uye zvinoshanda, zvinokwanisa kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwe600 bar uku zvichichinjika kumhando yetembiricha kubva pa cryogenics kusvika 900 degrees Celsius. Zvinokwanisika kusanganisa nzira dzinopfuura mbiri dzekugadzirisa muyuniti imwe chete uye kusangana nezvinodiwa pamapombi uye mavharuvhu zvinoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kuita nekusanganisa zvinogonawo kubatanidzwa mudhizaini yeplate heat exchanger, zvichiwedzera mashandiro muyuniti imwe chete.
Zvinodiwa nhasi zvekubvisa kupisa zvinobudirira uye zvinochengetedza nzvimbo zvinopa matambudziko makuru kune mainjiniya mazhinji ekugadzira. Kudzikisa zvinhu zvakawanda mu tekinoroji yemagetsi ne microsystem kunogadzira zvinonzi nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinopisa, izvo zvinoda kudzikisa kupisa zvakakwana kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Uchishandisa 2D ne3D PCE, ma microchannel ane upamhi hwakatsanangurwa uye kudzika kwakatarwa anogona kugadzirwa muzvishandiso zvekupisa kuti zvisarudzwe nzira dzekupisa munzvimbo diki. Hapana muganho kune magadzirirwo ema channel angangovepo.
Uyezve, sezvo maitiro ekucheka achikurudzira hunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye rusununguko rwejometri, kuyerera kwemhepo kwakasiyana nekuyerera kwemvura kunogona kusimudzirwa kuburikidza nekushandisa mipendero yemigero ine wavy uye kudzika. Kuyerera kwemhepo munzvimbo inotonhorera zvinoreva kuti chinhu chinotonhodza chinosangana nechinhu chinopisa chiri kuchinja nguva dzose, izvo zvinoita kuti kuchinjana kwekupisa kuve nyore. Kukanganiswa kwakadaro uye kusarongeka muma microchannels muma heat exchangers zvinogadzirwa zviri nyore nePCE, asi hazvigoneki kana kuti zvinodhura kugadzira uchishandisa mamwe maitiro ekugadzira.
Nyanzvi yePCE micrometal GmbH inoshandisa maturusi emagetsi epamusoro-soro ane mutengo unokwikwidzana kuti igadzire maworkpiece emhando yepamusoro ane mwero wepamusoro wekururama kunodzokororwa.
Mapureti ema microchannel ega ega anogona kunamirwa (semuenzaniso, nekusanganisa midziyo) kune akasiyana-siyana e3D geometries. micrometal inoshandisa network yevashandi vane ruzivo iyo inopa vatengi sarudzo yekutenga ma microchannel plates ega ega kana ma integral microchannel heat exchanger blocks.
Chinhu chine hunhu hwesimbi uye chine zvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura zvemakemikari, chimwe chazvo chiri simbi.
Deredza kuwedzera kwekupisa kwemvura pachishandiswa chishandiso/basa panguva yekugadzira. Kazhinji muchimiro chemvura, senge musanganiswa unonyunguduka kana wemakemikari (semi-synthetic, synthetic), asi inogonawo kuva mhepo ine simba kana mamwe magasi. Nekuda kwekugona kwayo kupinza kupisa kwakawanda, mvura inoshandiswa zvakanyanya semuchina wekutonhodza uye wekutakura mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yekucheka, uye chiyero chemvura kune compound chinosiyana zvichienderana nebasa rekugadzira. Ona mvura yekucheka; mvura yekucheka isina synthetic; mvura yekucheka isina mafuta inonyunguduka; mvura yekucheka isina synthetic.
1. Kupararira kwechinhu mugasi, mvura, kana chakasimba chinoita kuti chimiro chacho chifanane muzvikamu zvese. 2. Atomu kana molekyuru zvinongoerekana zvaenda kunzvimbo itsva mukati mechinhu chacho.
Kushanda uko magetsi anoyerera pakati pechinhu chebasa nechishandiso chinofambisa magetsi kuburikidza neelectrolyte. Inotanga maitiro emakemikari anonyungudutsa simbi kubva pachinhu chebasa nedanho rakadzorwa. Kusiyana nenzira dzekucheka dzechinyakare, kuomarara kwechinhu chebasa hakusi chinhu, zvichiita kuti ECM ive yakakodzera kune zvinhu zvakaoma kushandisa muchina. Muchimiro chekukuya kwemagetsi, kukwenenzvera magetsi uye kutenderedza magetsi.
Kushanda kwakafanana nemota inotenderera iri muchishandiso chemuchina, mota ine mutsara inogona kufungidzirwa semota inotenderera yemagineti inogara iripo, inochekwa pakati, yobva yabviswa yoiswa yakati sandara. Chinhu chikuru chekushandisa mota dzine mutsara kufambisa axis kufamba ndechekuti inobvisa kusashanda zvakanaka uye kusiyana kwemuchina kunokonzerwa nemasisitimu ekubatanidza screws ebhora anoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvakawanda zvemuchina weCNC.
Zvikamu zvakafara zvakafara pamusoro pemagadzirirwo echinhu. Isa zvinhu zvisina kurongeka zvakafara kupfuura zvakatarwa nechikamu chekucheka kwechinhu. Ona Kuyerera; Kunyepa; Kushata.
Dr. Michael J. Hicks ndiye Mutungamiriri weCenter for Business and Economic Research uye George and Francis Ball Distinguished Purofesa weEconomics paBall State University's Miller School of Business. Hicks akawana Ph.D. yake neMA muEconomics kubva kuYunivhesiti yeTennessee uye BA muEconomics kubva kuVirginia Military Institute. Akanyora mabhuku maviri nemabhuku anopfuura makumi matanhatu anotarisa pamusoro pemutemo wenyika neveruzhinji, kusanganisira mutemo wemitero nekushandisa mari uye kukanganisa kweWalmart pahupfumi hwenharaunda.