Osinthanitsa kutentha kwa mbale amapezeka m'mafakitale ambiri ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zachitsulo kusamutsa kutentha pakati pa madzi awiri.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo kukukulirakulira chifukwa amaposa zotenthetsera zachikhalidwe (kawirikawiri chubu chophimbidwa chokhala ndi madzimadzi amodzi omwe amadutsa m’chipinda chokhala ndi madzi ena) chifukwa madzi amene aziziritsidwa ndi kukhudzana kwapamwamba kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kutenthedwe ndipo kumawonjezera kwambiri kusintha kwa kutentha.
M'malo mwazitsulo zodutsa m'zipinda, muzitsulo za kutentha kwa mbale, pali zipinda ziwiri zosinthira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozama kwambiri, zolekanitsidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo pamtunda wawo waukulu kwambiri.Chipindacho ndi chochepa kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimatsimikizira kuti madzi ambiri amadzimadzi amalumikizana ndi mbale, kuthandizira kusinthana kwa kutentha.
Mitengo yotereyi yotentha yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito masitampu kapena makina ochiritsira monga kujambula kozama, koma posachedwa photochemical etching (PCE) yatsimikizira kuti ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo yopangira mphamvu yomwe ikupezeka pakugwiritsa ntchito molimbika kwambiri. kupanga ndi kupanga zida ndizovuta, ndi workpiece Kuwonongeka kwa zida zamakina ndi zida zakhala zikupweteka mutu.
Nthawi zambiri, mbali zonse za mbale kutentha exchanger muli zinthu zovuta kwambiri kuti nthawi zina kupitirira luso la kupondaponda ndi Machining, koma mosavuta akwaniritsa ntchito PCE.Kuonjezera apo, PCE akhoza kupanga mbali mbali zonse za mbale imodzi imodzi, kupulumutsa nthawi yofunika, ndi ndondomeko angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, Inconel 617, ndi titanium.
Chifukwa cha zinthu zina zachibadwidwe, PCE imapereka njira ina yowoneka bwino yopondereza ndi kusindikiza pamapepala azitsulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito photoresist ndi etchant kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino malo osankhidwa, ndondomekoyi imakhala ndi zinthu zosungidwa, zowonongeka komanso zopanda nkhawa zokhala ndi zozungulira zoyera komanso zopanda kutentha. ngodya ndi m'mbali zomwe zimachita dzimbiri.
Kuphatikizana ndi mfundo yakuti PCE imagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zobwerezabwereza komanso zotsika mtengo za digito kapena magalasi, zimapereka njira yotsika mtengo, yolondola kwambiri komanso yofulumira kupanga njira yopangira makina achikhalidwe ndi kupondaponda.Izi zikutanthauza kusungirako mtengo waukulu popanga zida zachiwonetsero, ndipo mosiyana ndi kupondaponda ndi makina opanga makina, palibe kuvala kwa zida ndi mtengo wogwirizana ndi kudulanso zitsulo.
Machining ndi masitampu akhoza kutulutsa zotsatira zochepa-kuposa-zangwiro pa zitsulo pa mzere wodulidwa, nthawi zambiri kufooketsa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira ndikusiya ma burrs, madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ndi zigawo zowonjezera.
Chinthu china choyenera kuganizira posankha ndondomeko ndi makulidwe a zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa.Njira zachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi zovuta zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zitsulo zopyapyala, kupondaponda ndi kupondaponda nthawi zambiri zosayenera, pamene laser ndi kudula madzi kumayambitsa kusokonezeka komanso kusavomerezeka kwa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kugawanika kwa zinthu, motero. monga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthanitsa kutentha kwa mbale, popanda kusokoneza flatness, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri pa kukhulupirika kwa msonkhano. zofunika.
Malo ofunikira omwe ma mbale amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuta opangira mafuta opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu, faifi tambala, titaniyamu, mkuwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya ma aloyi apadera.
Zitsulo mbale mu maselo mafuta apezeka kuti ndi ubwino wambiri kuposa zipangizo zina.Pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo ndi amphamvu kwambiri, kupereka kwambiri madutsidwe magetsi kwa kuzirala bwino, akhoza anapangidwa woonda kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito etching, chifukwa mundalama lalifupi, ndipo alibe mapeto olunjika pamwamba mkati mwa channel.Plates akhoza kupangidwa ndi ngalande analengedwa pa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, palibe kupsyinjika matenthedwe amapangidwa mu matenthedwe kupsyinjika.
Njira ya PCE imatsimikizira kulolerana kobwerezabwereza pamagulu onse akuluakulu, kuphatikizapo kuya kwa mpweya ndi geometry yochuluka, ndipo imatha kupanga zigawo kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri.
Mafakitale ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapepala opangidwa ndi mankhwala amaphatikizapo makina opangira magetsi, ndege, petrochemical ndi chemical industries. Pambuyo popanga, mbalezo zimayikidwa ndi kufalikira ndi kufalikira pamodzi kapena kugwirizanitsa pamodzi kuti apange maziko a kutentha kwapakati.Kumaliza kutentha kwazitsulo kumatha kukhala kasanu ndi kamodzi kakang'ono kusiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha "chipolopolo ndi chubu" chothandizira kutentha ndi ubwino wowonjezera kutentha, kupereka malo abwino kwambiri.
Kutentha kwa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito PCE kumakhalanso kolimba kwambiri komanso kothandiza, komwe kumatha kupirira kupanikizika kwa bar 600 pamene kusinthasintha kutentha kuchokera ku cryogenics kufika ku 900 digiri Celsius. N'zotheka kugwirizanitsa mitsinje yambiri ya ndondomeko mu gawo limodzi ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pa mapaipi ndi ma valves amachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Zofunikira zamasiku ano kuti zithetse kutentha kwachangu komanso zopulumutsa malo zimabweretsa zovuta zazikulu kwa akatswiri ambiri otukuka.The miniaturization ya zigawo zambiri muukadaulo wamagetsi ndi ma microsystem amapanga zomwe zimatchedwa malo otentha otentha, omwe amafunikira kuti pakhale kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire moyo wautali wautumiki.
Pogwiritsa ntchito 2D ndi 3D PCE, ma microchannel omwe ali ndi m'lifupi mwake ndi kuya kwake akhoza kupangidwa muzitsulo zotentha kuti azisankha zofalitsa zowononga kutentha m'dera laling'ono kwambiri.Pali pafupifupi palibe malire a mapangidwe omwe angatheke.
Komanso, popeza ndondomeko etching limalimbikitsa mapangidwe luso ndi geometric ufulu, chipwirikiti otaya mosiyana ndi laminar otaya akhoza kulimbikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito wavy njira m'mphepete ndi deeps.Turbulent otaya mu kuzirala sing'anga kumatanthauza kuti coolant kukhudzana ndi gwero kutentha nthawi zonse kusintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kuwombola efficient.Such corrugations mu kusinthanitsa ndi microrschannel mosavuta opangidwa ndi inregular PC, koma ndi inregular opangidwa ndi inregular PC mosavuta. zotheka kapena zotsika mtengo kupanga pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina zopangira.
Katswiri wa PCE micrometal GmbH amagwiritsa ntchito zida za optoelectronic zamtengo wapatali kuti apange zogwirira ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri zobwerezabwereza zolondola.
Ma mbale ang'onoang'ono amatha kumangika (mwachitsanzo, mwa kuwotcherera) kumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya 3D geometries.micrometal amagwiritsa ntchito maukonde odziwa zambiri omwe amapatsa makasitomala mwayi wogula mbale za microchannel kapena midadada yosinthira kutentha ya microchannel.
Chinthu chokhala ndi zitsulo ndipo chimakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena kuposerapo, chimodzi mwazo ndi chitsulo.
Kuchepetsa kutentha kwamadzimadzi kumawonjezeka pa chida / mawonekedwe a workpiece pa machining.Nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, monga sungunuka kapena mankhwala osakaniza (semi-synthetic, synthetic), komanso akhoza kupanikizika ndi mpweya kapena mpweya wina. theka-synthetic kudula madzimadzi; sungunuka mafuta kudula madzi; kupanga madzimadzi odula.
1. Kugawidwa kwa chigawo chimodzi mu gasi, madzi, kapena cholimba chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chipangidwecho chikhale chofanana m'zigawo zonse.2. Atomu kapena molekyu imangosuntha kupita kumalo atsopano mkati mwa zinthuzo.
Opaleshoni yomwe magetsi akuyenda pakati pa workpiece ndi chida cha conductive kupyolera mu electrolyte.Kuyambitsa mankhwala omwe amasungunula zitsulo kuchokera ku workpiece pa mlingo wolamulidwa.Mosiyana ndi njira zowonongeka, kuuma kwa workpiece sikuli chinthu, kupanga ECM kukhala yoyenera kwa zipangizo zovuta ku makina.Mu mawonekedwe a electrochemical grinding, electrochemical honing ndi electrochemical turning.
Kugwira ntchito mofanana ndi injini yozungulira mu chida cha makina, injini yozungulira imatha kuganiziridwa ngati injini yokhazikika ya maginito yozungulira, kudula axially pakati, kenako kuvula ndi kuyika flat.Ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito ma motors oyendetsa olamulira ndi kuti amachotsa kulephera komanso kusiyana kwamakina komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha makina opangira makina a CNC omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zambiri zamakina a CNC.
Zigawo zotalikirana kwambiri pamtundu wapamtunda. Phatikizani zolakwika zonse zotalikirana mokulirapo kuposa kakhazikitsidwe ka chida. Onani Flow; Bodza; Ukali.
Dr. Michael J. Hicks ndi Mtsogoleri wa Center for Business and Economic Research ndi George ndi Francis Ball Pulofesa Wodziwika wa Economics ku Ball State University's Miller School of Business.Hicks adalandira Ph.D. ndi MA mu Economics kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Tennessee ndi BA mu Economics kuchokera ku Virginia Military Institute.Iye adalemba mabuku awiri ndi mabuku oposa 60 a maphunziro omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ndondomeko za boma ndi zapakati pa anthu, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko ya msonkho ndi ndalama komanso zotsatira za Walmart pa chuma chapafupi.