Nakuba izindleko zangaphambili zesifudumezi samanzi selanga zingase zibe phezulu kunesifudumezi samanzi sendabuko, amandla elanga ozowasebenzisa angaletha ukonga okukhulu kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo. Amanzi ashisayo ahlanganisa amaphesenti angu-18 okusetshenziswa kwamandla ekhaya, kodwa izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zinganciphisa ibhili lakho lamanzi ashisayo ngamaphesenti angu-50 kuya kwangu-80.
Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza ukuthi ama-solar water heater angakusiza kanjani ukuthi usebenzise amandla avuselelekayo mahhala asindisa imali futhi azuzise umhlaba. Uhlome ngalolu lwazi, ungenza isinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokuthi i-solar water heater iyitshalomali elihle yini ezidingweni zamanzi ashisayo ekhaya lakho.
Ukuze ubone ukuthi uhlelo oluphelele lwelanga lwasekhaya luzobiza malini ikhaya lakho, ungathola isilinganiso samahhala, esingenasibopho esivela enkampanini ephezulu yelanga endaweni yakini ngokugcwalisa ifomu elingezansi.
Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wesifudumezi samanzi selanga ukufaka amanzi noma uketshezi lokushintshanisa ukushisa elangeni bese uhambisa uketshezi olufudumele lubuyele ekhaya lakho ukuze lusetshenziswe ekhaya. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo zazo zonke izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga yithangi lokugcina kanye nomqoqi oqoqa ukushisa okuvela elangeni.
Umqoqi uchungechunge lwamapuleti, amapayipi noma amathangi lapho amanzi noma uketshezi lokudlulisa ukushisa kumunca khona ukushisa kwelanga. Ukusuka lapho, uketshezi lujikeleza luye ethangini noma eyunithi yokushintshanisa ukushisa.
Ama-solar water heater asetshenziswa kakhulu ukonga amandla ekufudumaleni amanzi ngaphambi kokungena kwi-water heater evamile ekhaya. Kodwa amanye ama-solar water heater afudumeza futhi agcine amanzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathangi endabuko, ahlinzeka ngamanzi ashisayo agcwele amandla elanga.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-solar water heater: angasebenzi kanye nasebenzayo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi ezimbili ukuthi izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zidinga iphampu ejikelezayo ukuze zihambise amanzi, kuyilapho izinhlelo ezingasebenzi zithembele ekudonseleni amanzi phansi. Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo nazo zidinga ugesi ukuze zisebenze futhi zingasebenzisa i-antifreeze njengoketshezi lokushintshanisa ukushisa.
Kumaqoqo elanga alula kakhulu, amanzi afudunyezwa ngepayipi bese exhunywa ngqo empompini ngepayipi uma kudingeka. Amaqoqo elanga asebenzayo asebenzisa i-antifreeze — kusukela kumqoqi welanga kuya ku-heat exchanger ukuze afudumale amanzi okuphuza ukuze agcinwe futhi asetshenziswe ekhaya — noma afudumale amanzi ngqo, abese ephonswa ethangini.
Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi zinezigaba ezincane ezinikezelwe ezimweni ezahlukene, imisebenzi, amakhono kanye nesabelomali. Okukulungele kuzoncika kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
Nakuba kubiza kakhulu kunezinhlelo ezingasebenzi, ama-solar water heater asebenzayo asebenza kahle kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zokufudumeza amanzi asebenzayo:
Esimisweni esisebenzayo esiqondile, amanzi aphuzwayo adlula ngqo eqoqweni bese efakwa ethangini lokugcina ukuze asetshenziswe. Afaneleka kakhulu ezimweni zezulu ezithambile lapho amazinga okushisa engavamile ukwehla ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo ezingaqondile zijikeleza uketshezi olungenasiqandisi ngokusebenzisa iziqoqi zelanga bese zingena emshinini wokushintshanisa ukushisa lapho ukushisa koketshezi kudluliselwa khona emanzini okuphuza. Amanzi abe esephinde asetshenziswe ethangini lokugcina ukuze asetshenziswe ekhaya. Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo ezingaqondile zibalulekile ezimweni ezibandayo lapho amazinga okushisa evame ukwehla ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezisebenzayo ezingaqondile, amapayipi asengozini yokubanda nokuqhuma.
Ama-solar water heater angasebenzi ayindlela eshibhile futhi elula, kodwa futhi avame ukungasebenzi kahle kunezinhlelo ezisebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, angathembeka kakhulu futhi ahlale isikhathi eside, ngakho akufanele uwashaye indiva njengenketho, ikakhulukazi uma unesabelomali esincane.
Uhlelo lwe-Integrated Collector Storage (ICS) luyindlela elula kunazo zonke zokufaka ukushisa kwamanzi ngelanga - i-collector ingasetshenziswa njengethangi lokugcina. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa zisebenza kuphela ezimweni ezinobungozi obuphansi kakhulu bokuqandisa. Uhlelo lwe-ICS lungaba lula njengethangi elikhulu elimnyama noma uchungechunge lwamapayipi amancane ethusi anamathele ophahleni. Amayunithi e-ICS anamapayipi ethusi ashisa ngokushesha ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo engaphezulu, kodwa akhipha ukushisa ngokushesha ngesizathu esifanayo.
Izinhlelo ze-ICS zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi kusengaphambili kuma-heater avamile. Kuhlelo olunjalo, uma kudingeka amanzi, aphuma ethangini lokugcina/eliqoqayo bese eya ku-heater yamanzi yendabuko ekhaya.
Okubalulekile okufanele kucatshangelwe ngezinhlelo ze-ICS usayizi nesisindo: ngoba amathangi ngokwawo nawo angabaqoqi, makhulu futhi asinda. Ukwakhiwa kumele kube namandla ngokwanele ukusekela uhlelo olukhulu lwe-ICS, okungase kungabi nokwenzeka noma kungenzeki kwamanye amakhaya. Okunye okubi ngohlelo lwe-ICS ukuthi luvame ukubanda futhi luqhume ngisho nasesimo sezulu esibandayo, okwenza lufanelekele ukusetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni ezifudumele noma ezinye izindawo zokukhipha amanzi ngaphambi kokuba isimo sezulu esibandayo sifike.
Izinhlelo ze-thermosyphon zithembele ekujikelezeni kokushisa. Amanzi ajikeleza njengoba amanzi afudumele ekhuphuka namanzi abandayo ehla. Anethangi elifana neyunithi ye-ICS, kodwa umqoqi wehla ethangini ukuze avumele ukujikeleza kokushisa.
Umqoqi we-thermosiphon uqoqa ukukhanya kwelanga bese ethumela amanzi ashisayo ethangini nge-loop evaliwe noma ipayipi lokushisa. Nakuba ama-thermosiphon esebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinhlelo ze-ICS, awakwazi ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa khona ukukhishwa okuvamile.
Uma usebenzisa amanzi ashisayo amaningi, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi i-solar water heater yakho izikhokhele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-solar water heater angcono kakhulu emindenini enamalungu amaningi noma enezidingo eziphezulu zamanzi ashisayo.
Isifudumezi samanzi esivamile selanga sibiza cishe u-$9,000 ngaphambi kwezikhuthazo zikahulumeni, sifinyelela ku-$13,000 kumamodeli asebenzayo anomthamo ophezulu. Izinhlelo ezincane zingabiza u-$1,500 kuphela.
Amanani ayahlukahluka ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinto ozikhethayo, usayizi wesistimu, izindleko zokufaka nokulungisa, nokuningi. Ngenkathi izinhlelo ze-ICS ziyindlela eshibhile kakhulu (cishe u-$4,000 ngeyunithi engamalitha angu-60), azisebenzi kuzo zonke izimo zezulu, ngakho-ke uma ikhaya lakho libona amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile ngaphansi kweqhwa, awunakukhetha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali Thenga uhlelo olusebenzayo olungaqondile, noma okungenani usebenzise uhlelo oluhlukile ingxenye yonyaka.
Isisindo nosayizi wezinhlelo ezingasebenzi ezingabizi kakhulu kungenzeka kungabi okwawo wonke umuntu. Uma isakhiwo sakho singakwazi ukusingatha isisindo sesistimu engasebenzi noma ungenaso isikhala, uhlelo olusebenzayo olubiza kakhulu luyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu.
Uma wakha ikhaya elisha noma ukuxhasa kabusha imali, ungabala izindleko zesifudumezi sakho samanzi esisha selanga emalini yakho yendlu. Kufaka phakathi izindleko zesifudumezi samanzi esisha selanga emalini yendlu yendlu yeminyaka engama-30 kuzokubiza u-$13 kuya ku-$20 ngenyanga. Kuhlanganiswe nezikhuthazo zikahulumeni, ungase ukhokhe imali encane njengo-$10 kuya ku-$15 ngenyanga. Ngakho-ke uma wakha entsha noma ukuxhasa kabusha imali futhi ibhili lakho lamanzi ashisayo lendabuko lingaphezu kuka-$10-$15 ngenyanga, uzoqala ukonga imali ngokushesha. Uma usebenzisa amanzi amaningi, uhlelo luzozikhokhela ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwezindleko zokuthenga nokufaka uhlelo ngokwalo, udinga futhi ukucabangela izindleko zokusebenza zonyaka. Kuhlelo olulula olungasebenzi, lokhu akunamsebenzi noma cha. Kodwa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezisebenzisa ama-water heater avamile nama-solar heater, uzothola ezinye izindleko zokushisa, yize ziphansi kakhulu kunezi-heater ezivamile zodwa.
Akudingeki ukhokhe intengo ephelele yesistimu entsha yokufudumeza amanzi elanga. Amakhredithi entela kahulumeni anganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokufaka. Ikhredithi Yentela Yamandla Okuvuselelwa Ezindawo Zokuhlala (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ITC noma i-Investment Tax Credit) inganikeza ikhredithi yentela engu-26% yama-solar water heater. Kodwa kunemibandela ethile yokufaneleka:
Izifundazwe eziningi, omasipala, kanye nezinsiza zinikeza izinzuzo kanye nezaphulelo zazo zokufaka ama-solar water heater. Hlola isizindalwazi se-DSIRE ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lwemithetho.
Izingxenye zesifudumezi samanzi selanga ziyatholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zikazwelonke, njenge-Home Depot. Amayunithi angathengwa ngqo kumkhiqizi, kanti i-Duda Diesel ne-Sunbank Solar zinikeza izinketho eziningana ezinhle zesifudumezi samanzi selanga sendawo yokuhlala. Abafaki bendawo banganikeza nezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zekhwalithi ephezulu.
Njengoba kunezici eziningi ezithonya ukuthi yisiphi isifudumezi samanzi selanga okufanele usithenge, kungcono ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe lapho ukhetha futhi ufaka uhlelo olukhulu lokufudumeza amanzi elanga.
Ama-solar water heater awasavamile njengakuqala. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yokwehla okukhulu kwezindleko zama-solar panel, okuholele ekutheni abantu abaningi ababengazifaka ama-solar water heater bayeke ukusebenzisa ugesi okhiqizwa ama-solar panel ukufudumeza amanzi.
Ama-solar water heater athatha izindawo eziyigugu, futhi kubanikazi bezindlu abanesifiso sokukhiqiza amandla abo elanga, kungaba nengqondo kakhulu ukwandisa isikhala esitholakalayo nokuqeda ngokuphelele ama-solar water heater, esikhundleni sokuthenga ama-solar panel.
Kodwa-ke, uma ungenayo indawo yamaphaneli elanga, ama-solar water heater angase afaneleke kahle njengoba ethatha isikhala esincane kakhulu kunamaphaneli elanga. Ama-solar water heater nawo ayindlela enhle kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezikude noma njengesengezo esinobungani nemvelo kumandla elanga akhona. Ama-water heater kagesi esimanje asebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi uma enikwa amandla elanga futhi ehambisana nama-solar water heater, azonga imali yakho eningi futhi anciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
Kwabaningi abaninikhaya, isinqumo sincike entengo. Ama-solar water heater angabiza imali efika ku-$13,000. Ukuze ubone ukuthi uhlelo oluphelele lwe-solar luzobiza malini ikhaya lakho, ungathola isilinganiso samahhala, esingenasibopho enkampanini ephezulu ye-solar endaweni yakini ngokugcwalisa ifomu elingezansi.
Ukuthi i-solar water heater iyazuzisa yini noma cha kuncike ngokuphelele ekutheni uhlalaphi, izidingo zakho kanye nezintandokazi zakho, nokuthi uhlela ukufaka amaphaneli elanga yini. Indawo elahlekile yama-solar water heater ibangelwa kakhulu ukwanda kwama-solar wasekhaya: Abantu abafaka ama-solar water heater bafuna namandla elanga, futhi bavame ukukhetha ukuqeda ama-solar water heater ancintisana nendawo eyigugu yophahla.
Uma unendawo, isifudumezi samanzi selanga singase sehlise ibhili lakho lamanzi ashisayo. Uma sisetshenziswa kanye neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zihlala ziyisinqumo esihle kakhulu cishe kunoma yisiphi isicelo.
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesifudumezi samanzi selanga lubiza cishe u-$9,000, kanti amamodeli aphezulu afinyelela ngaphezu kuka-$13,000. Ama-heater amancane azoba ashibhile kakhulu, asukela ku-$1,000 kuya ku-$3,000.
Inkinga enkulu yama-solar water heater ukuthi awasebenzi ezinsukwini ezinenkungu, zemvula noma ezinamafu, noma ebusuku. Nakuba lokhu kunganqotshwa ngama-assivity heater avamile, kuseyinkinga evamile kuzo zonke ubuchwepheshe be-solar. Ukulungiswa kungaba okunye ukuvala. Nakuba ngokuvamile kudinga ukulungiswa okuncane kakhulu, amanye ama-solar water heater adinga ukukhishwa kwamanzi njalo, ukuhlanza, kanye nokuvikelwa kokugqwala.
Ama-solar water heater ajikeleza uketshezi ngama-solar collectors (ngokuvamile ama-flat plate noma ama-tube collectors), afudumale uketshezi bese eluthumela ethangini noma e-exchanger, lapho uketshezi lusetshenziselwa khona ukufudumeza amanzi asekhaya.
UChristian Yonkers ungumbhali, umthwebuli wezithombe, umenzi wefilimu, kanye nomuntu wangaphandle othanda kakhulu ukuhlangana kwabantu nomhlaba. Usebenza nemikhiqizo nezinhlangano ezinomthelela omkhulu kwezenhlalo nakwezemvelo, ezisiza ukuba zixoxe izindaba ezishintsha umhlaba.