Ngakhale mtengo wa chotenthetsera madzi cha solar ukhoza kukhala wokwera kuposa chotenthetsera madzi chachikhalidwe, mphamvu ya dzuwa yomwe mudzakhala mukugwiritsa ntchito ikhoza kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri komanso kubweretsa phindu lalikulu ku chilengedwe. Madzi otentha ndi 18 peresenti ya mphamvu zomwe nyumba imagwiritsa ntchito, koma zotenthetsera madzi za solar zimatha kuchepetsa bilu yanu ya madzi otentha ndi 50 mpaka 80 peresenti.
Munkhaniyi, tifotokoza momwe zotenthetsera madzi za dzuwa zingakuthandizireni kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zaulere zomwe zimasunga ndalama ndikupindulitsa dziko lapansi. Pokhala ndi chidziwitsochi, mutha kupanga chisankho chabwino kwambiri ngati chotenthetsera madzi cha dzuwa ndi ndalama zabwino zogulira madzi otentha m'nyumba mwanu.
Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe makina amagetsi amagetsi a nyumba yanu angakuwonongereni, mutha kupeza mtengo waulere, wopanda chikakamizo kuchokera ku kampani yapamwamba yamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi m'dera lanu podzaza fomu ili pansipa.
Ntchito yaikulu ya chotenthetsera madzi cha solar ndi kuyika madzi kapena madzi osinthira kutentha ku dzuwa kenako n’kuzungulira madzi otenthedwawo kubwerera kunyumba kwanu kuti mugwiritse ntchito kunyumba. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa zotenthetsera madzi zonse za solar ndi thanki yosungiramo zinthu ndi chosonkhanitsira chomwe chimasonkhanitsa kutentha kuchokera ku dzuwa.
Chosonkhanitsa ndi mndandanda wa mbale, machubu kapena matanki omwe madzi kapena madzi osinthira kutentha amayamwa kutentha kwa dzuwa. Kuchokera pamenepo, madziwo amazungulira kupita ku thanki kapena chipangizo chosinthira kutentha.
Zipangizo zotenthetsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potenthetsera madzi asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera madzi chachizolowezi m'nyumba. Koma zina zotenthetsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa zimatenthetsa ndi kusunga madzi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito matanki achikhalidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi otentha azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa.
Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu a zotenthetsera madzi za dzuwa: zosagwira ntchito ndi zogwira ntchito. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndikuti machitidwe ogwira ntchito amafuna pampu yozungulira kuti asunthe madzi, pomwe machitidwe osagwira ntchito amadalira mphamvu yokoka kuti asunthe madzi. Machitidwe ogwira ntchito amafunikanso magetsi kuti agwire ntchito ndipo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito antifreeze ngati madzi osinthira kutentha.
Mu zosonkhanitsa mphamvu za dzuwa zosavuta, madzi amatenthedwa mu chitoliro kenako amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku pompo kudzera mu chitolirocho ngati pakufunika kutero. Zosonkhanitsa mphamvu za dzuwa zogwira ntchito zimagwiritsa ntchito antifreeze - kuchokera ku chosonkhanitsa mphamvu za dzuwa kupita ku chosinthira kutentha kuti zitenthetse madzi akumwa kuti zisungidwe komanso zigwiritsidwe ntchito kunyumba - kapena zitenthetse madziwo mwachindunji, omwe kenako amapopedwa mu thanki.
Machitidwe ogwira ntchito komanso osagwira ntchito ali ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono odzipereka ku nyengo zosiyanasiyana, ntchito, mphamvu, ndi bajeti. Zomwe zili zoyenera kwa inu zidzadalira zinthu zotsatirazi:
Ngakhale kuti ndi okwera mtengo kuposa makina osagwira ntchito, ma solar water heater amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Pali mitundu iwiri ya makina ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa:
Mu dongosolo logwira ntchito molunjika, madzi akumwa amadutsa mwachindunji kudzera mu chosonkhanitsa ndikulowa mu thanki yosungiramo zinthu kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndi abwino kwambiri m'nyengo yofatsa komwe kutentha sikutsika kwambiri kuposa kuzizira.
Machitidwe ogwira ntchito mosalunjika amayendetsa madzi osasungidwa mufiriji kudzera mu zosonkhanitsa za dzuwa ndikulowa mu chosinthira kutentha komwe kutentha kwa madziwo kumasamutsidwira ku madzi akumwa. Kenako madziwo amabwezeretsedwanso ku thanki yosungiramo zinthu kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito panyumba. Machitidwe ogwira ntchito mosalunjika ndi ofunikira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira komwe kutentha nthawi zambiri kumatsika pansi pa kuzizira. Popanda machitidwe ogwira ntchito mosalunjika, mapaipi amakhala pachiwopsezo chozizira ndi kuphulika.
Ma heater amadzi a solar omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito bwino ngati makina ogwira ntchito. Komabe, amatha kukhala odalirika komanso okhalitsa, choncho simuyenera kuwanyalanyaza ngati njira ina, makamaka ngati muli ndi bajeti yochepa.
Dongosolo la Integrated Collector Storage (ICS) ndi losavuta kwambiri pa ma solar water heater onse - chosonkhanitsa chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati thanki yosungiramo zinthu. Ndi lothandiza kwambiri, koma limagwira ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kuzizira. Dongosolo la ICS likhoza kukhala losavuta ngati thanki lalikulu lakuda kapena mapaipi ang'onoang'ono amkuwa omangiriridwa padenga. Mayunitsi a ICS okhala ndi machubu amkuwa amatentha mofulumira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malo, koma amachotsa kutentha mwachangu pachifukwa chomwecho.
Makina a ICS nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera madzi a ma heater achizolowezi. Mu makina otere, madzi akafunika, amachoka mu thanki/chotengera madzi n’kupita ku heater yachikhalidwe m’nyumba.
Chofunika kwambiri pa makina a ICS ndi kukula ndi kulemera: chifukwa matankiwo ndi osonkhanitsa, ndi akuluakulu komanso olemera. Kapangidwe kake kayenera kukhala kolimba mokwanira kuti kathandizire makina akuluakulu a ICS, omwe angakhale osagwira ntchito kapena osatheka m'nyumba zina. Vuto lina la makina a ICS ndikuti amatha kuzizira kwambiri komanso kuphulika ngakhale nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kapena kukhetsa madzi nyengo yozizira isanayambe.
Makina a thermosyphon amadalira kutentha kwa madzi. Madzi amazungulira pamene madzi ofunda akukwera ndipo madzi ozizira akugwa. Ali ndi thanki ngati chipangizo cha ICS, koma chosonkhanitsa chimatsika kuchokera ku thanki kuti kutentha kuyende bwino.
Chosonkhanitsira thermosiphon chimasonkhanitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikutumiza madzi otentha kubwerera ku thanki kudzera mu chitoliro chotsekedwa kapena chitoliro chotenthetsera. Ngakhale kuti ma thermosiphon ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa makina a ICS, sangagwiritsidwe ntchito komwe kumatulutsa nthawi zonse.
Madzi otentha omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ambiri, ndiye kuti chotenthetsera chanu chamadzi cha solar chimadzilipira chokha pakapita nthawi. Zotenthetsera madzi za solar ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi mamembala ambiri kapena omwe amafunikira madzi otentha ambiri.
Chotenthetsera madzi champhamvu cha dzuwa chimawononga pafupifupi $9,000 chisanafike chilimbikitso cha boma, chomwe chimafika pa $13,000 pa mitundu yogwira ntchito kwambiri. Makina ang'onoang'ono amatha kugula $1,500 yokha.
Mitengo imasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zomwe mungasankhe, kukula kwa makina, ndalama zoyikira ndi kukonza, ndi zina zambiri. Ngakhale makina a ICS ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri (pafupifupi $4,000 pa galoni imodzi ya malita 60), sagwira ntchito m'malo onse otentha, kotero ngati nyumba yanu ikuwona kutentha kwabwinobwino pansi pa kuzizira, mulibe chochita koma kugula makina ogwirira ntchito osalunjika, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina ena kwa nthawi yochepa pachaka.
Kulemera ndi kukula kwa makina osagwira ntchito otsika mtengo sikungakhale kwa aliyense. Ngati kapangidwe kanu sikangathe kupirira kulemera kwa makina osagwira ntchito kapena mulibe malo, makina ogwirira ntchito okwera mtengo kwambiri ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri.
Ngati mukumanga nyumba yatsopano kapena kukonzanso ndalama, mutha kuwerengera mtengo wa chotenthetsera chanu chatsopano cha madzi a solar mu ngongole yanu ya nyumba. Kuphatikiza mtengo wa chotenthetsera chatsopano cha madzi a solar mu ngongole ya zaka 30 kudzakuwonongerani $13 mpaka $20 pamwezi. Kuphatikiza ndi zolimbikitsa za boma, mutha kulipira $10 mpaka $15 pamwezi. Chifukwa chake ngati mukumanga nyumba yatsopano kapena kukonzanso ndalama ndipo bilu yanu yachikhalidwe yamadzi otentha imapitirira $10-$15 pamwezi, mudzayamba kusunga ndalama nthawi yomweyo. Madzi ambiri omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, makinawo azilipira mwachangu.
Kuwonjezera pa mtengo wogulira ndi kukhazikitsa makinawo, muyeneranso kuganizira ndalama zogwirira ntchito pachaka. Mu makina osavuta osagwiritsa ntchito magetsi, izi ndi zochepa kapena ayi. Koma m'makina ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma heater amadzi wamba ndi ma solar heater, mudzakhala ndi ndalama zina zotenthetsera, ngakhale kuti ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma heater achizolowezi okha.
Simuyenera kulipira mtengo wonse wa makina atsopano otenthetsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa. Ndalama za msonkho za boma zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zoyikira. Ndalama za msonkho za Federal Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit (zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti ITC kapena Investment Tax Credit) zitha kupereka ngongole ya msonkho ya 26% ya ma solar water heaters. Koma pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakuthandizeni:
Maboma ambiri, maboma, ndi mabungwe amagetsi amapereka zolimbikitsira zawo komanso zobwezera ndalama poyika ma solar water heaters. Onani database ya DSIRE kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza malamulo.
Zipangizo zotenthetsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa zimapezeka m'malo ambiri a dziko, monga Home Depot. Zipangizo zotenthetsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa zimatha kugulidwanso mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wopanga, ndipo Duda Diesel ndi Sunbank Solar zimapereka njira zingapo zabwino zotenthetsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa m'nyumba. Okhazikitsa m'deralo angaperekenso zotenthetsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa.
Popeza pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza chotenthetsera madzi cha solar chomwe muyenera kugula, ndibwino kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri posankha ndikuyika makina akuluakulu otenthetsera madzi a solar.
Zotenthetsera madzi a dzuwa sizikufala monga kale. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kutsika kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa ma solar panels, zomwe zapangitsa anthu ambiri omwe akanayika ma solar water heater kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi opangidwa ndi ma solar panels potenthetsera madzi.
Zotenthetsera madzi za dzuwa zimafuna malo amtengo wapatali, ndipo kwa eni nyumba omwe akufuna kupanga mphamvu zawo za dzuwa, zingakhale bwino kugwiritsa ntchito malo ambiri ndikuchotsa zotenthetsera madzi za dzuwa kwathunthu, m'malo mwake kugula ma solar panels.
Komabe, ngati mulibe malo ogwiritsira ntchito ma solar panels, ma solar water heaters angakhale oyenera chifukwa amatenga malo ochepa kwambiri kuposa ma solar panels. Ma solar water heaters ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa anthu okhala m'madera akutali kapena ngati njira yowonjezera ku mphamvu ya dzuwa yomwe ilipo. Ma solar water heaters amakono ndi othandiza kwambiri, ndipo akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndipo akuphatikizidwa ndi ma solar water heaters, amasunga ndalama zambiri m'thumba lanu ndikuchepetsa mpweya woipa womwe umawononga chilengedwe.
Kwa eni nyumba ambiri, chisankho chimadalira mtengo. Zotenthetsera madzi za dzuwa zimatha kuwononga ndalama zokwana $13,000. Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe makina amagetsi ...
Kaya chotenthetsera madzi cha solar chili ndi phindu kapena ayi zimadalira komwe mukukhala, zosowa zanu ndi zomwe mumakonda, komanso ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa ma solar panels. Kutayika kwa ma solar water heater kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa solar water heater kunyumba: Anthu omwe amaika solar water heater amafunanso mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasankha kusiya ma solar water heater omwe amapikisana kuti apeze malo amtengo wapatali padenga.
Ngati muli ndi malo, chotenthetsera madzi cha solar chingachepetse ndalama zanu zamadzi otentha. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi magwero ena amagetsi obwezerezedwanso, chotenthetsera madzi cha solar chimakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa ntchito iliyonse.
Makina otenthetsera madzi a solar wamba amawononga pafupifupi $9,000, ndipo mitundu yapamwamba imapitirira $13,000. Ma heater ang'onoang'ono adzakhala otsika mtengo kwambiri, kuyambira $1,000 mpaka $3,000.
Vuto lalikulu la ma solar water heaters ndilakuti sagwira ntchito masiku a chifunga, mvula kapena mitambo, kapena usiku. Ngakhale izi zitha kuthetsedwa ndi ma solar heaters achikhalidwe, komabe ndi vuto lomwe limafala paukadaulo wonse wa solar. Kukonza kungakhale kutseka kwina. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sikufuna kukonza kwambiri, ma solar water heaters ena amafuna madzi otuluka nthawi zonse, kuyeretsa, komanso kuteteza dzimbiri.
Zotenthetsera madzi za dzuwa zimayendetsa madzi kudzera mu zotengera za dzuwa (nthawi zambiri zotengera mbale zathyathyathya kapena machubu), zimatenthetsa madziwo ndikutumiza ku thanki kapena chosinthira madzi, komwe madziwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa madzi apakhomo.
Christian Yonkers ndi wolemba, wojambula zithunzi, wopanga mafilimu, komanso wokonda zakunja amene amakonda kwambiri mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi dziko lapansi. Amagwira ntchito ndi makampani ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi mphamvu pa chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe, kuwathandiza kufotokoza nkhani zosintha dziko.