Ahakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga mō te whakamahana wai pūngao rā i te whakamahana wai tuku iho, ka taea e te pūngao rā ka whakamahia e koe te whakaputa penapena nui me ngā painga taiao. Ko te wai wera te 18 ōrau o te whakamahinga pūngao o te whare, engari ka taea e ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā te whakaheke i tō pire wai wera mā te 50 ki te 80 ōrau.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakamāramahia e mātou me pēhea e taea ai e ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā te āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahi i te pūngao hou kore utu e penapena moni ana, e whai hua ana hoki mō te ao. Mā ēnei mōhiotanga ka taea e koe te whakatau pai mēnā he haumitanga pai te whakamahana wai pūngao rā mō ngā hiahia wai wera o tō whare.
Hei kite i te utu mō tētahi pūnaha pūngao rā mō tō whare, ka taea e koe te tiki i tētahi whakatau utu kore utu, kore herenga mai i tētahi kamupene pūngao rā rongonui i tō rohe mā te whakakī i te puka i raro nei.
Ko te mahi matua o te whakamahana wai pūngao rā ko te whakaatu i te wai, te wai whakawhiti wera rānei ki te hihi o te rā, kātahi ka tukuna te wai wera ki tō kāinga hei whakamahi mā te whare. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā katoa he tāke rokiroki me te kaikohi e kohi ana i te wera mai i te rā.
He raupapa pereti, ngongo, tāke rānei te kaikohi e mimiti ai te wai, te wai whakawhiti wera rānei i te wera o te rā. Mai i reira, ka rere te wai ki te tāke, ki te wāhanga whakawhiti wera rānei.
Ko ngā whakamahana wai pūngao-rā te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakamahana i te wai i mua i te whakaurunga ki roto i te whakamahana wai tuku iho i roto i te whare. Engari ko ētahi whakamahana wai pūngao-rā ka whakamahana, ka penapena wai, me te kore e whakamahi i ngā tāke tuku iho, ka whakarato i te wai wera pūngao-rā katoa.
E rua ngā momo matua o ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā: te whakamahana kore mahi me te whakamahana hohe. Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā mea e rua ko te hiahia o ngā pūnaha hohe ki tētahi papu hurihuri hei neke i te wai, ko ngā pūnaha hohe ia e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha ā-papa hei neke i te wai. Me whakamahi hoki ngā pūnaha hohe i te hiko hei whakahaere, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i te ārai huka hei wai whakawhiti wera.
I roto i ngā kaikohi rā ngāwari māmā rawa atu, ka whakamahanahia te wai i roto i te paipa, kātahi ka honoa tika ki te puna mā te paipa ina hiahiatia. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaikohi rā kaha te ārai huka - mai i te kaikohi rā ki roto i te whakawhiti wera hei whakamahana i te wai inu mō te rokiroki me te whakamahi ā-whare - ka whakamahana tika rānei i te wai, kātahi ka papua ki roto i te tāke.
He wāhanga iti kei roto i ngā pūnaha hohe me ngā pūnaha kore e mahi ana, e aro ana ki ngā āhuarangi, ngā kaupapa, ngā kaha me ngā tahua rerekē. Ko tehea e tika ana māu ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
Ahakoa he nui ake te utu i ngā pūnaha kore mahi, he pai ake te whai hua o ngā whakamahana wai pūngao-rā. E rua ngā momo pūnaha whakamahana wai pūngao-rā:
I roto i tētahi pūnaha hiko tika, ka haere tika te wai inu mā te kaikohi ki roto i tētahi tāke rokiroki hei whakamahi. He pai rawa atu ēnei mō ngā āhuarangi ngawari, ina kore e tino heke te pāmahana ki raro i te hukapapa.
Ka tohatohahia e ngā pūnaha kore-whakaoho kaha he wai kore-pouaka mā roto i ngā kaikohi rā ki roto i te whakawhiti wera, ka whakawhitia te wera o te wai ki te wai inu. Kātahi ka hangarua te wai ki roto i te tāke rokiroki mō te whakamahinga o te whare. He mea nui ngā pūnaha kore-whakaoho kaha mō ngā āhuarangi makariri e heke iho ai te pāmahana i raro i te tio. Ki te kore he pūnaha kore-whakaoho kaha, ka tūpono ngā paipa ki te tio me te pahū.
He iti ake te utu, he māmā ake hoki ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā kore mahi, engari he iti ake te whai huatanga i ngā pūnaha hohe. Heoi, he pono ake, he roa ake hoki te ora, nō reira kaua e warewarehia hei kōwhiringa, inā koa he iti tō tahua.
Ko te pūnaha Rokiroki Kohikohi Whakauru (ICS) te mea māmā rawa atu o ngā tāutanga whakamahana wai rā katoa – ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te kaikohikohi hei tāke rokiroki. He tino whai hua ēnei, engari ka mahi noa i roto i ngā āhuarangi he iti rawa te mōrearea o te huka. Ka taea e te pūnaha ICS te ngāwari noa iho pērā i te tāke pango nui, i te raupapa paipa parahi iti rānei e piri ana ki te tuanui. Ka tere ake te wera o ngā waeine ICS me ngā ngongo parahi nā te nui haere o te mata, engari ka tere ake te horapa o te wera mō te take kotahi.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā pūnaha ICS hei whakamahana i te wai mō ngā whakamahana tuku iho. I roto i tēnei pūnaha, ina hiahiatia te wai, ka puta atu i te tāke rokiroki/pūnaha kohikohi ka haere ki te whakamahana wai tuku iho i te kāinga.
He mea nui te whakaaro ki te rahi me te taumaha mō ngā pūnaha ICS: nā te mea he mea kohikohi hoki ngā tāke, he nui, he taumaha hoki. Me kaha te hanganga hei tautoko i tētahi pūnaha ICS nunui, he mea kāore pea e taea te whakamahi mō ētahi kāinga. Ko tētahi atu ngoikoretanga o tētahi pūnaha ICS ko tōna ngāwari ki te hukapapa, ki te pahū rānei i te rangi makariri, ā, he pai anake mō te whakamahi i ngā āhuarangi mahana ake, i te mimiti rānei i mua i te pā mai o te rangi makariri.
Ka whakawhirinaki ngā pūnaha thermosyphon ki te huringa wera. Ka rere te wai i te pikinga o te wai mahana, i te hekenga o te wai matao. He rite te tāke ki te waeine ICS, engari ka heke te kaikohi i raro i te tāke kia taea ai te huringa wera.
Ka kohia e te kaikohi thermosiphon te hihi o te rā, ka tukuna te wai wera ki te tāke mā roto i te porowhita kati, i te paipa wera rānei. Ahakoa he pai ake ngā thermosiphon i ngā pūnaha ICS, kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā wāhi e tukuna ana ngā wai wera i ia wā.
Ko te nui ake o te wai wera e whakamahia ana e koe, ko te nui ake o te tūponotanga ka utua e tō whakamahana wai pūngao rā i roto i te wā. Ko ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā te mea tino whai hua mō ngā whare he maha ngā mema, he nui rānei ngā hiahia wai wera.
Ko te utu mō te whakamahana wai pūngao rā noa he $9,000 i mua i ngā takoha a te kāwanatanga, ā, neke atu i te $13,000 mō ngā tauira hohe kaha ake. Ko te utu mō ngā pūnaha iti he $1,500 noa iho.
He rerekē ngā utu i runga i ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki tāu i whiriwhiri ai i ngā rauemi, te rahi o te pūnaha, ngā utu tāutanga me te tiaki, me ētahi atu. Ahakoa ko ngā pūnaha ICS te kōwhiringa iti rawa te utu (tata ki te $4,000 mō te waeine 60-karani), kāore e mahi i ngā āhuarangi katoa, nō reira, ki te kitea tō whare i ngā pāmahana noa i raro i te hukapapa, kāore he kōwhiringa atu i a koe engari ko te hoko i tētahi pūnaha ā-korekore hohe, i te iti rawa rānei te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha rerekē mō tētahi wāhanga o te tau.
Kāore pea te taumaha me te rahi o ngā pūnaha kore mahi iti ake te utu e pai mō te katoa. Mena kāore e taea e tō hanganga te pupuri i te taumaha o tētahi pūnaha kore mahi, kāore rānei he wāhi mōu, ko te pūnaha kore mahi utu nui ake te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu.
Mena kei te hanga whare hou koe, kei te whakahou rānei i te pūtea, ka taea e koe te whakauru i te utu o tō whakamahana wai rā hou ki roto i tō mokete. Mā te whakauru i te utu o tētahi whakamahana wai rā hou ki roto i tētahi mokete 30-tau ka $13 ki te $20 te utu i te marama. Mēnā ka honoa ki ngā kaupapa whakatenatena ā-motu, ka taea e koe te utu i te $10 ki te $15 noa iho i te marama. Nō reira, ki te mea kei te hanga whare hou koe, kei te whakahou rānei i te pūtea, ā, kei runga ake i te $10-$15 te pire wai wera tuku iho i te marama, ka tīmata tonu koe ki te penapena moni. Ko te nui ake o te wai e whakamahia ana e koe, ko te tere ake o te utu a te pūnaha i a ia anō.
Haunga te utu mō te hoko me te tāuta i te pūnaha tonu, me whakaaro anō hoki koe ki ngā utu whakahaere ā-tau. I roto i tētahi pūnaha ngāwari, he iti noa iho tēnei, kāore rānei. Engari i roto i te nuinga o ngā pūnaha e whakamahi ana i ngā whakamahana wai tuku iho me ngā whakamahana rā, ka puta he utu whakamahana, ahakoa he iti iho i ngā whakamahana tuku iho anake.
Kāore koe e hiahia ki te utu i te utu katoa o tētahi pūnaha whakamahana wai rā hou. Ka taea e ngā whiwhinga taake ā-motu te whakaiti i ngā utu tāutanga. Ka taea e te Whiwhinga Taake Pūngao Whakahou Noho ā-Motu (e mōhiotia ana ko te ITC, ko te Whiwhinga Taake Pūtea rānei) te whakarato i te whiwhinga taake 26% mō ngā whakamahana wai rā. Engari tera ētahi whakaritenga hei whai mana:
He maha ngā kawanatanga, ngā kaunihera, me ngā ratonga e tuku ana i ā rātou ake kaupapa whakatenatena me ngā utu whakahoki mō te tāutanga o ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā. Tirohia te pātengi raraunga DSIRE mō ētahi atu mōhiohio ture.
Kei te wātea ngā wāhanga whakamahana wai rā i ngā mekameka motu maha, pērā i te Home Depot. Ka taea hoki te hoko tika i ngā waeine mai i te kaihanga, me Duda Diesel me Sunbank Solar e tuku ana i ētahi kōwhiringa whakamahana wai rā kāinga pai. Ka taea hoki e ngā kaiwhakauru o te rohe te whakarato i ngā whakamahana wai rā kounga teitei.
I te mea he maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakamahana wai pūngao rā me hoko e koe, he mea tika kia mahi tahi koe me tētahi tohunga i te wā e whiriwhiri ana, e tāuta ana hoki i tētahi pūnaha whakamahana wai pūngao rā nui ake.
Kāore i te tino noa ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā pērā i mua. Ko te tino take o tēnei ko te hekenga nui o te utu o ngā panera pūngao rā, ā, kua kore ai e whakamahia e te tini o te hunga kua tāuta i ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā te hiko e whakaputaina ana e ngā panera pūngao rā hei whakamahana i te wai.
He nui ngā whenua e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakamahana wai rā, ā, mō ngā kaipupuri whare e hiahia ana ki te whakaputa i ō rātou ake mana hiko rā, he pai ake pea te whakanui ake i te wāhi e wātea ana me te whakakore katoa i ngā whakamahana wai rā, engari me hoko mai i ngā panera rā.
Heoi, ki te kore he wāhi mō ngā panera rā, he pai tonu pea ngā whakamahana wai rā nā te mea he iti ake te wāhi e nohoia ana e rātou i ngā panera rā. He kōwhiringa pai hoki ngā whakamahana wai rā mō te hunga e noho ana i ngā wāhi tūmatanui, hei tāpiri atu rānei ki te hiko rā e pai ana ki te taiao. He tino whai hua ngā whakamahana wai hiko hou, ā, ina whakamahia te hiko rā hei whakakaha, ka honoa ki ngā whakamahana wai rā, ka penapena moni nui koe, ka whakaiti hoki i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi.
Mō te tini o ngā kaipupuri whare, ko te whakatau kei runga i te utu. Ka taea e ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā te utu tae atu ki te $13,000. Hei kite i te utu mō tētahi pūnaha pūngao rā kāinga katoa, ka taea e koe te tiki i tētahi whakatau utu kore utu, kore herenga mai i tētahi kamupene pūngao rā rongonui i tō rohe mā te whakakī i te puka i raro nei.
Ko te whai huatanga o tētahi whakamahana wai pūngao rā, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wāhi e noho ana koe, ki ō hiahia me ō manakohanga, me te whakaaro hoki koe ki te tāuta i ngā panera pūngao rā. Ko te ngaronga o te whenua mō ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā nā te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga o te pūngao rā mō te kāinga: Ko te hunga e tāuta ana i ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā e hiahia ana hoki ki te hiko pūngao rā, ā, he maha ngā wā ka mutu te whakamahi i ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā e whakataetae ana mō te wāhi utu nui o te tuanui.
Mena he wāhi kei a koe, ka taea e te whakamahana wai pūngao rā te whakaiti i tō pire wai wera. Mēnā ka whakamahia ngātahi me ētahi atu puna hiko hou, he pai tonu ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā mō te nuinga o ngā mahi.
Ko te utu mō tētahi pūnaha whakamahana wai pūngao rā noa he $9,000, ā, ko ngā tauira papai rawa atu ka eke ki te $13,000 neke atu. He iti ake te utu mō ngā whakamahana iti, mai i te $1,000 ki te $3,000.
Ko te ngoikoretanga nui o ngā whakamahana wai pūngao rā ko te kore e mahi i ngā rā kohu, ua, kapua rānei, i te pō rānei. Ahakoa ka taea te whakakore i tēnei mā ngā whakamahana āwhina tuku iho, he ngoikoretanga tonu tēnei e kitea ana i ngā hangarau pūngao rā katoa. Tērā pea ka mutu anō te mahi tiaki. Ahakoa he iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana, ko ētahi whakamahana wai pūngao rā me tuku waikeri auau, me horoi, me tiaki hoki i te waikura.
Ka tohatohahia te wai e ngā whakamahana wai rā mā roto i ngā kaikohi rā (ko te nuinga o te wā he kaikohi pereti papatahi, he kaikohi ngongo rānei), ka whakamahana i te wai ka tukuna ki te tāke, ki te whakawhiti rānei, hei whakamahana i te wai o te whare.
He kaituhi, he kaiwhakaahua, he kaihanga kiriata, he tangata hoki e aro nui ana ki te hononga i waenga i te tangata me te ao tūroa a Christian Yonkers. E mahi tahi ana ia me ngā waitohu me ngā whakahaere he pānga pāpori me te taiao te kaupapa matua, hei āwhina i a rātou ki te kōrero i ngā kōrero e whakarerekē ana i te ao.