Nubwo ikiguzi cya mbere cy'icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba gishobora kuba kiri hejuru ugereranije n'icyuma gishyushya amazi gisanzwe, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba uzikoresha zishobora gutanga inyungu nini ku bidukikije. Amazi ashyushye agize 18% by'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu rugo, ariko ibikoresho bishyushya amazi bikoresha imirasire y'izuba bishobora kugabanya fagitire y'amazi ashyushye ku kigero cya 50 kugeza kuri 80%.
Muri iyi nkuru, turasobanura uburyo ibyuma bishyushya amazi bikoresha imirasire y'izuba bishobora kugufasha kubyaza umusaruro ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ku buntu, bikagufasha kuzigama amafaranga kandi bikagirira akamaro isi. Ufite aya makuru, ushobora gufata icyemezo cyiza cyo kumenya niba icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba ari ishoramari ryiza mu rugo rwawe.
Kugira ngo urebe uburyo sisitemu y'izuba yuzuye mu rugo izatwara inzu yawe, ushobora kubona ikiguzi cy'ubuntu kandi nta kiguzi gitanzwe n'ikigo gikomeye gishinzwe imirasire y'izuba mu gace utuyemo wuzuza fomu iri hepfo.
Akamaro k'ibanze k'icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba ni ugushyira amazi cyangwa amazi ashyushya ku zuba hanyuma amazi ashyushye agasubira mu rugo rwawe kugira ngo akoreshwe mu rugo. Ibintu by'ibanze bigize icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba ni ikigega cyo kubikamo amazi n'icyuma gikusanya ubushyuhe buva ku zuba.
Igikusanya ni urukurikirane rw'amasahani, imiyoboro cyangwa ibigega aho amazi cyangwa amazi yo kohereza ubushyuhe binyuza ubushyuhe bw'izuba. Kuva aho, amazi anyura mu gigega cyangwa mu gikoresho cyo guhindurira ubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho bishyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni byo bikoreshwa cyane mu kugabanya ingufu mu gushyushya amazi mbere yo kwinjira mu gikoresho gishyushya amazi gisanzwe mu rugo. Ariko bimwe mu bikoresho bishyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bishyushya kandi bikabika amazi bidakoresheje ibigega bisanzwe, bitanga amazi ashyushye akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yuzuye.
Hari ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi by'amashyushya y'amazi akoresha imirasire y'izuba: akoresha imirasire y'izuba n'akoresha imirasire y'izuba. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y'ibyo byombi ni uko sisitemu zikora zisaba ipompo izenguruka kugira ngo zimure amazi, mu gihe sisitemu zikora zishingiye ku mbaraga rukuruzi kugira ngo zimure amazi. Sisitemu zikora zisaba amashanyarazi kugira ngo zikore kandi zishobora gukoresha antikonjeze nk'amazi ahindura ubushyuhe.
Mu bikoresho byoroshye cyane byo gukusanya imirasire y'izuba, amazi ashyushywa mu muyoboro hanyuma agahuzwa neza n'ivomo binyuze mu muyoboro igihe bibaye ngombwa. Ibikoresho byo gukusanya imirasire y'izuba bikoresha antikonjeze - kuva kuri vitesi y'izuba bijya mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe kugira ngo bishyushye amazi yo kunywa yo kubika no kuyakoresha mu rugo - cyangwa bigashyushya amazi mu buryo butaziguye, hanyuma akajugunywa mu kigega.
Sisitemu zikora n'izidakora zifite ibyiciro bito byihariye ku miterere itandukanye y'ikirere, inshingano, ubushobozi n'ingengo y'imari. Ibikubereye bizaterwa n'ibintu bikurikira:
Nubwo bihenze kurusha sisitemu zikora gusa, ibyuma bishyushya amazi bikoresha imirasire y'izuba birakora neza kurushaho. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ibikoresho bishyushya amazi bikoresha imirasire y'izuba:
Mu buryo bukora neza, amazi yo kunywa anyura mu gikoresho cyo kuyakusanya akayashyira mu gikoresho cyo kubikamo amazi. Akwiriye cyane mu bihe byoroheje aho ubushyuhe budakunze kugabanuka munsi y'ubukonje.
Sisitemu zikora ku buryo butaziguye zizenguruka amazi adakonjeshejwe mu byuma bikusanya imirasire y'izuba zikajya mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe aho ubushyuhe bw'amazi bujyanwa mu mazi yo kunywa. Hanyuma amazi asubizwa mu kigega cyo kubikamo amazi kugira ngo akoreshwe mu ngo. Sisitemu zikora ku buryo butaziguye ni ingenzi mu bihe bikonje aho ubushyuhe bukunze kugabanuka munsi y'ubukonje. Iyo hatabayeho sisitemu zikora ku buryo butaziguye, imiyoboro ishobora gukonjesha no guturika.
Imashini zishyushya amazi zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zihendutse kandi zoroshye, ariko kandi zikunda kuba zidakora neza ugereranyije na sisitemu zikora. Ariko, zishobora kuba zizewe kandi zikamara igihe kirekire, bityo ntugomba kuzirengagiza nk'amahitamo, cyane cyane niba ufite ingengo y'imari iciriritse.
Sisitemu ya Integrated Collector Storage (ICS) ni yo yoroshye kurusha izindi zose zikoresha imirasire y'izuba - iyi mashini ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'ikigega cyo kubikamo amazi. Ikora neza cyane, ariko ikora gusa mu bihe bifite ibyago bike cyane byo gukonja. Sisitemu ya ICS ishobora kuba yoroshye nk'ikigega kinini cy'umukara cyangwa urukurikirane rw'imiyoboro mito y'umuringa ifatanye ku gisenge. Ibikoresho bya ICS bifite imiyoboro y'umuringa bishyuha vuba bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubuso, ariko bigakuraho ubushyuhe vuba kubera iyo mpamvu.
Sisitemu za ICS zikunze gukoreshwa mu gushyushya amazi ku byuma bishyushya bisanzwe. Muri ubwo buryo, iyo bikenewe, amazi ava mu kigega cyo kubikamo amazi akajya mu cyuma gishyushya amazi gisanzwe mu rugo.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwitaho sisitemu za ICS ni ingano n'uburemere: kubera ko ibigega ubwabyo ari nabyo bikusanya, ni binini kandi biremereye. Iyubakwa rigomba kuba rikomeye bihagije kugira ngo rishyigikire sisitemu nini ya ICS, ishobora kuba idashoboka cyangwa idashoboka ku ngo zimwe na zimwe. Indi mbogamizi ya sisitemu ya ICS ni uko ikunze gukonja ndetse ikagwa mu gihe cy'ubukonje, bigatuma ikoreshwa gusa mu bihe bishyushye cyangwa ikamanuka amazi mbere y'uko ubukonje butangira.
Sisitemu za Thermosyphon zishingira ku kuzenguruka kw'ubushyuhe. Amazi azenguruka uko amazi ashyushye azamuka n'amazi akonje agwa. Afite ikigega nk'igice cya ICS, ariko icyo gikoresho cyo gukusanya gimanuka kiva kuri iki kigega kugira ngo gishobore kuzenguruka kw'ubushyuhe.
Igikoresho cyo gukusanya thermosiphon gikusanya urumuri rw'izuba hanyuma cyohereza amazi ashyushye mu kigega binyuze mu muyoboro ufunze cyangwa umuyoboro ushyushya. Nubwo thermosiphon zikora neza kurusha sisitemu za ICS, ntizishobora gukoreshwa aho hakorerwa releases zisanzwe.
Uko ukoresha amazi ashyushye menshi, niko amahirwe menshi yo kwishyura icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibikoresho bishyushya amazi bikoresha imirasire y'izuba ni byo bihendutse cyane ku ngo zifite abanyamuryango benshi cyangwa zikeneye amazi ashyushye menshi.
Igikoresho gishyushya amazi gikoreshwa n’izuba gitwara hafi $9.000 mbere y’uko leta ibaha amafaranga y’inkunga, kigera ku $13.000 ku bikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora. Sisitemu nto zishobora kugura make nk’amadolari 1.500.
Ibiciro biratandukana bitewe n'ibintu byinshi, harimo ibikoresho wahisemo, ingano ya sisitemu, ikiguzi cyo kuyishyiraho no kuyisana, n'ibindi. Nubwo sisitemu za ICS ari zo zihendutse cyane (hafi $4.000 kuri litiro 60), ntizikora mu bihe byose, bityo niba inzu yawe ibona ubushyuhe busanzwe buri munsi y'ubukonje, nta yandi mahitamo ufite uretse kugura sisitemu ikora itaziguye, cyangwa nibura ukoreshe sisitemu itandukanye mu gihe cy'umwaka.
Uburemere n'ingano bya sisitemu zihendutse zishobora kuba atari ibya buri wese. Niba imiterere yawe idashobora kwihanganira uburemere bwa sisitemu ihendutse cyangwa udafite umwanya, sisitemu ihenze cyane ni yo mahitamo yawe meza.
Niba wubaka inzu nshya cyangwa ukongera inguzanyo, ushobora gushyira ikiguzi cy'icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu nguzanyo yawe. Harimo ikiguzi cy'icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu nguzanyo y'imyaka 30 bizagutwara $13 kugeza $20 ku kwezi. Hamwe n'inkunga ya leta, ushobora kwishyura $10 kugeza $15 ku kwezi. Rero niba wubaka inzu nshya cyangwa ukongera inguzanyo kandi fagitire yawe isanzwe yo gukoresha amazi ashyushye irenga $10- $15 ku kwezi, uzahita utangira kuzigama amafaranga. Uko ukoresha amazi menshi, niko sisitemu izishyura vuba.
Uretse ikiguzi cyo kugura no gushyiraho sisitemu ubwayo, ugomba no gutekereza ku ikiguzi cy'imikorere cya buri mwaka. Muri sisitemu yoroshye idakoresha ingufu, ibi ni bike cyangwa ntibibeho. Ariko muri sisitemu nyinshi zikoresha ibyuma bishyushya amazi bisanzwe n'ibyuma bishyushya imirasire y'izuba, uzagira ikiguzi cyo gushyushya, nubwo ari gito cyane ugereranyije n'ibyuma bishyushya bisanzwe gusa.
Ntabwo ugomba kwishyura igiciro cyose cy’uburyo bushya bwo gushyushya amazi hakoreshejwe imirasire y’izuba. Inguzanyo z’umusoro za leta zishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho. Inguzanyo y’umusoro ku ngufu zisubiramo zo mu mazu (izwi kandi nka ITC cyangwa Inguzanyo y’umusoro ku ishoramari) ishobora gutanga inguzanyo y’umusoro ya 26% ku byuma bishyushya amazi hakoreshejwe imirasire y’izuba. Ariko hari ibisabwa kugira ngo byemewe:
Leta nyinshi, imijyi, n'ibigo by'imari bitanga inkunga n'igabanyirizwa ry'amafaranga yo gushyiraho ibyuma bishyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Reba ububiko bwa DSIRE kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku mategeko agenga imikorere.
Ibikoresho bishyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba biboneka mu masosiyete menshi y'igihugu, nka Home Depot. Ibikoresho bishobora kandi kugurwa mu buryo butaziguye n'umukozi, aho Duda Diesel na Sunbank Solar bitanga amahitamo menshi meza yo gushyushya amazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu ngo. Abashyiramo ibikoresho mu gace bashobora no gutanga ibikoresho byiza byo gushyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.
Kubera ko hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba ugomba kugura, ni byiza gukorana n'inzobere mu gihe uhitamo kandi ugashyiraho sisitemu nini ikoresha imirasire y'izuba.
Ibishyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ntibikunze kugaragara nkuko byahoze. Ibi ahanini biterwa n'igabanuka rikomeye ry'ikiguzi cy'ibishyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, byatumye abantu benshi bari gushyiraho ibishyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bareka gukoresha amashanyarazi aturuka ku bishyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.
Imashini zishyushya amazi zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zifata imitungo itimukanwa y'agaciro, kandi ku ba nyir'amazu bashishikajwe no gukora ingufu zabo bwite z'izuba, bishobora kuba byiza kongera umwanya uhari no gukuraho burundu imashini zishyushya amazi zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, aho kugura imashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba.
Ariko, niba udafite umwanya wo gushyiramo imirasire y'izuba, imirasire y'izuba ishobora kuba ikiri nziza kuko ifata umwanya muto cyane ugereranyije n'imirasire y'izuba. Imirasire y'izuba nayo ni amahitamo meza ku bantu batuye mu turere twa kure cyangwa nk'inyongera ku ngufu zisanzwe zikoreshwa n'izuba. Imirasire y'amazi igezweho ikora neza cyane, kandi iyo ikoreshwa n'izuba kandi ihujwe n'imirasire y'izuba, izigama amafaranga menshi kandi igabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Ku banyanzu benshi, icyemezo gishingiye ku giciro. Ibikoresho bishyushya amazi bikoresha imirasire y'izuba bishobora kugura $13.000. Kugira ngo urebe uburyo sisitemu yuzuye y'izuba itwara inzu yawe, ushobora kubona ikiguzi cy'ubuntu kandi nta kiguzi gitangwa n'ikigo gikomeye gikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu gace utuyemo wuzuza fomu iri hepfo.
Kuba icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba gifite akamaro cyangwa kitari ngombwa biterwa gusa n'aho utuye, ibyo ukeneye n'ibyo ukunda, ndetse niba uteganya gushyiraho paneli z'izuba. Icyuho cyo gutakaza icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoreshwa n'izuba ahanini giterwa no kwiyongera kw'ingufu zikoreshwa n'izuba mu rugo: Abantu bashyiraho icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba nabo bashaka ingufu z'izuba, kandi akenshi bahitamo guhagarika icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba gihatanira umwanya w'agaciro ku gisenge.
Niba ufite umwanya, icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba gishobora kugabanya fagitire yawe y'amazi ashyushye. Bikoreshejwe hamwe n'izindi ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, icyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresha imirasire y'izuba gikomeje kuba amahitamo meza cyane ku ikoreshwa ryose.
Sisitemu isanzwe yo gushyushya amazi hakoreshejwe imirasire y'izuba igura hafi $9.000, aho moderi zigezweho zizamuka zikagera ku $13.000. Amashyushya mato azaba ahendutse cyane, kuva ku $1.000 kugeza ku $3.000.
Ingorane ikomeye y’amashyushya akoresha imirasire y’izuba ni uko adakora mu minsi y’igihu, imvura cyangwa ibicu, cyangwa nijoro. Nubwo ibi bishobora gukemurwa n’amashyushya akoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe, biracyari ikibazo gisanzwe ku ikoranabuhanga ryose rikoreshwa mu mirasire y’izuba. Kubungabunga bishobora kuba ikindi kibazo. Nubwo muri rusange bidasaba isuku nke cyane, amwe mu mashyushya akoresha imirasire y’izuba asaba ko amazi akoreshwa mu buryo buhoraho, kozwa, kandi agakingirwa ingese.
Ibishyushya amazi bikoresha imirasire y'izuba bizenguruka amazi binyuze mu byuma bikusanya amazi bikoresha imirasire y'izuba (akenshi muri byo ni nk'ibikusanya amazi bitagira ingano cyangwa imiyoboro), bigashyushya amazi bikayohereza mu kigega cyangwa mu cyuma gihindura amazi, aho amazi akoreshwa mu gushyushya amazi yo mu rugo.
Christian Yonkers ni umwanditsi, umufotozi, umukinnyi wa filime, akaba n'umukozi wo hanze ushishikajwe no guhuza abantu n'isi. Akorana n'ibigo n'imiryango bifite ingaruka ku mibereho no ku bidukikije, abafasha kuvuga inkuru zihindura isi.