Nangona ixabiso lokuqala lesifudumezi samanzi selanga linokuba phezulu kunesisifudumezi samanzi sendabuko, amandla elanga oza kuwasebenzisa anokuzisa ukonga okukhulu kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo. Amanzi ashushu athatha i-18 ekhulwini yokusetyenziswa kwamandla endlu, kodwa izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zinokunciphisa iindleko zakho zamanzi ashushu ngama-50 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza indlela izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga ezinokukunceda ngayo usebenzise amandla ahlaziyekayo asimahla agcina imali kwaye ancede iplanethi. Uxhotyiswe ngolu lwazi, ungenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo sokuba ingaba isifudumezi samanzi selanga silutyalo-mali olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zamanzi ashushu ekhayeni lakho.
Ukuze ubone ukuba inkqubo yelanga epheleleyo yasekhaya iya kubiza malini ikhaya lakho, ungafumana ikowuteshini yasimahla, engenazibophelelo kwinkampani ephezulu yelanga kwindawo okuyo ngokugcwalisa le fomu ingezantsi.
Umsebenzi osisiseko wesifudumezi samanzi selanga kukubeka amanzi okanye ulwelo lokutshintshiselana nobushushu elangeni uze ujikelezise ulwelo olushushu lubuyele ekhayeni lakho ukuze lusetyenziswe ekhaya. Izinto ezisisiseko zezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga yitanki yokugcina kunye nomqokeleli oqokelela ubushushu obuvela elangeni.
Umqokeleli luluhlu lweepleyiti, iityhubhu okanye iitanki apho amanzi okanye ulwelo lokudlulisa ubushushu lufunxa ubushushu belanga. Ukusuka apho, ulwelo lujikeleza luye kwitanki okanye kwiyunithi yokutshintsha ubushushu.
Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zezona zixhobo zokonga amandla ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekufudumaleni amanzi ngaphambi kokuba zingene kwisifudumezi samanzi sesiqhelo ekhayeni. Kodwa ezinye izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zifudumeza kwaye zigcina amanzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iitanki zemveli, zibonelela ngamanzi ashushu ngokupheleleyo elanga.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga: ezingasebenziyo nezisebenzayo. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini kukuba iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zifuna ipompo ejikelezayo ukuhambisa amanzi, ngelixa iinkqubo ezingasebenziyo zixhomekeke kumxhuzulane ukuhambisa amanzi. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zikwafuna umbane ukuze zisebenze kwaye zinokusebenzisa i-antifreeze njengolwelo lokutshintsha ubushushu.
Kwizixhobo zokuqokelela amandla elanga ezilula, amanzi afudunyezwa kwipayipi aze adityaniswe ngqo kwimpompo ngombhobho xa kuyimfuneko. Izixhobo zokuqokelela amandla elanga ezisebenzayo zisebenzisa i-antifreeze — ukusuka kwisixhobo sokuqokelela amandla elanga ukuya kwisixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu ukufudumeza amanzi okusela ukuze agcinwe kwaye asetyenziswe ekhaya — okanye zifudunyezwe ngokuthe ngqo, aze emva koko zifakwe etankini.
Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo zinezihlokwana ezizinikele kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, imisebenzi, amandla kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Okufanelekileyo kuwe kuya kuxhomekeka kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
Nangona zibiza kakhulu kuneenkqubo ezingasebenziyo, izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga ezisebenzayo zisebenza ngcono. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeenkqubo zokufudumeza amanzi zelanga ezisebenzayo:
Kwinkqubo esebenzayo ngqo, amanzi okusela angena ngqo kwisixhobo sokuqokelela aze aye kwitanki yokugcina ukuze asetyenziswe. Afaneleka kakhulu kwimozulu epholileyo apho amaqondo obushushu angafane angene ngaphantsi kweqhwa.
Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ezingathanga ngqo zijikeleza ulwelo olungafakwanga efrijini ngokusebenzisa iziqokeleli zelanga zize zingene kwisixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu apho ubushushu bolwelo budluliselwa emanzini okusela. Amanzi emva koko aphinda asetyenziswe kwitanki yokugcina ukuze asetyenziswe ekhaya. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ezingathanga ngqo zibalulekile kwiindawo ezibandayo apho amaqondo obushushu adla ngokuhla ngaphantsi kweqhwa. Ngaphandle kweenkqubo ezisebenzayo ezingathanga ngqo, imibhobho isengozini yokubanda nokugqabhuka.
Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga ezingasebenziyo ziyindlela engabizi kwaye ilula, kodwa zikwadla ngokungasebenzi kakuhle kuneenkqubo ezisebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, zinokuthenjwa ngakumbi kwaye zihlale ixesha elide, ngoko ke akufuneki uzityeshele njengenketho, ingakumbi ukuba unebhajethi encinci.
Inkqubo ye-Integrated Collector Storage (ICS) yeyona ilula kuzo zonke izixhobo zokufudumeza amanzi zelanga – i-collector ingasetyenziswa njengetanki yokugcina. Zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa zisebenza kuphela kwiimeko zemozulu ezinomngcipheko omncinci wokukhenkcezwa. Inkqubo ye-ICS inokuba lula njengetanki enkulu emnyama okanye uthotho lweepayipi ezincinci zobhedu ezincamatheliswe eluphahleni. Iiyunithi ze-ICS ezineetyhubhu zobhedu zishushu ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokwanda komphezulu, kodwa zichitha ubushushu ngokukhawuleza ngesizathu esifanayo.
Iinkqubo ze-ICS zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi kwangaphambili kwii-heaters eziqhelekileyo. Kwinkqubo enjalo, xa kufuneka amanzi, aphuma kwitanki yokugcina/i-collector aye kwi-heater yamanzi yesiqhelo ekhayeni.
Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kwiinkqubo ze-ICS bubungakanani nobunzima: kuba iitanki ngokwazo zikwaqokelela, zikhulu kwaye zinzima. Ulwakhiwo kufuneka lomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa inkqubo ye-ICS enkulu, enokuba ingasebenzi okanye ingenzeki kwamanye amakhaya. Enye ingxaki yenkqubo ye-ICS kukuba ithambekele ekubeni lukhuni kwaye iqhume xa kubanda, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo okanye ezinye iindawo ezibandayo ngaphambi kokuba kufike imozulu ebandayo.
Iinkqubo ze-thermosyphon zixhomekeke kwi-thermal cycle. Amanzi ajikeleza njengoko amanzi afudumeleyo enyuka kwaye amanzi abandayo ehla. Zinetanki efana neyunithi ye-ICS, kodwa umqokeleli wehla ezantsi etankini ukuze avumele i-thermal cycle.
Umqokeleli we-thermosiphon uqokelela ukukhanya kwelanga aze athumele amanzi ashushu etankini ngeluphu evaliweyo okanye umbhobho wobushushu. Nangona ii-thermosiphon zisebenza kakuhle kuneenkqubo ze-ICS, azinakusetyenziswa apho kwenziwa khona ukukhutshwa rhoqo.
Okukhona usebenzisa amanzi ashushu amaninzi, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba isifudumezi sakho samanzi selanga sizihlawulele ngokuhamba kwexesha. Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zezona zingabizi kakhulu kumakhaya anamalungu amaninzi okanye aswele amanzi ashushu amaninzi.
Isifudumezi samanzi selanga esiqhelekileyo sixabisa malunga ne-$9,000 ngaphambi kokuba kubekho izibonelelo zikarhulumente, sifikelela kwi-$13,000 kwiimodeli ezisebenzayo ezinomthamo ophezulu. Iinkqubo ezincinci zinokubiza imali encinci njenge-$1,500.
Amaxabiso ayahluka ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka izinto ozikhethileyo, ubungakanani benkqubo, iindleko zokufakela nokulungisa, nokunye. Nangona iinkqubo ze-ICS ziyindlela engabizi kakhulu (malunga ne-$4,000 kwiyunithi engama-60-gallon), azisebenzi kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu, ngoko ke ukuba ikhaya lakho libona amaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo ngaphantsi kweqhwa, awunakukhetha ngaphandle kokuchitha imali Thenga inkqubo esebenzayo engathanga ngqo, okanye ubuncinci usebenzise inkqubo eyahlukileyo inxalenye yonyaka.
Ubunzima kunye nobukhulu beenkqubo ezingabizi kakhulu zisenokungabi zezomntu wonke. Ukuba isakhiwo sakho asikwazi ukumelana nobunzima benkqubo engasebenziyo okanye awunayo indawo, inkqubo esebenzayo ebiza kakhulu kwakhona yeyona ndlela ilungileyo.
Ukuba wakha indlu entsha okanye uphinda uhlawule imali, ungabala iindleko zesifudumezi sakho samanzi esitsha selanga kwimali mboleko yakho. Ukubandakanya iindleko zesifudumezi samanzi esitsha selanga kwimali mboleko yeminyaka engama-30 kuya kukubiza i-$13 ukuya kwi-$20 ngenyanga. Xa zidityaniswe nezikhuthazo zikarhulumente, ungahlawula imali encinci njenge-$10 ukuya kwi-$15 ngenyanga. Ngoko ke ukuba wakha entsha okanye uphinda uhlawule imali kwaye ityala lakho lamanzi ashushu lesiqhelo lingaphezulu kwe-$10-$15 ngenyanga, uya kuqala ukonga imali ngoko nangoko. Okukhona usebenzisa amanzi amaninzi, kokukhona inkqubo iya kuzihlawulela ngokukhawuleza.
Ukongeza kwindleko yokuthenga nokufaka inkqubo ngokwayo, kufuneka uqwalasele neendleko zokusebenza zonyaka. Kwinkqubo elula engasebenziyo, oku akunamsebenzi okanye akunjalo. Kodwa kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezisebenzisa izifudumezi zamanzi eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifudumezi zelanga, uya kufumana ezinye iindleko zokufudumeza, nangona ziphantsi kakhulu kunezifudumezi eziqhelekileyo zodwa.
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhlawule ixabiso elipheleleyo lenkqubo entsha yokufudumeza amanzi ngelanga. Iikhredithi zerhafu zikarhulumente zinokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokufakela. Ikhredithi yerhafu yamandla ahlaziyekayo eFederal Residential (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-ITC okanye ikhredithi yerhafu yotyalo-mali) inokubonelela ngekhredithi yerhafu ye-26% kwiiheater zamanzi ngelanga. Kodwa kukho ezinye iimeko zokufaneleka:
Amaphondo amaninzi, oomasipala, kunye neenkonzo zikamasipala zibonelela ngezibonelelo zazo kunye nezaphulelo zokufaka izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga. Jonga isiseko sedatha seDSIRE ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya ngemithetho.
Izixhobo zesifudumezi samanzi selanga ziyafumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe, ezifana neHome Depot. Iiyunithi zingathengwa ngokuthe ngqo kumvelisi, iDuda Diesel kunye neSunbank Solar zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza amanzi zelanga ezihlala abantu. Abafaki beendawo banokubonelela ngeesifumezi zamanzi zelanga ezisemgangathweni.
Ekubeni zininzi izinto ezichaphazela ukuba yeyiphi i-solar water heater omele uyithenge, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzisane nengcali xa ukhetha kwaye ufaka inkqubo enkulu yokufudumeza amanzi elanga.
Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga azixhaphakanga njengangaphambili. Oku kungenxa yokuhla okukhulu kwexabiso leephaneli zelanga, nto leyo ekhokelele abantu abaninzi ababenokufaka izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga ukuba bayeke ukusebenzisa umbane oveliswa ziiphaneli zelanga ukufudumeza amanzi.
Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zithatha izindlu ezixabisekileyo, kwaye kubanini bezindlu abanomdla wokuvelisa amandla abo elanga, kunokuba nengqiqo ngakumbi ukwandisa indawo ekhoyo kunye nokususa ngokupheleleyo izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga, endaweni yoko bathenge iiphaneli zelanga.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awunandawo yokufaka iiphaneli zelanga, ii-solar water heaters zisenokuba zifanelekile kuba zithatha indawo encinci kakhulu kuneephaneli zelanga. Ii-solar water heaters nazo ziyindlela entle kubantu abahlala kwiindawo ezikude okanye njenge-eco-friendly inconotive add-on kumandla elanga akhoyo. Ii-solar water heaters zanamhlanje zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kwaye xa zisebenza ngamandla elanga kwaye zidibene nee-solar water heaters, ziya konga imali eninzi kwi-wallet yakho kwaye zinciphise ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ukufudumala komhlaba.
Kwabaninzi abanini bezindlu, isigqibo sixhomekeke kwixabiso. Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zingabiza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-$13,000. Ukuze ubone ukuba inkqubo yelanga epheleleyo yekhaya lakho iya kubiza malini, ungafumana ikowuteshini yasimahla, engenazibophelelo kwinkampani ephezulu yelanga kwindawo okuyo ngokugcwalisa le fomu ingezantsi.
Ukuba i-solar water heater ifanelekile okanye ayifanelekanga kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwindawo ohlala kuyo, iimfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozithandayo, kunye nokuba uceba ukufaka iipaneli zelanga. Umhlaba olahlekileyo wee-solar water heaters ubangelwa kakhulu kukwanda kwe-solar yasekhaya: Abantu abafaka ii-solar water heaters nabo bafuna amandla elanga, kwaye badla ngokukhetha ukuyeka ii-solar water heaters ezikhuphisana ngendawo exabisekileyo yophahla.
Ukuba unayo indawo, isifudumezi samanzi selanga sinokunciphisa iindleko zakho zamanzi ashushu. Xa zisetyenziswa kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zihlala zilukhetho oluhle phantse kuyo nayiphi na indlela yokusetyenziswa.
Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokufudumeza amanzi ngelanga ixabisa malunga ne-$9,000, kwaye iimodeli eziphezulu zifikelela kwi-$13,000. Iifudumeza ezincinci ziya kuba nexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-$1,000 ukuya kwi-$3,000.
Eyona ngxaki inkulu yezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga kukuba azisebenzi kwiintsuku ezinenkungu, ezinemvula okanye ezinamafu, okanye ebusuku. Nangona oku kunokoyiswa ngezifudumezi ezincedisayo zemveli, kuseyingxaki eqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iiteknoloji zelanga. Ukugcinwa kwayo kusenokuba lolunye uvalelo. Nangona ngokubanzi kufuna ulondolozo oluncinci, ezinye izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zifuna ukukhutshwa kwamanzi rhoqo, ukucoca, kunye nokukhuselwa kokugqwala.
Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zijikeleza ulwelo ngeengqokelela zelanga (ezidla ngokuba ziingqokelela zepleyiti ezisicaba okanye iityhubhu), zifudumale ulwelo zize ziluthumele kwitanki okanye kwi-exchanger, apho ulwelo lusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi asekhaya.
UChristian Yonkers ngumbhali, umfoti, umenzi wefilimu, kunye nomntu othanda ukudibana kwabantu neplanethi. Usebenza neebhrendi kunye nemibutho enempembelelo enkulu kwezentlalo nakwindalo, ebanceda ukubalisa amabali atshintsha ihlabathi.