Kunyange hazvo mutengo wekutanga we solar water heater ungave wakakwira kupfuura wekare, simba rezuva rauchashandisa rinogona kukuchengetedza mari yakawanda uye kubatsira nharaunda. Mvura inopisa inoumba 18 muzana yesimba rinoshandiswa pamba, asi solar water heater inogona kuderedza bhiri remvura inopisa ne50 kusvika 80 muzana.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichatsanangura kuti ma "solar water heater" angakubatsira sei kushandisa simba remagetsi rinodzokororwa mahara rinochengetedza mari uye rinobatsira pasi rose. Uine ruzivo urwu, unogona kusarudza zvakanaka kana "solar water heater" iri mari yakanaka yekudyara kumba kwako.
Kuti uone kuti imba yako ichadhura marii nemagetsi ezuva, unogona kuwana mutengo wemahara, usingabhadhariswi kubva kukambani yepamusoro yemagetsi ezuva munharaunda yako nekuzadza fomu riri pazasi.
Basa guru remuchina wekupisa mvura une simba rezuva nderekuisa mvura kana mvura inodziya muchiedza chezuva wozoidzosera kumba kwako kuti ishandiswe pamba. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba muchina wekupisa mvura une simba rezuva itangi rekuchengetera zvinhu uye muchina wekuunganidza mvura inodziya kubva kuzuva.
Muunganidzi imhando yemaplate, machubhu kana matangi ayo mvura kana mvura inotapurira kupisa inonwisa kupisa kwezuva. Kubva ipapo, mvura inotenderera ichienda kutangi kana unit yekutsinhana kupisa.
Mahita emvura ezuva ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza simba pakupisa mvura usati waisa muhita yemvura yemazuva ose mumba. Asi mamwe mahita emvura ezuva anopisa uye anochengeta mvura pasina kushandisa matangi echinyakare, zvichipa mvura inopisa yakazara nezuva.
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzezvidziyo zvemvura zvinoshandisa simba rezuva: zvisingashande (passive) uye zvinoshanda (active). Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi ndewekuti masisitimu anoshanda anoda pombi inotenderera kuti ifambise mvura, nepo masisitimu asingashande (passive) anovimba negiravhiti kuti afambise mvura. Masisitimu anoshanda anodawo magetsi kuti ashande uye anogona kushandisa antifreeze semvura inochinja-chinja kupisa.
Muzvinhu zviri nyore zvinounganidza simba rezuva, mvura inodziiswa mupombi uye yozobatanidzwa zvakananga kupombi kuburikidza nepombi kana zvichidikanwa. Zvigadzirwa zvinounganidza simba rezuva zvinoshandisa antifreeze - kubva kuchinhu chinounganidza simba rezuva kuenda kuchinhu chinochinja kupisa kuti zvipise mvura yekunwa yekuchengetera nekushandisa pamba - kana kuti kupisa mvura zvakananga, iyo inozopombwa mutangi.
Masisitimu anoshanda uye asingashande ane zvikamu zvidiki zvakatsaurirwa kune mamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekunze, mabasa, kugona uye bhajeti. Izvo zvakakunakira zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvinotevera:
Kunyangwe zvichidhura kupfuura masisitimu asingashande, maheater emvura anoshanda nesolar anoshanda zviri nani. Kune mhando mbiri dzemasisitimu ekupisa mvura anoshanda nesolar:
Munzira inoshanda zvakananga, mvura inonwiwa inopinda zvakananga nemuchina wekuunganidza mvura yopinda mutangi rekuchengetera mvura kuti ishandiswe. Inonyanya kukodzera mamiriro ekunze akapfava uko tembiricha isingawanzodzikira pasi pechando.
Masisitimu anoshanda asina kujeka anotenderera mvura isina kujeka mufiriji kuburikidza nemagetsi ezuva uye opinda muchina unochinja-chinja kupisa uko kupisa kwemvura kunoendeswa kumvura yekunwa. Mvura yacho inozodzokororwa kutangi rekuchengetera zvinhu kuti ishandiswe pamba. Masisitimu anoshanda asina kujeka akakosha kunzvimbo dzinotonhora uko tembiricha dzinowanzodzikira pasi pechando. Pasina masisitimu anoshanda asina kujeka, mapaipi ane njodzi yekuomeswa nechando nekuputika.
Maheater emvura ezuva asingashande isarudzo yakachipa uye iri nyore, asi anowanzo shanda zvishoma pane masisitimu anoshanda. Zvisinei, anogona kuva akavimbika uye anogara kwenguva refu, saka haufanirwe kuaregeredza sesarudzo, kunyanya kana usina bhajeti rakawanda.
Sisitimu yeIntegrated Collector Storage (ICS) ndiyo iri nyore pane dzese dzinoiswa pakupisa mvura yezuva - muunganidzi anogonawo kushandiswa setangi rekuchengetera. Inoshanda zvikuru, asi inoshanda chete mumamiriro ekunze ane njodzi shoma yekuomeswa nechando. Sisitimu yeICS inogona kunge iri nyore setangi hombe dema kana mapaipi madiki emhangura akabatanidzwa padenga. Mayuniti eICS ane machubhu emhangura anokurumidza kupisa nekuda kwenzvimbo yakawedzera, asi anodzima kupisa nekukurumidza nekuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete.
Masisitimu eICS anowanzo shandiswa kudziisa mvura yekupisa zvinhu zvemazuva ano. Musisitimu yakadaro, kana mvura ichidiwa, inobva mutangi rekuchengetera/muchina wekuunganidza mvura yoenda kuhita yemvura yemazuva ano mumba.
Chinhu chakakosha kufunga nezvacho nezveICS systems ihukuru nehuremu: nekuti matangi pachawo anounganidzawo, akakura uye anorema. Kuvaka kunofanira kunge kwakasimba zvakakwana kuti kutsigire ICS system yakakura, iyo ingave isingashande kana kuti isingagoneke kune dzimwe dzimba. Chimwe chakaipa cheICS system ndechekuti inowanzoomeswa nechando uye kutoputika kana kuchitonhora, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinodziya kana kuti kudonha kwemvura kusati kwatanga kutonhora.
Masisitimu eThermosyphon anoshandisa thermal cycle. Mvura inotenderera mvura inodziya painokwira uye mvura inotonhora ichidonha. Ane tangi rakafanana neICS unit, asi muunganidzi anodzika kubva mutangi kuti abvumire thermal cycle.
Muchina wekuunganidza thermosiphon unounganidza chiedza chezuva wodzosera mvura inopisa kutangi kuburikidza nepaipi yekupisa yakavharwa. Kunyange zvazvo thermosiphon dzichishanda zviri nani kupfuura masisitimu eICS, hadzigone kushandiswa uko kunoburitswa mvura nguva dzose.
Kana mukashandisa mvura inopisa yakawanda, mukana wekuti hita yenyu yemvura yezuva izvibhadhare nekufamba kwenguva. Mahita emvura ezuva ndiwo anonyanya kushanda zvakanaka kumhuri dzine vanhu vakawanda kana dzine vanhu vakawanda vanoda mvura inopisa.
Chidziyo chemvura chinoshandiswa nemagetsi chezuva chinodhura mari inosvika $9,000 isati yashandiswa nehurumende, zvichisvika $13,000 kumamodheru anoshanda ane simba rakawanda. Masisitimu madiki anogona kudhura mari inosvika $1,500.
Mitengo inosiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira sarudzo yako yezvinhu, saizi yesystem, mari yekuisa nekugadzirisa, nezvimwe. Kunyange hazvo masisitimu eICS ari iwo sarudzo yakachipa (inenge $4,000 yeyuniti yemagaroni makumi matanhatu), haashande munzvimbo dzese dzekunze, saka kana imba yako ikaona tembiricha dzakajairwa dziri pasi pechando, hauna sarudzo kunze kwekushandisa mari yekutenga sisitimu inoshanda isina kujeka, kana kushandisa sisitimu yakasiyana kwechikamu chegore.
Huremu nehukuru hwemasisitimu asingadhuri zvakanyanya zvinogona kunge zvisiri zvemunhu wese. Kana chimiro chako chisingakwanise kutakura huremu hwesisitimu isingadhuri kana kuti usina nzvimbo, sisitimu inoshanda inodhura ndiyo sarudzo yako yakanakisa zvakare.
Kana uri kuvaka imba itsva kana kuti kubhadharisa mari itsva, unogona kuisa mari ye solar water heater yako itsva mumortgage yako. Kusanganisira mutengo we solar water heater itsva mumortgage yemakore makumi matatu kuchakudhura $13 kusvika $20 pamwedzi. Pamwe chete nekukurudzira kwehurumende, unogona kubhadhara mari shoma se $10 kusvika $15 pamwedzi. Saka kana uri kuvaka imba itsva kana kubhadharisa mari itsva uye bhiri rako remvura inopisa rinopfuura $10-$15 pamwedzi, uchatanga kuchengetedza mari ipapo ipapo. Mvura yaunoshandisa yakawanda, system yacho ichazvibhadhara nekukurumidza.
Pamusoro pemutengo wekutenga nekuisa sisitimu yacho pachayo, unofanirawo kufunga nezvemutengo wekushandisa wepagore. Musisitimu iri nyore, izvi hazvina basa kana kuti kwete. Asi mumasisitimu mazhinji anoshandisa maheater emvura echinyakare nemaheater ezuva, uchabhadhara mamwe mari yekudziyisa, kunyangwe yakaderera pane nemaheater echinyakare chete.
Haufanire kubhadhara mutengo wakazara wesystem itsva yekudziisa mvura yezuva. Federal tax credits inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekuisa. Federal Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit (inozivikanwawo seITC kana Investment Tax Credit) inogona kupa 26% yemutero wemagetsi ekudziisa mvura yezuva. Asi pane zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti zvikodzere:
Matunhu mazhinji, madhorobha, nemakambani anopawo mari yekukurudzira nekudzorera mari yekuisa ma solar water heaters. Tarisa database yeDSIRE kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwemitemo.
Zvishandiso zve solar water heater zvinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika, dzakadai seHome Depot. Zvishandiso zvinogonawo kutengwa zvakananga kubva kumugadziri, Duda Diesel neSunbank Solar zvichipa sarudzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakanaka dze solar water heater dzekugara. Vanoisa vemunharaunda vanogonawo kupa ma solar water heater emhando yepamusoro.
Sezvo paine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopesvedzera kuti ndeipi solar water heater yaunofanira kutenga, zvinokurudzirwa kushanda nenyanzvi pakusarudza nekuisa solar water heating system yakakura.
Mahita emvura ezuva haasisina kuwanda sezvaaimboita kare. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuderera kukuru kwemitengo yemapaneru ezuva, izvo zvakaita kuti vanhu vazhinji vangadai vakaisa mahita emvura ezuva varege kushandisa magetsi anogadzirwa nemapaneru ezuva kudziyisa mvura.
Ma solar water heaters anotora zvivakwa zvinokosha, uye kune varidzi vedzimba vanofarira kugadzira simba ravo rezuva, zvingave zvine musoro kuwedzera nzvimbo iripo uye kubvisa zvachose ma solar water heaters, pachinzvimbo chekutenga solar panels.
Zvisinei, kana usina nzvimbo yekuisa ma solar panels, ma solar water heaters anogona kunge achiri kushanda zvakanaka sezvo asingatore nzvimbo yakawanda kupfuura ma solar panels. Ma solar water heaters isarudzo yakanaka kune vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dziri kure kana senzira yekuwedzera simba rezuva riripo. Ma solar water heaters emazuva ano anoshanda zvakanaka, uye kana achishandiswa nesimba rezuva uye akabatanidzwa nema solar water heaters, achachengetedza mari yakawanda uye anoderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi anokonzera greenhouse.
Kune varidzi vedzimba vazhinji, sarudzo inoenderana nemutengo. Mahita emvura ezuva anogona kudhura kusvika kumadhora zviuru gumi nezvitatu ($13,000). Kuti uone kuti sisitimu yezuva yakakwana yepamba ichadhura sei imba yako, unogona kuwana mutengo wemahara, usingasungirwi kubva kukambani yepamusoro yezuva munharaunda yako nekuzadza fomu riri pazasi.
Kuti solar water heater inobatsira here kana kuti kwete zvinoenderana nekuti unogara kupi, zvaunoda uye zvaunofarira, uye kuti unoronga kuisa solar panels here. Kurasikirwa kwe solar water heater kunokonzerwa nekuwanda kwe solar pamba: Vanhu vanoisa solar water heater vanodawo simba rezuva, uye vanowanzo sarudza kurega solar water heaters dzinokwikwidzana nenzvimbo inokosha padenga.
Kana muine nzvimbo yacho, hita yemvura yezuva inogona kuderedza mari yenyu yemvura inopisa. Zvichishandiswa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinoshandisa simba rinogona kushandiswazve, hita dzemvura dzezuva dzinoramba dziri sarudzo yakanaka kune chero nzira yekushandisa.
Sisitimu yemagetsi inodziisa mvura yezuva inodhura mari inosvika $9,000, uye mamodheru emhando yepamusoro anodarika $13,000. Mahita madiki achadhura zvakanyanya, kubva pa$1,000 kusvika $3,000.
Dambudziko guru rema "solar water heater" nderekuti haashande mumazuva ane mhute, mvura inonaya kana makore, kana husiku. Kunyange hazvo izvi zvichigona kugadziriswa ne "assistance heater" yechinyakare, ichiri dambudziko rinowanikwa mune matekinoroji ese ezuva. Kugadzirisa kunogona kuve kumwe kudzima. Kunyange hazvo kazhinji kuchida kugadziriswa kushoma, mamwe ma "solar water heater" anoda dziviriro yemvura nguva dzose, kucheneswa, uye ngura.
Ma "solar water heaters" anotenderera mvura kuburikidza ne "solar collectors" (kazhinji kacho "flat plate" kana "tube collectors"), anodziisa mvura yacho oitumira kutangi kana "exchanger", uko mvura yacho inoshandiswa kudziisa mvura yemumba.
Christian Yonkers munyori, mutori wemifananidzo, mugadziri wemafirimu, uye munhu anofarira kusangana kwevanhu nepasi. Anoshanda nemakambani nemasangano ane simba guru pamagariro evanhu nezvakatipoteredza, achivabatsira kutaura nyaya dzinochinja nyika.