Kugadzirwa kwepombi kana pombi kunobudirira uye kwakanaka kunoda kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zviuru gumi, kusanganisira kugadziriswa kwemidziyo. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinofamba mumhando yega yega yechigayo uye chidimbu chega chega chemidziyo yekunze, kutevedzera purogiramu yekudzivirira inokurudzirwa nemugadziri haisi basa riri nyore. Mufananidzo: T & H Lemont Inc.
Chinyorwa cheMupepeti: Ichi chikamu chekutanga chezvikamu zviviri pamusoro pekugadzirisa mashandiro echubhu kana pombi. Verenga chikamu chechipiri.
Kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemachubhu kunogona kunetsa, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Mafekitori akaoma, anoda kugadziriswa nguva dzose, uye zvichienderana nezvaanogadzira, makwikwi akasimba. Vagadziri vazhinji vemapombi esimbi vari pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kwekuwedzera nguva yekushandisa kuti vawane mari yakawanda, vasina nguva yakawanda yekugadzirisa nguva dzose.
Hapana mamiriro ezvinhu akanakisa muindasitiri mazuva ano. Zvinhu zvinodhura uye kutumirwa kwezvikamu hazviwanzoitika. Iye zvino kupfuura nakare kose, vagadziri vemapombi vanofanirwa kuwedzera nguva yekushandisa uye kuderedza marara, uye kugamuchira kutumirwa kwezvikamu zvinoreva kuderedza nguva yekushandisa. Kufamba kwenguva pfupi kunoreva kuchinjana kakawanda, izvo zvisiri kushandisa nguva zvakanaka kana basa.
"Nguva yekugadzira zvinhu iri pamutengo wepamusoro pari zvino," akadaro Mark Prasek, Maneja weKutengesa Matubhingi eNorth American kuEFD Induction.
Hurukuro nenyanzvi dzeindasitiri pamusoro pemazano uye nzira dzekushandisa zvakanyanya kubva mufekitori yako dzakaratidza dingindira rinogara richidzokororwa:
Kumhanyisa chirimwa nekushanda zvakanaka zvinoreva kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakawanda, zvakawanda zvacho zvichibatana nezvimwe, saka kugadzirisa mashandiro echirimwa hakusi nyore. Shoko Dzvene remunyori weThe Tube & Pipe Journal, Bud Graham, rinopa maonero ekuti: "Chigayo chemachubhu chinotakura maturusi." Kuyeuka mashoko aya kunobatsira kuti zvinhu zvive nyore. Kunzwisisa zvinoitwa nechishandiso chimwe nechimwe, mashandiro azvo, uye kuti chishandiso chimwe nechimwe chinoshanda sei nezvimwe maturusi inyaya yehondo. Kuchengetedza zvese zvakarongeka uye zvakarongeka chimwe chezvitatu zvacho. Chechitatu chekupedzisira chinosanganisira mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa evashandisi, nzira dzekugadzirisa matambudziko, uye maitiro chaiwo ekushanda akasiyana kune mugadziri wega wega wepombi kana pombi.
Chinhu chikuru chekufunga nezvekushandisa chigayo zvakanaka ndechekuti chigayo hachina kuvharwa. Kuwana simba guru kubva kuchigayo zvinoreva kuti chigayo chimwe nechimwe chinopihwa chigayo. Zvinotanga nekusarudza kutenga.
kureba kwekoiri.Nelson Abbey, director weFives Bronx Inc. Abbey Products, akati: “Tube mills inobudirira kana koiri dziri refu kupfuura dzose. Kugadzira koiri pfupi zvinoreva kugadzira magumo akawanda ekoiri. Kuguma kwekoiri imwe neimwe kunoda weld yebutt. Weld yega yega yebutt inogadzira tsvina.
Dambudziko riripo pano nderekuti makoiri akareba sezvinobvira anogona kutengeswa nemutengo wepamusoro. Makoiri mapfupi anogona kuwanikwa nemitengo iri nani. Vatengesi vanogona kuda kuchengetedza mari, asi izvi hazvienderane nemaonero evashandi vekugadzira. Anenge munhu wese anotungamira fekitori angabvumirana kuti mutsauko wemutengo unofanirwa kuve wakakura kuti utsive kurasikirwa kwekugadzira kunokonzerwa nekuvharwa kwefekitori.
Chimwe chinhu chinofanira kufungwa nezvacho, Abbey akadaro, kugona kwemuchina wekubvisa machira pamwe nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi pakupinda kwemuchina. Zvingave zvakakosha kuisa mari mumidziyo yepamusoro yekupinda kuti ubate machira makuru, anorema kuti uwane mabhenefiti ekutenga machira makuru.
Kuchekerera simbi kunokoshawo, kungave kuchekerera kwacho kuchiitwa mumba kana kuti kunze. Kuchekerera simbi uku kune huremu hwakakura uye dhayamita yaunogona kubata, saka kuwana mawirirano akanakisa pakati pemakoiri nemakoiri kwakakosha kuti pave nekubudirira kukuru.
Muchidimbu, inyaya yekudyidzana pakati pezvinhu zvina: saizi nehuremu hwekoiri, upamhi hunodiwa hwemuchina wekupinza, kugona kwemuchina wekupinza, uye kugona kwemidziyo yekupinda.
Upamhi hwemakoira uye mamiriro awo. Pachitoro, zviri pachena kuti makoira anofanira kunge aine upamhi hwakakodzera uye gauge chaiyo kuti agadzire chigadzirwa, asi zvikanganiso zvinoitika nguva nenguva. Vashandi vemichina vanogona kutsiva upamhi hwemakoira hudiki zvishoma kana hukuru zvakanyanya, asi izvi zvinongova nyaya yehukuru. Kunyatsotarisa upamhi hwemakoira emulch kwakakosha.
Mamiriro emucheto wemutsara uyu ndiwo zvakare nyaya inonyanya kukosha. Kuonekwa kwemucheto kwakafanana, pasina maburi kana zvimwe zvinopesana, kwakakosha pakuchengetedza ma weld akafanana pakureba kwemutsara, anodaro Michael Strand, purezidhendi weT&H Lemont. Kutanga kumonereka, kutsemuka uye kudzoreredza kunoshandawo. Ma coil asina kubatwa zvakanaka anogona kukotama, izvo zvine dambudziko. Maitiro ekugadzira akagadzirwa nemainjiniya e roll die anotanga ne flat strip pane curved strip.
Zvinyorwa zveZvishandiso. "Kugadzirwa kwakanaka kwechiumbwe kunowedzera simba rekushandisa," akadaro Stan Green, maneja mukuru weSST Forming Roll Inc. Anoti hapana nzira imwe chete yekugadzira machubhu, uye nekudaro hapana nzira imwe chete yekugadzira chiumbwe. Vatengesi vezvishandiso zvemachubhu vanosiyana mukushanda kwavo nemachubhu uye nekudaro zvigadzirwa zvavo. Mibairo inosiyanawo.
"Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yekutenderera iri kuchinja nguva dzose, saka kumhanya kwechishandiso kunochinja pamusoro pechishandiso," akadaro. Ehe, chubhu inopfuura nemuchigayo nekumhanya kumwe chete. Saka, dhizaini inokanganisa goho. Dhizaini isina kunaka inotambisa zvinhu kana chishandiso chiri chitsva, uye zvinongowedzera kuipa sezvo chishandiso chikapera, akawedzera.
Kumakambani asingatevedzere nzira yekudzidzisa nekugadzirisa, kugadzira nzira yekuvandudza mashandiro emiti kunotanga nezvinhu zvekutanga.
"Pasinei nerudzi rwefekitori uye zvigadzirwa zvainogadzira, mafekitori ese ane zvinhu zviviri zvakafanana—vashandisi uye maitiro ekushanda," akadaro Abbey. Kutungamira fekitori nguva dzose sezvinobvira inyaya yekupa kudzidziswa kwakajairika uye kutevedzera maitiro akanyorwa, akadaro. Kusawirirana mukudzidziswa kunogona kukonzera kusiyana mukugadzirisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko.
Kuti muwane zvakawanda kubva pafekitari, kubva pamushandisi kuenda kumushandisi, chinja kuenda kuchinja, mushandisi wega wega anofanira kushandisa nzira dzakafanana dzekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko. Chero musiyano wemaitiro unowanzova nyaya yekusanzwisisana, tsika dzakaipa, nzira dzepfupi, uye nzira dzekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinogara zvichiita kuti zviome kumhanyisa fekitari zvakanaka. Matambudziko aya anogona kunge ari emuno kana kuunzwa kana vashandi vakadzidziswa vakatorwa kubva kune vanokwikwidza, asi kwakabva hapana musiyano. Kuenderana kwakakosha, kusanganisira vashandi vane ruzivo.
"Zvinotora makore kudzidzisa mushandi wemuchina wekugadzira machubhu, uye haugone kuvimba nehurongwa hwezvinhu zvese," akadaro Strand. "Kambani yega yega inoda chirongwa chekudzidzisa chinoenderana nefekitori yayo nemabasa ayo."
"Zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka ndezvekugadzirisa michina, kugadzirisa zvinoshandiswa uye kugadzirisa zvinhu," akadaro Dan Ventura, purezidhendi weVentura & Associates. "Muchina une zvikamu zvakawanda zvinofamba - kungave chiri chigayo pachacho kana zvinhu zviri pamucheto wekupinda kana wekubuda, kana tafura yekubaya, kana kuti chii chaunacho - uye kugadzirisa nguva dzose kwakakosha kuti muchina ugare uri mumamiriro akanaka."
Strand anobvumirana nazvo. "Kushandisa chirongwa chekuongorora kuchengetedza ndiko kunotangira zvese," akadaro. "Zvinopa mukana wakanakisa wekutungamira fekitari nepurofiti. Kana mugadziri wemapombi akangopindura kune njodzi chete, anenge asisadzoreki. Zviri pasi pedambudziko rinotevera."
"Chishandiso chega chega chiri pagayo chinofanira kunge chakarongeka," akadaro Ventura. "Zvikasadaro, fekitori ichazvirwisa pachayo."
"Kazhinji, kana mipumburu yadarika nguva yayo yekushanda, inoshanda zvakasimba uye pakupedzisira inotsemuka," akadaro Ventura.
“Kana marori acho asina kuchengetwa zvakanaka uye achigadziriswa nguva dzose, saka anoda kugadziriswa nekukurumidza,” anodaro Ventura. Kana maturusi acho akaregeredzwa, kuagadzirisa kwaizoda kubviswa kaviri kana katatu kupfuura zvinhu zvavaizofanira kubvisa, akadaro. Zvinotorawo nguva yakareba uye zvinodhura zvakawanda.
Kudyara mari muzvishandiso zvekuchengetedza kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira njodzi, Strand akadaro. Kana chishandiso ichi chikashandiswa kakawanda kwenguva refu, panodiwa zvimwe zvikamu kupfuura chishandiso chinoshandiswa nguva nenguva pakushanda kwenguva pfupi. Basa rechishandiso rinokanganisawo huwandu hwenzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Zvipenga zvinogona kubva pazvishandiso zvemapenga uye mipumburu yeweld inogona kukanganiswa nekupisa kwebhokisi reweld, matambudziko asingakanganisi kuumbwa uye saizi yemipumburu.
"Kugadzirisa nguva dzose kwakanaka pamidziyo, uye kurongeka kwakakodzera kwakanakira zvigadzirwa zvainogadzira," akadaro. Kana izvi zvikasateererwa, vashandi vefekitori vanopedza nguva yakawanda vachiedza kutsiva. Nguva ino inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakanaka, zvinotengeswa zvakanyanya. Zvinhu izvi zviviri zvakakosha uye zvinowanzoregeredzwa kana kufuratirwa zvekuti, mukuona kwaVentura, zvinopa mukana wakanakisa wekuwana zvakawanda kubva mufekitori, kuwedzera goho uye kuderedza marara.
Ventura inofananidza kugadziriswa kwemuchina wekugaya nemidziyo inodyiwa nemotokari nekugadzirisa mota. Hapana munhu achatyaira mota kwemakiromita zviuru makumi maviri pakati pekuchinja mafuta nematayi asina chinhu. Izvi zvinotungamira kumhinduro dzinodhura kana kuparadzwa, kunyangwe kumafekitori asina kutarisirwa zvakanaka.
Kuongororwa kwechishandiso nguva dzose mushure mekuchishandiswa kwega kwega kunokoshawo, akadaro. Zvishandiso zvekuongorora zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko akadai sekutsemuka kwemitsara midiki. Kukuvara kwakadaro kunowanikwa nekukurumidza kana chishandiso chabviswa paguyo, pane kuti chitange chaiswa kwenguva pfupi, zvichipa nguva yakawanda yekugadzira chimwe chishandiso chinotsiva.
"Mamwe makambani ari kushanda panguva yekuvharwa kwakarongwa," akadaro Green. Aiziva kuti zvaizova zvakaoma kutevedzera kuvharwa kwakarongwa mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, asi akataura kuti zvaive nengozi zvikuru. Makambani ekutakura zvinhu nekutakura zvinhu akawandisa kana kuti haana vashandi vakakwana, kana zvese zviri zviviri, zvekuti kutumira zvinhu hakusi kuitwa nenguva mazuva ano.
"Kana chimwe chinhu chikatyoka pafekitori uye uchifanira kuodha chimwe chinotsiva, uchaitei kuti chiunzwe?" akabvunza. Ehe, kutakurwa nendege nguva dzose isarudzo, asi zvinogona kuwedzera mutengo wekutakura.
Kugadziriswa kwemarolling mills nerolls hakusi kungotevera purogiramu yekugadzirisa chete, asi kuronga purogiramu yekugadzirisa nepurogiramu yekugadzira.
Munzvimbo dzose nhatu - mashandiro, kugadzirisa matambudziko nekugadzirisa, hupamhi uye kudzika kweruzivo kunokosha. Warren Wheatman, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weT&H Lemont's Die Business Unit, akati makambani ane chigayo chimwe chete kana zviviri zvekugadzira machubhu avo anowanzova nevanhu vashoma vakazvipira kugadzirisa machubhu nemachubhu. Kunyangwe vashandi vekugadzirisa vane ruzivo, madhipatimendi madiki ane ruzivo rushoma pane madhipatimendi makuru ekugadzirisa, zvichiisa vashandi vadiki panjodzi. Kana kambani isina dhipatimendi reinjiniya, dhipatimendi rekugadzirisa rinofanira kuzvigadzirisa.
Strand akawedzera kuti kudzidziswa kwemadhipatimendi ekushanda nekugadzirisa kwava kukosha kupfuura kare. Kuwanda kwevanhu vanorega basa vane chekuita nekukwegura kwevana vanozvarwa patsva zvinoreva kuti ruzivo rwemadzinza rwaimbove rwakavhiringidza makambani rwava kupera. Kunyange zvazvo vagadziri vemachubhu vazhinji vachiri kuvimba nekubvunzana nevanotengesa michina, kunyangwe hunyanzvi uhwu hahuna kuwanda sezvahwaive kare uye huri kudzikira.
Maitiro ekubatanidza akakosha semamwe maitiro anoitika pakugadzira pombi kana pombi, uye basa remuchina wekubatanidza harifanirwe kuverengerwa zvakanyanya.
Kupinza zvinhu mu induction. "Nhasi, zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvemaodha edu ndezvekugadzirisa zvinhu," akadaro Prasek. "Vanowanzo tsiva ma welder ekare, ane matambudziko. Kupinza zvinhu mu induction ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera izvi pari zvino."
Akati vazhinji vakanga vari kumashure kwezvinangwa zvisere nekuti zvinhu zvakabikwa zvakanonoka kuuya. "Kazhinji kana zvinhu zvabuda, welder inodonha," akadaro. Zvinoshamisa kuti vagadziri vemachubhu vanoshandisa michina yakavakirwa patekinoroji yechubhu ye vacuum, zvinoreva kuti vari kushandisa michina ine makore angangoita makumi matatu ekuberekwa pakutarisira. Ruzivo rwebasa remichina yakadaro haruna kuwanda, uye machubhu ekutsiva pachawo akaoma kuwana.
Dambudziko revagadziri vemapombi vachiri kuashandisa nderekuti anokwegura sei. Haakundikane zvakanyanya, asi anoderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Imwe mhinduro ndeyekushandisa kupisa kushoma kwewelding uye kushandisa chigayo nekumhanya kushoma kuti udzore, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira nyore nyore mari yekushandisa mukushandisa muchina mutsva. Izvi zvinogadzira pfungwa yenhema yekuti zvese zvakanaka.
Kudyara mari mumagetsi matsva ekugadzira magetsi e induction kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemagetsi efekitari, akadaro Prasek. Dzimwe nyika—kunyanya idzo dzine vanhu vakawanda uye dzine grid dzakaoma—dzinopa mitero yakawanda inodzoserwa pakutenga michina isingadyi simba zvakanyanya. Chimwe chikonzero chekudyara mari muzvigadzirwa zvitsva mukana wekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, akawedzera.
"Kazhinji, chiyuniti chitsva chekuwedera chinoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura chekare, uye chinogona kuchengetedza zviuru zvemadhora nekupa simba rakawanda rekuwedera pasina kuvandudza mashandiro emagetsi," akadaro Prasek.
Kurongeka kwe induction coil ne resistor kwakakoshawo. John Holderman, maneja mukuru weEHE Consumables, anoti induction coil yakasarudzwa zvakanaka uye yakaiswa ine nzvimbo yakakwana kana tichienzanisa ne welding roll, uye inofanirwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakakodzera uye yakagadzikana yakatenderedza chubhu. Kana ikaiswa zvisizvo, coil ichakundikana nguva isati yakwana.
Basa remuchina wekuvharira rakareruka - unovhara kufamba kwemagetsi, uchiatungamira kumucheto kwetambo - uye sekune zvimwe zvese zviri paguyo, kuisa nzvimbo kwakakosha, anodaro. Nzvimbo chaiyo iri pamusoro peweld, asi handiyo yega pfungwa. Kuisa kwakakosha. Kana yakasungirirwa pa mandrel isina kusimba zvakakwana kuti itsigire, nzvimbo yemuchina wekuvharira inogona kuchinja, inodhonza ID pasi pechubhu.
Tichishandisa mafambiro ari kuitwa mukugadzira magadzirirwo emidziyo inogadzirwa ne welding, pfungwa ye split coil inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya nguva yekushanda kwe mill.
"Magayo makuru ane dhayamita refu agara achishandisa magadzirirwo emakapi akapatsanurwa," akadaro Haldeman. "Kutsiva chidimbu chimwe chete chekapi akapinza kunoda kucheka pombi, kutsiva kapi uye kuibatanidzazve," akadaro. Dhizaini yemakapi akapatsanurwa inouya muzvikamu zviviri, zvichikuchengetedza nguva yako yese nesimba rako.
"Aishandiswa mumagayo makuru ekumonera, asi zvaida mainjiniya emhando yepamusoro kuti ashandise mutemo uyu pamakoiri madiki," akadaro. "Kune mugadziri wekoiri madiki ane zvidimbu zviviri ane hardware yakasarudzika uye maclamp akagadzirwa neunyanzvi," akadaro.
Nezvekutonhodza kwemuchina wekudzivirira, vagadziri vemapombi vane nzira mbiri dzechinyakare: sisitimu yekutonhodza yepakati mufekitori kana sisitimu yemvura yakatsaurirwa yakasiyana, iyo inogona kudhura.
"Zvakanaka kutonhodza resistor nechinhu chinotonhodza chakachena," akadaro Holderman. Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, mari shoma muhurongwa hwechoke filter yemuchina wekutonhodza wemuchina inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwechoke.
Chinotonhodza chemugayo chinowanzo shandiswa pachoke, asi chinotonhodza chemugayo chinounganidza simbi dzakachekwa. Pasinei nekuedza kwese kubata simbi mufirita yepakati kana kuibata nesystem yemagineti yepakati, vamwe vanhu vanopfuura vowana nzira yavo yekusvika padambudziko. Apa handipo pekushandisa hupfu hwesimbi.
"Dzinopisa mumunda we induction uye dzinozvipisa mu resistor housing ne ferrite, izvo zvinokonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka nguva isati yakwana uye dzobva dzadzima kuti dzitsive resistor," akadaro Holderman. "Dzinowedzerawo pamusoro pe induction coils uye pakupedzisira dzinokonzera kukuvara kubva pakukombama ikoko."