A wannan yanki mai cike da albarka, yanzu ana ƙalubalantar masu aiki da su sauya sheka daga tsarin bincike/kimantawa zuwa mafi kyawun hanyoyin ci gaba da samarwa.
Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan a yankin Guyana-Suriname ya nuna kimanin 10+ Bbbl na albarkatun mai da sama da Tcf 30 na iskar gas.1 Kamar yadda yake da nasarorin mai da iskar gas da yawa, wannan labari ne da ya fara da nasarar binciken teku da wuri, sannan kuma ya biyo baya na dogon lokaci na rashin jin daɗin binciken teku daga bakin teku zuwa ɗaki, wanda ya kai ga nasarar zurfafa bincike.
Nasarar da aka samu a ƙarshe shaida ce ta juriya da nasarar binciken gwamnatocin Guyana da Suriname da hukumomin mai da kuma amfani da IOCs a yankin da aka mayar da Afirka zuwa yankin da aka haɗa da Kudancin Amurka. Rijiyoyin da suka yi nasara a yankin Guyana da Suriname sakamakon haɗakar abubuwa ne, waɗanda yawancinsu suna da alaƙa da fasaha.
A cikin shekaru 5 masu zuwa, wannan yanki zai zama kololuwar man fetur da iskar gas, tare da abubuwan da aka gano a yanzu sun zama yanki na kimantawa/ci gaba; har yanzu masu bincike da yawa suna neman abubuwan da aka gano.
Binciken teku. A Suriname da Guyana, an san magudanar mai daga shekarun 1800 zuwa 1900. Bincike a Suriname ya gano mai a zurfin mita 160 yayin da ake haƙa ruwa a wani harabar jami'a a ƙauyen Kolkata.2 An gano filin Tambaredjo na bakin teku (man fetur na 15-17 oAPI) a shekarar 1968. An fara man fetur na farko a shekarar 1982. An ƙara filayen mai na tauraron dan adam zuwa Kolkata da Tambaredjo. Asalin STOOIP na waɗannan filayen shine man fetur na Bbbl 1. A halin yanzu, samar da waɗannan filayen kusan ganga 16,000 ne a kowace rana.2 Ana sarrafa man fetur na Petronas a matatar mai ta Tout Lui Faut tare da fitar da ganga 15,000 kowace rana don samar da dizal, fetur, man fetur da bitumen.
Guyana ba ta samu irin wannan nasarar a bakin teku ba; an haƙa rijiyoyi 13 tun daga 1916, amma biyu ne kawai suka gamu da mai.3 Binciken mai a bakin teku a shekarun 1940 ya haifar da binciken ƙasa a Takatu Basin. An haƙa rijiyoyi uku tsakanin 1981 da 1993, duk busassu ne ko kuma ba na kasuwanci ba. Rijiyoyin sun tabbatar da kasancewar kauri baƙar fata mai kauri, zamanin Cenomanian-Turonian (wanda aka sani da Canje Fm), daidai da La Luna Formation a Venezuela.
Venezuela tana da tarihin haƙa mai mai kyau.4 Nasarar haƙa rijiyoyin mai ta samo asali ne tun daga shekarar 1908, da farko a rijiyar Zumbaque 1 a yammacin ƙasar, 5 A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya da kuma a lokacin shekarun 1920 da 1930, samar da mai daga Tafkin Maracaibo ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Tabbas, gano yashi mai kauri 6 a cikin Orinoco Belt a shekarar 1936 ya yi babban tasiri ga ajiyar mai da albarkatu, yana ba da gudummawar 78 Bbbl na ajiyar mai; wannan ma'ajiyar ta sanya Venezuela a matsayi na ɗaya a yanzu a cikin ajiyar mai. Tsarin La Luna (Cenomanian-Turonian) shine dutsen da ya fi kowanne girma a duniya. La Luna7 ita ce ke da alhakin mafi yawan man da aka gano kuma aka samar a cikin Maracaibo Basin da wasu kwaruruka da dama a Colombia, Ecuador da Peru. Duwatsun da aka samo a bakin teku na Guyana da Suriname suna da halaye iri ɗaya kuma suna da shekaru iri ɗaya da waɗanda aka samu a La Luna.
Binciken Mai a Gabashin Ƙasa a Guyana: Yankin Rumbunan Nahiyar. An fara aikin bincike a kan Rumbunan Nahiyar a hukumance a shekarar 1967 tare da rijiyoyi 7 a Bakin Hakora-1 da -2 a Guyana. Akwai tazara ta shekaru 15 kafin a haƙa Arapaima-1, sai kuma Horseshoe-1 a shekarar 2000 da Eagle-1 da Jaguar-1 a shekarar 2012. Rijiyoyi shida daga cikin tara suna da man fetur ko iskar gas; Abary-1 ne kawai, wanda aka haƙa a shekarar 1975, yana da mai mai gudana (37 oAPI). Duk da cewa rashin wani binciken tattalin arziki abin takaici ne, waɗannan rijiyoyin suna da mahimmanci saboda suna tabbatar da cewa tsarin mai mai aiki yana samar da mai.
Binciken Man Fetur a Tekun Suriname: Yankin Shiryayyen Kayayyaki na Nahiyar. Labarin binciken shiryayyen kayyakin nahiyar Suriname ya yi kama da na Guyana. An haƙa rijiyoyi 9 jimilla a shekarar 2011, 3 daga cikinsu suna da man fetur; sauran kuma sun bushe. Kuma, rashin binciken tattalin arziki abin takaici ne, amma rijiyoyin sun tabbatar da cewa tsarin mai mai aiki sosai yana samar da mai.
Jirgin ruwan ODP Leg 207 ya haƙa wurare biyar a shekarar 2003 a kan Dutsen Demerara wanda ya raba Kogin Guyana-Suriname daga bakin tekun Faransa Guiana. Abu mafi mahimmanci, dukkan rijiyoyi biyar sun haɗu da dutsen Cenomanian-Turonian Canje Formation iri ɗaya da aka samu a rijiyoyin Guyana da Suriname, wanda ya tabbatar da kasancewar dutsen La Luna.
Binciken da aka yi na yankunan canjin yanayi na Afirka ya fara ne da gano man fetur na Tullow a shekarar 2007 a filin Jubilee da ke Ghana. Bayan nasarar da aka samu a shekarar 2009, an gano rukunin TEN a yammacin Jubilee. Waɗannan nasarorin sun sa ƙasashen Afirka masu tasowa suka bayar da lasisin ruwa mai zurfi, wanda kamfanonin mai suka haɗa, wanda hakan ya haifar da bincike daga Côte d'Ivoire zuwa Laberiya zuwa Saliyo. Abin takaici, haƙo irin waɗannan nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo bai yi nasara ba wajen gano tarin tattalin arziki. Gabaɗaya, yayin da ake ci gaba da tafiya daga Ghana zuwa gefen sauyin Afirka, yawan nasarar da aka samu ya ragu.
Kamar yadda yake a yawancin nasarorin da Afirka ta Yamma ta samu a Angola, Cabinda da kuma tekun arewa, waɗannan nasarorin da Ghana ta samu a cikin ruwa mai zurfi sun tabbatar da irin wannan ra'ayin wasanni. Manufar ci gaba ta dogara ne akan dutsen da ya girma a duniya da kuma tsarin hanyar ƙaura mai alaƙa. Madatsar ruwa galibi yashi ne na gangaren ruwa, wanda ake kira turbidite. Ana kiran tarkuna tarkuna na stratigraphic kuma suna dogara ne akan hatimin sama da gefe mai ƙarfi (shale). Tarkuna na gine-gine ba su da yawa. Kamfanonin mai da aka gano tun da farko cewa, ta hanyar haƙa ramukan busassun ramuka, suna buƙatar bambance martanin girgizar ƙasa na duwatsu masu ɗauke da hydrocarbon daga duwatsun yashi mai danshi. Kowace kamfanin mai tana ɓoye ƙwarewarta ta fasaha kan yadda ake amfani da fasahar. An yi amfani da kowace rijiya ta gaba don daidaita wannan hanyar. Da zarar an tabbatar da ita, wannan hanyar na iya rage haɗarin da ke tattare da kimanta haƙa da haɓaka rijiyoyi da sabbin masu sayayya.
Masana ilimin ƙasa sau da yawa suna kiran kalmar "trendology". Wannan ra'ayi ne mai sauƙi wanda ke ba masana ilimin ƙasa damar canja ra'ayoyin bincikensu daga wani kwarin zuwa wani. A cikin wannan mahallin, IOC da yawa waɗanda suka yi nasara a Yammacin Afirka da kuma yankin canjin Afirka sun ƙuduri aniyar amfani da waɗannan ra'ayoyin ga Kudancin Amurka Equatorial Margin (SAEM). Sakamakon haka, a farkon 2010, kamfanin ya sami lasisin tubalan ruwa masu zurfi a bakin teku a Guyana, Suriname da French Guiana.
An gano Tullow Oil a watan Satumba na 2011 ta hanyar haƙa Zaedyus-1 a zurfin mita 2,000 a gabar tekun French Guiana, kuma ita ce kamfani na farko da ya gano manyan hydrocarbons a SAEM. Tullow Oil ta sanar da cewa rijiyar ta sami famfunan da suka kai mita 72 na fanfunan biyan kuɗi a cikin turbidites guda biyu. Rijiyoyi uku masu kimantawa za su haɗu da yashi mai kauri amma babu hydrocarbons na kasuwanci.
Guyana ta yi nasara. ExxonMobil/Hess da sauransu. An sanar da gano Rijiyar Liza-1 mai suna (Liza-1 Well 12) a watan Mayu na 2015 a cikin lasisin Stabroek a gefen tekun Guyana. Yashi mai turbidite na Upper Cretaceous shine ma'ajiyar. Rijiyar Skipjack-1 da aka haƙa a shekarar 2016 ba ta sami hydrocarbons na kasuwanci ba. A shekarar 2020, abokan hulɗar Stabroek sun sanar da jimillar gano abubuwa 18 tare da jimillar albarkatun mai sama da ganga 8 (ExxonMobil)! Abokan hulɗar Stabroek sun magance damuwa game da martanin girgizar ƙasa na ma'ajiyar ruwa mai ɗauke da sinadarin hydrogen carbon da Aquifer (Hess Investor, Ranar Masu Zuba Jari 2018 8). An gano duwatsun tushen Deeper Albian a wasu rijiyoyi.
Abin sha'awa, ExxonMobil da abokan hulɗarta sun gano mai a cikin ma'ajiyar carbonate na rijiyar Ranger-1 da aka sanar a shekarar 2018. Akwai shaida cewa wannan ma'ajiyar carbonate ce da aka gina a saman wani dutsen mai aman wuta.
An sanar da gano Haimara-18 a watan Fabrairun 2019 a matsayin wani abin da ya haifar da ambaliya a cikin wani ma'ajiyar ruwa mai tsawon mita 63 mai inganci. Haimara-1 tana iyaka da Stabroek a Guyana da Block 58 a Suriname.
Tullow da abokan hulɗa (License na Orinduik) sun gano abubuwa biyu a cikin binciken tashar ramp ta Stabroek:
ExxonMobil da abokin hulɗarta (Kaiteur Block) sun sanar a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2020 cewa rijiyar Tanager-1 an gano ta ne amma an ɗauke ta ba ta kasuwanci ba. Rijiyar ta sami mai mai nisan mita 16 a cikin yashi mai inganci na Maastrichtian, amma nazarin ruwa ya nuna cewa mai ya fi nauyi fiye da na Liza. An gano ma'ajiyar mai mai inganci a cikin zurfin tsarin Santonian da Turonian. Har yanzu ana tantance bayanai.
A gabar tekun Suriname, rijiyoyi uku na binciken ruwa mai zurfi da aka haƙa tsakanin 2015 da 2017 busassun ramuka ne. Apache ta haƙa ramuka biyu busassun ramuka (Popokai-1 da Kolibrie-1) a Block 53 kuma Petronas ta haƙa rami busassun ramuka na Roselle-1 a Block 52, Hoto na 2.
A gabar tekun Suriname, Tullow ta sanar a watan Oktoban 2017 cewa rijiyar Araku-1 ba ta da wani muhimmin dutse a cikin ma'ajiyar ruwa, amma ta nuna kasancewar iskar gas.11 An haƙa rijiyar da manyan matsalolin girman girgizar ƙasa. Sakamakon wannan rijiyar ya nuna a sarari cewa akwai haɗari/rashin tabbas da ke tattare da rashin tabbas na girman ruwa kuma yana nuna buƙatar bayanai daga rijiyar, gami da mahimman bayanai, don magance matsalolin warware girgizar ƙasa.
Kosmos ta haƙa ramuka biyu busassu (Anapai-1 da Anapai-1A) a Block 45 a shekarar 201816, da kuma Pontoenoe-1 busassun ramuka a Block 42.
Babu shakka, kafin farkon shekarar 2019, hasashen zurfin ruwan Suriname ba shi da kyau. Amma wannan yanayin zai inganta sosai!
A farkon Janairun 2020, a Block 58 da ke Suriname, Apache/Total17 ta sanar da gano mai a rijiyar bincike ta Maka-1, wadda aka haƙa a ƙarshen 2019. Maka-1 ita ce ta farko cikin binciken guda huɗu a jere da Apache/Total za ta sanar a shekarar 2020 (masu zuba jari a Apache). Kowace rijiya da aka ci karo da ita a cikin rijiyoyin Campania da Santonia, da kuma wasu rijiyoyin hydrocarbon condensate daban-daban. A cewar rahotanni, ingancin rijiyar yana da kyau sosai. Total zai zama mai kula da Block 58 a shekarar 2021. Ana haƙa rijiya mai kimantawa.
Kamfanin Petronas18 ya sanar da gano mai a rijiyar Sloanea-1 a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2020. Man da aka samu a cikin yashi da dama na Campania. Block 52 wani sabon salo ne da Apache ya gano a Block 58.
Yayin da bincike da kimantawa ke ci gaba a shekarar 2021, za a sami mutane da yawa da za su iya sa ido a yankin.
Rijiyoyin Guyana za su duba a shekarar 2021. ExxonMobil da abokan hulɗa (Canje Block)19 sun sanar a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2021 cewa rijiyar Bulletwood-1 busasshiya ce, amma sakamakon ya nuna cewa tsarin mai yana aiki a cikin rijiyar. Rijiyoyin da za a ci gaba da amfani da su a cikin Canje an tsara su ne don watanni 1 na kwata na 2021 (Jabillo-1) da watanni 2 na 2021 (Sapote-1).20
ExxonMobil da abokan hulɗa a cikin Stabroek suna shirin haƙa rijiyar Krobia-1 mil 16 arewa maso gabas na filin Liza. Daga baya, za a haƙa rijiyar Redtail-1 mil 12 gabas da filin Liza.
A tubalan Corentyne (CGX da sauransu), za a iya haƙa rijiya a shekarar 2021 don gwada hanyar Santonian Kawa prospect. Wannan wani yanayi ne na girman Santonian, tare da shekaru iri ɗaya da aka samu a Stabroek da Suriname Block 58. An tsawaita wa'adin haƙa rijiyar zuwa 21 ga Nuwamba, 2021.
Rijiyoyin Suriname da za a duba a shekarar 2021. Tullow Oil ta haƙa rijiyar GVN-1 a Block 47 a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 2021. Manufar wannan rijiyar ita ce ta haɗa abubuwa biyu a cikin Upper Cretaceous turbidite. Tullow ta sabunta lamarin a ranar 18 ga Maris, tana mai cewa rijiyar ta isa TD kuma ta ci karo da wani ma'ajiyar mai inganci, amma ta nuna ƙaramin adadin mai. Zai zama abin sha'awa ganin yadda wannan kyakkyawan sakamako zai shafi rijiyoyin NNE na gaba daga binciken Apache da Petronas zuwa tubalan 42, 53, 48 da 59.
A farkon watan Fabrairu, Total/Apache ta haƙa rijiya mai kyau a Block 58, wanda a bayyane yake ya faɗi daga wani bincike da aka yi a cikin block ɗin. Daga baya, za a iya haƙa rijiyar bincike ta Bonboni-1 da ke ƙarshen arewa na Block 58 a wannan shekarar. Zai yi kyau a ga ko Walker carbonates a Block 42 a nan gaba za su yi kama da binciken Ranger-1 da aka yi a Stabroek. A yi gwaji.
Zagayen Lasisi na Suriname. Staatsolie ta sanar da zagayen lasisi na 2020-2021 don lasisi takwas daga Shoreline zuwa Apache/Total Block 58. Ɗakin bayanai na kama-da-wane zai buɗe a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Tayin zai ƙare a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2021.
Tsarin Ci Gaban Starbrook. ExxonMobil da Hess sun buga cikakkun bayanai game da shirye-shiryen ci gaban filin su, wanda za a iya samu a wurare daban-daban, amma Ranar Masu Zuba Jari ta Hess 8 ga Disamba 2018 wuri ne mai kyau don farawa. Ana haɓaka Liza a matakai uku, inda man fetur na farko ya bayyana a cikin 2020, shekaru biyar bayan gano shi, Hoto na 3. FPSOs da ke da alaƙa da haɓaka ƙarƙashin teku misali ne na ƙoƙarinsu na rage farashi don samun samarwa da wuri - har ma da farashi - a lokacin da farashin ɗanyen mai na Brent ya yi ƙasa.
ExxonMobil ta sanar da cewa tana shirin gabatar da tsare-tsare na babban ci gaba na hudu na Stabroek nan da karshen shekarar 2021.
ƙalubale. Sama da shekara guda bayan farashin mai ya yi ƙasa da na tarihi, masana'antar ta farfaɗo, inda farashin WTI ya wuce dala $65, kuma yankin Guyana-Suriname ya fito a matsayin ci gaba mafi ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 2020. An rubuta rijiyoyin gano abubuwa a yankin. A cewar Westwood, yana wakiltar fiye da kashi 75% na man da aka gano a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata da kuma aƙalla kashi 50% na iskar gas da aka samu a cikin tarkunan clastic stratigraphic. ashirin da ɗaya
Babban ƙalubalen ba shine yanayin magudanar ruwa ba, domin da alama dutse da ruwa suna da ingancin da ake buƙata. Ba fasaha ba ce saboda an haɓaka fasahar ruwa mai zurfi tun shekarun 1980. Wataƙila za a yi amfani da wannan damar tun daga farko don aiwatar da mafi kyawun hanyoyin masana'antu a fannin samar da kayayyaki a ƙasashen waje. Wannan zai ba hukumomin gwamnati da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu damar haɓaka ƙa'idodi da manufofi don cimma tsarin da ya dace da muhalli da kuma ba da damar ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa a ƙasashen biyu.
Duk da haka, masana'antar za ta ci gaba da sa ido sosai kan Guyana-Suriname na tsawon akalla wannan shekarar da kuma shekaru biyar masu zuwa. A wasu lokuta, akwai damammaki da yawa ga gwamnatoci, masu zuba jari da kamfanonin E&P don shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru da ayyuka kamar yadda Covid ya ba da dama. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
Endeavor Management kamfani ne mai ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa wanda ke haɗin gwiwa da abokan ciniki don cimma ainihin ƙima daga shirye-shiryensu na sauya fasalin dabarun. Endeavor tana da ra'ayi biyu kan gudanar da kasuwancin ta hanyar samar da makamashi, yayin da take aiki a matsayin mai haɓaka canza kasuwancin ta hanyar amfani da manyan ƙa'idodin jagoranci da dabarun kasuwanci.
Tarihin kamfanin na shekaru 50 ya haifar da tarin hanyoyin da aka tabbatar waɗanda ke ba wa masu ba da shawara na Endeavor damar samar da dabarun canji mafi kyau, ƙwarewar aiki, haɓaka jagoranci, tallafin fasaha na ba da shawara, da tallafin yanke shawara. Masu ba da shawara na Endeavor suna da zurfin fahimta kan aiki da kuma ƙwarewar masana'antu mai faɗi, wanda ke ba wa ƙungiyarmu damar fahimtar kamfanonin abokan cinikinmu da yanayin kasuwa cikin sauri.
Duk kayan suna ƙarƙashin dokokin haƙƙin mallaka da aka aiwatar sosai, da fatan za a karanta Sharuɗɗanmu da Ka'idojinmu, Manufofin Kukis da Manufofin Sirri kafin amfani da wannan rukunin yanar gizon.