Mu dera lodalirika ili, ogwira ntchito tsopano akukakamizidwa kusintha kuchoka pa njira yofufuzira/kuwunika kupita ku njira zabwino kwambiri zopititsira patsogolo ndi kupanga.
Zomwe zapezeka posachedwapa ku Guyana-Suriname Basin zikusonyeza kuti mafuta ali ndi mafuta okwana 10+ Bbbl ndi gasi wachilengedwe woposa 30 Tcf.1 Monga momwe zilili ndi mafuta ndi gasi ambiri opambana, iyi ndi nkhani yomwe imayamba ndi kupambana koyambirira kwa kufufuza m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kutsatiridwa ndi nthawi yayitali yolephera kufufuza m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupambana kwakukulu.
Kupambana kumeneku pamapeto pake ndi umboni wa kupirira ndi kupambana kwa kufufuza kwa maboma a Guyana ndi Suriname ndi mabungwe awo amafuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma IOC m'malire a Africa osinthira kumayiko ena omwe ali ku South America. Zitsime zopambana mu Guyana ndi Suriname Basin ndi zotsatira za kuphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zambiri mwa izo zimagwirizana ndi ukadaulo.
M'zaka 5 zikubwerazi, dera lino lidzakhala malo odziwika bwino a mafuta ndi gasi, ndipo zomwe zapezeka kale zikukhala malo owunikira/otukula; ofufuza angapo akadali kufunafunabe zinthu zatsopano.
Kufufuza m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ku Suriname ndi Guyana, kufalikira kwa mafuta kunkadziwika kuyambira m'ma 1800 mpaka m'ma 1900. Kufufuza ku Suriname kunapeza mafuta akuya mamita 160 pamene ankakumba madzi ku sukulu ya ku Kolkata.2 Munda wa Tambaredjo womwe uli m'mphepete mwa nyanja (mafuta a 15-17 oAPI) unapezeka mu 1968. Mafuta oyamba anayamba mu 1982. Minda ya mafuta a satelayiti ku Kolkata ndi Tambaredjo inawonjezedwa. STOOIP yoyambirira ya minda iyi ndi mafuta a 1 Bbbl. Pakadali pano, kupanga minda iyi kuli pafupifupi migolo 16,000 patsiku.2 Mafuta osakonzedwa a Petronas amakonzedwa ku fakitale yoyeretsera mafuta ya Tout Lui Faut ndi kutulutsa migolo 15,000 tsiku lililonse popanga dizilo, mafuta, mafuta ndi bitumen.
Guyana sinapambane mofanana ndi zimenezi; zitsime 13 zakumba kuyambira mu 1916, koma ziwiri zokha ndi zomwe zawona mafuta.3 Kufufuza mafuta m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'zaka za m'ma 1940 kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kafukufuku wa za nthaka ku Takatu Basin. Zitsime zitatu zinakumba pakati pa 1981 ndi 1993, zonse zouma kapena zosagulitsidwa. Zitsimezo zinatsimikizira kuti pali shale wakuda wakuda, nthawi ya Cenomanian-Turonian (yomwe imadziwika kuti Canje Fm), yofanana ndi La Luna Formation ku Venezuela.
Venezuela ili ndi mbiri yabwino yofufuza ndi kupanga mafuta.4 Kupambana kwa ntchito yoboola mafuta kunayamba mu 1908, koyamba pa chitsime cha Zumbaque 1 kumadzulo kwa dzikolo, 5 Pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse komanso m'ma 1920 ndi 1930, kupanga kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Maracaibo kunapitirira kukwera. Zachidziwikire, kupezeka kwa mchenga wa phula 6 mu Orinoco Belt mu 1936 kunakhudza kwambiri malo osungira mafuta ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mafuta okwana 78 Bbbl asungidwe; dziwe ili lili pa nambala wani ku Venezuela pakadali pano. Kupangidwa kwa La Luna (Cenomanian-Turonian) ndi mwala wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi womwe umapereka mafuta ambiri. La Luna7 ndiye amene amachititsa mafuta ambiri omwe apezeka ndikupangidwa ku Maracaibo Basin ndi m'mabowo ena angapo ku Colombia, Ecuador ndi Peru. Miyala yomwe imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Guyana ndi Suriname ili ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndipo ndi yazaka zofanana ndi zomwe zimapezeka ku La Luna.
Kufufuza Mafuta Ochokera Kunja ku Guyana: Malo Osungira Mafuta a Ku Continental. Ntchito yofufuza pa shelufu ya kontinenti inayamba mwalamulo mu 1967 ndi zitsime 7 za Offshore-1 ndi -2 ku Guyana. Panali kusiyana kwa zaka 15 Arapaima-1 isanabooledwe, kutsatiridwa ndi Horseshoe-1 mu 2000 ndi Eagle-1 ndi Jaguar-1 mu 2012. Zitsime zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa zisanu ndi zinayi zili ndi ziwonetsero za mafuta kapena gasi; Abary-1 yokha, yomwe inabooledwa mu 1975, ndi yomwe ili ndi mafuta oyenda (37 oAPI). Ngakhale kusowa kwa zinthu zilizonse zachuma n'kokhumudwitsa, zitsime izi ndizofunikira chifukwa zimatsimikizira kuti njira yamafuta yogwira ntchito bwino ikupanga mafuta.
Kufufuza Mafuta ku Suriname: Dera la Continental Shelf. Nkhani ya kufufuza mashelufu ku Suriname ikufanana ndi ya Guyana. Zitsime 9 zonse zinabowoledwa mu 2011, zitatu mwa izo zinali ndi ziwonetsero za mafuta; zina zinali zouma. Apanso, kusowa kwa zinthu zatsopano zachuma n'kokhumudwitsa, koma zitsimezo zikutsimikizira kuti njira yamafuta yogwira ntchito bwino ikupanga mafuta.
ODP Leg 207 inaboola malo asanu mu 2003 pa Demerara Rise yomwe imalekanitsa Guyana-Suriname Basin ndi French Guiana kugombe. Chofunika kwambiri, zitsime zonse zisanu zinakumana ndi mwala womwewo wa Cenomanian-Turonian Canje Formation womwe unapezeka m'zitsime za Guyana ndi Suriname, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti pali mwala wa La Luna.
Kufufuza bwino madera osinthira a ku Africa kunayamba ndi kupezeka kwa mafuta a Tullow mu 2007 kumunda wa Jubilee ku Ghana. Pambuyo pa kupambana kwake mu 2009, malo a TEN adapezeka kumadzulo kwa Jubilee. Kupambana kumeneku kwapangitsa mayiko aku Africa omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja kupereka zilolezo zamadzi akuya, zomwe makampani amafuta adatenga, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kufufuza kuchokera ku Côte d'Ivoire kupita ku Liberia kupita ku Sierra Leone. Tsoka ilo, kufufuza madera omwewa kwakhala kopanda phindu kwambiri pakupeza chuma chochuluka. Kawirikawiri, kumadzulo komwe mukupita kuchokera ku Ghana m'mphepete mwa kusintha kwa Africa, kuchuluka kwa kupambana kumatsika kwambiri.
Monga momwe zilili ndi kupambana kwakukulu kwa West Africa ku Angola, Cabinda ndi nyanja zakumpoto, kupambana kumeneku kwa Ghana m'madzi akuya kumatsimikizira lingaliro lofanana la masewera. Lingaliro la chitukuko limachokera ku miyala yokhwima yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso njira yolumikizirana yosamukira. Malo osungiramo zinthu ndi mchenga wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, wotchedwa turbidite. Misampha imatchedwa stratigraphic traps ndipo imadalira zisindikizo zolimba pamwamba ndi m'mbali (shale). Misampha yomanga ndi yosowa. Makampani amafuta adapeza koyambirira kuti, pobowola mabowo ouma, amafunikira kusiyanitsa mayankho a zivomerezi za miyala yamchenga yokhala ndi hydrocarbon ndi miyala yamchenga yonyowa. Kampani iliyonse yamafuta imasunga ukatswiri wake waukadaulo momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chinsinsi chaukadaulo. Chitsime chilichonse chotsatira chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha njira iyi. Njira iyi ikatsimikiziridwa, imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri zoopsa zokhudzana ndi kuwunika kwa kubowola ndi zitsime zopangira ndi ziyembekezo zatsopano.
Akatswiri a za nthaka nthawi zambiri amatchula mawu akuti "trendology". Ndi lingaliro losavuta lomwe limalola akatswiri a za nthaka kusamutsa malingaliro awo ofufuza kuchokera ku bonde limodzi kupita ku lina. Pachifukwa ichi, mabungwe ambiri a IOC omwe apambana ku West Africa ndi ku Africa akusintha atsimikiza mtima kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awa ku South American Equatorial Margin (SAEM). Zotsatira zake, kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2010, kampaniyo idapeza zilolezo zamabuloko akuya ku Guyana, Suriname ndi French Guiana.
Kampani ya Tullow Oil inapeza mu Seputembala 2011 pobowola Zaedyus-1 pamalo ozama mamita 2,000 ku French Guiana, ndipo inali kampani yoyamba kupeza ma hydrocarbon ambiri ku SAEM. Tullow Oil inalengeza kuti chitsimecho chinapeza mafani okwana mamita 72 m'ma turbidites awiri. Zitsime zitatu zoyezera madzi zidzakumana ndi mchenga wokhuthala koma palibe ma hydrocarbon ogulitsa.
Guyana yapambana.ExxonMobil/Hess ndi ena. Kupezeka kwa Liza-1 Well (Liza-1 Well 12) komwe tsopano ndi kotchuka kunalengezedwa mu Meyi 2015 mu Stabroek layisensi ku Guyana. Mchenga wa Upper Cretaceous turbidite ndiye malo osungiramo madzi. Chitsime chotsatira cha Skipjack-1 chomwe chinabowoledwa mu 2016 sichinapeze ma hydrocarbons ogulitsa. Mu 2020, ogwirizana ndi Stabroek adalengeza zopezeka 18 ndi chuma chonse chobwezerezedwanso cha migolo 8 yamafuta (ExxonMobil)! Ogwirizana ndi Stabroek Akukambirana za Nkhawa Zokhudza Kuyankha kwa Chivomerezi kwa Madzi Okhala ndi Hydrocarbon vs Aquifer (Hess Investor, Tsiku la Ogulitsa 2018 8). Miyala yochokera ku Albian yakale yapezeka m'zitsime zina.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ExxonMobil ndi anzawo adapeza mafuta m'malo osungiramo zinthu za carbonate a chitsime cha Ranger-1 chomwe chinalengezedwa mu 2018. Pali umboni wakuti iyi ndi malo osungiramo zinthu za carbonate omwe adamangidwa pamwamba pa phiri lamoto lomwe lili pansi pa nthaka.
Kupezeka kwa Haimara-18 kunalengezedwa mu February 2019 ngati kupezeka kwa madzi oundana m'dziwe lapamwamba la mamita 63. Haimara-1 ili m'malire ndi malire pakati pa Stabroek ku Guyana ndi Block 58 ku Suriname.
Tullow ndi anzake (layisensi ya Orinduik) adapeza zinthu ziwiri mu kafukufuku wa Stabroek wa njira zoyendera:
ExxonMobil ndi mnzake (Kaieteur Block) adalengeza pa Novembala 17, 2020, kuti chitsime cha Tanager-1 chinali chopezedwa koma sichinkaonedwa ngati chamalonda. Chitsimecho chinapeza mafuta okwana 16 m'mchenga wapamwamba wa Maastrichtian, koma kusanthula kwamadzimadzi kunasonyeza kuti mafuta olemera kuposa omwe adapangidwa ku Liza. Malo osungiramo mafuta abwino kwambiri adapezeka m'malo ozama a Santonian ndi Turonian. Deta ikuwunikidwabe.
Ku Suriname ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zitsime zitatu zofufuzira madzi akuya zomwe zinabooledwa pakati pa 2015 ndi 2017 zinali zitsime zouma. Apache inaboola mabowo awiri ouma (Popokai-1 ndi Kolibrie-1) mu Block 53 ndipo Petronas anaboola dzenje louma la Roselle-1 mu Block 52, Chithunzi 2.
Ku Suriname ya ku Offshore, Tullow idalengeza mu Okutobala 2017 kuti chitsime cha Araku-1 chinalibe miyala yayikulu yosungiramo madzi, koma chinawonetsa kupezeka kwa mpweya wosungunuka.11 Chitsimecho chinabowoledwa ndi zinthu zosayembekezereka za mafunde a chivomerezi. Zotsatira za chitsimechi zikuwonetsa bwino zoopsa/kusatsimikizika kozungulira mafunde a chivomerezi ndipo zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa deta kuchokera pachitsimecho, kuphatikizapo deta yayikulu, kuti athetse mavuto okhudzana ndi mafunde a chivomerezi.
Kosmos inaboola mabowo awiri ouma (Anapai-1 ndi Anapai-1A) mu Block 45 mu 201816, ndi bowo louma la Pontoenoe-1 mu Block 42.
Mwachionekere, kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2019, chiyembekezo cha madzi akuya a Suriname sichili bwino. Koma mkhalidwewu watsala pang'ono kusintha kwambiri!
Kumayambiriro kwa Januwale 2020, ku Block 58 ku Suriname, Apache/Total17 idalengeza za kupezeka kwa mafuta pachitsime chofufuzira cha Maka-1, chomwe chidabowoledwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019. Maka-1 ndi yoyamba mwa zinthu zinayi zotsatizana zomwe Apache/Total idzalengeza mu 2020 (ogulitsa Apache). Chitsime chilichonse chomwe chidakumana nacho chili ndi malo osungiramo madzi a Campania ndi Santonia, komanso malo osungiramo madzi a hydrocarbon condensate osiyana. Malinga ndi malipoti, ubwino wa dziwe ndi wabwino kwambiri. Total idzakhala woyendetsa Block 58 mu 2021. Chitsime chowunikira chikubowoledwa.
Petronas18 yalengeza za kupezeka kwa mafuta pachitsime cha Sloanea-1 pa Disembala 11, 2020. Mafuta apezeka mumchenga zingapo za Campania. Block 52 ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yochokera kum'mawa yomwe Apache adapeza mu Block 58.
Pamene kufufuza ndi kuwunika kukupitirira mu 2021, padzakhala anthu ambiri omwe akuyembekezeka kuonerera m'derali.
Zitsime za ku Guyana zidzayang'aniridwa mu 2021. ExxonMobil ndi anzawo (Canje Block)19 alengeza pa 3 Marichi, 2021 kuti chitsime cha Bulletwood-1 chinali chitsime chouma, koma zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti pali njira yogwirira ntchito yamafuta m'bokosilo. Zitsime zotsatila mubokosi la Canje zakonzedwa kuti zichitike mu kotala loyamba la 2021 (Jabillo-1) ndi kotala lachiwiri la 2021 (Sapote-1).20
ExxonMobil ndi ogwira nawo ntchito mu Stabroek block akukonzekera kuboola chitsime cha Krobia-1 chomwe chili pamtunda wa makilomita 16 kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa munda wa Liza. Pambuyo pake, chitsime cha Redtail-1 chidzabooledwa makilomita 12 kum'mawa kwa munda wa Liza.
Pa Corentyne block (CGX et al), chitsime chikhoza kukumba mu 2021 kuti ayesere malo osungiramo zinthu a Santonian Kawa. Ichi ndi chizolowezi cha Santonian amplitudes, ndi zaka zofanana zomwe zimapezeka ku Stabroek ndi Suriname Block 58. Nthawi yomaliza yokumba chitsimecho inakulitsidwa mpaka pa Novembala 21, 2021.
Zitsime za ku Suriname zoti zionedwe mu 2021. Mafuta a Tullow adaboola chitsime cha GVN-1 ku Block 47 pa Januware 24, 2021. Cholinga cha chitsimechi ndi chachiwiri mu Upper Cretaceous turbidite. Tullow adasintha momwe zinthu zilili pa Marichi 18, ponena kuti chitsimecho chinafika ku TD ndipo chinakumana ndi malo abwino kwambiri osungiramo madzi, koma chinawonetsa mafuta ochepa. Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuwona momwe zotsatira zabwinozi zimakhudzira zitsime zamtsogolo za NNE kuchokera ku zomwe Apache ndi Petronas adapeza ku block 42, 53, 48 ndi 59.
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February, Total/Apache idaboola chitsime chowunikira mu Block 58, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zidachokera ku zomwe zidapezeka mu block. Pambuyo pake, chitsime chofufuzira cha Bonboni-1 chomwe chili kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Block 58 chikhoza kubooledwa chaka chino. Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuwona ngati ma carbonate a Walker mu Block 42 mtsogolomu adzakhala ngati zomwe zidapezeka ku Stabroek ku Ranger-1.
Suriname Licensing Round.Staatsolie yalengeza za 2020-2021 layisensi ya malayisensi asanu ndi atatu kuyambira ku Shoreline mpaka ku Apache/Total Block 58. Chipinda cha data cha pa intaneti chikutsegulidwa pa Novembala 30, 2020. Zopereka zidzatha ntchito pa Epulo 30, 2021.
Ndondomeko Yotukula ya Starbrook. ExxonMobil ndi Hess afalitsa tsatanetsatane wa mapulani awo otukula munda, omwe angapezeke m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma Tsiku la Investor la Hess pa 8 Disembala 2018 ndi malo abwino oyambira. Liza akupangidwa m'magawo atatu, ndipo mafuta oyamba adawonekera mu 2020, zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene adapezeka, Chithunzi 3. Ma FPSO okhudzana ndi chitukuko cha pansi pa nyanja ndi chitsanzo cha kuyesera kwawo kuchepetsa ndalama kuti apange kupanga koyambirira - komanso mitengo - panthawi yomwe mitengo ya Brent crude ndi yotsika.
ExxonMobil yalengeza kuti ikukonzekera kupereka mapulani a chitukuko chachikulu chachinayi cha Stabroek pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021.
vuto. Patangopita chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene mitengo ya mafuta inali yotsika kwambiri m'mbiri, makampaniwa ayambiranso bwino, ndipo mitengo ya WTI inali yoposa $65, ndipo Guyana-Suriname Basin ikukhala chitukuko chosangalatsa kwambiri cha m'ma 2020. Zitsime zopezera zinthu zakale zalembedwa m'derali. Malinga ndi Westwood, zikuyimira mafuta opitilira 75% omwe apezeka m'zaka khumi zapitazi komanso osachepera 50% ya mpweya wachilengedwe womwe umapezeka mu misampha ya stratigraphic. Makumi awiri ndi limodzi
Vuto lalikulu si malo osungiramo madzi, chifukwa miyala ndi madzi onse akuoneka kuti ali ndi khalidwe lofunikira. Si ukadaulo chifukwa ukadaulo wa m'madzi akuya wakhala ukupangidwa kuyambira m'ma 1980. Zikuoneka kuti zitenga mwayi uwu kuyambira pachiyambi kukhazikitsa njira zabwino kwambiri zopangira zinthu m'nyanja. Izi zithandiza mabungwe aboma ndi mabungwe achinsinsi kupanga malamulo ndi mfundo kuti akwaniritse dongosolo loteteza chilengedwe ndikupangitsa kukula kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu m'maiko onse awiri.
Komabe, makampaniwa akhala akuyang'anira Guyana-Suriname mosamala kwa chaka chino ndi zaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Nthawi zina, pali mwayi wambiri kwa maboma, amalonda ndi makampani a E&P kuti achite nawo zochitika ndi zochitika monga momwe Covid ilolera. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
Endeavor Management ndi kampani yopereka upangiri kwa oyang'anira yomwe imagwirizana ndi makasitomala kuti apeze phindu lenileni kuchokera ku njira zawo zosintha zinthu. Endeavor ili ndi malingaliro awiri pa kuyendetsa bizinesiyo popereka mphamvu, pomwe ikugwira ntchito ngati chothandizira kusintha bizinesiyo pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zazikulu za utsogoleri ndi njira zamabizinesi.
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