I tēnei rohe whai hua, kei te werohia ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te neke mai i te tauira tūhura/aromatawai ki ngā mahi pai mō te whanaketanga me te whakaputa.
E whakaatu ana ngā kitenga hou i te rohe o Guyana-Suriname i te tata ki te 10+ Bbbl o ngā rauemi hinu me te neke atu i te 30 Tcf o te hau māori.1 Pērā i te maha o ngā angitu hinu me te hau, he kōrero tēnei e tīmata ana me te angitu o te tūhuratanga i uta, ā, i muri mai ka roa te wā o te kore angitu o te tūhuratanga mai i te takutai ki te papa, ā, ka mutu ki te angitu i roto i te wai hohonu.
Ko te angitu i te mutunga he tohu i te manawanui me te angitu o te tūhuratanga o ngā kāwanatanga o Guyana me Suriname me ā rātou tari hinu me te whakamahinga o ngā IOC i te rohe hurihanga o Awherika ki te rohe hurihanga o Amerika ki te Tonga. Ko ngā puna angitu i te Rohe o Guyana-Suriname he hua o te huinga o ngā āhuatanga, ko te nuinga he mea e pā ana ki te hangarau.
I roto i ngā tau e 5 e whai ake nei, ka waiho tēnei rohe hei tihi o te hinu me te hau, ā, ko ngā kitenga o nāianei ka noho hei wāhi aromatawai/whakawhanake; he maha ngā kaihōpara e rapu tonu ana i ngā kitenga.
Te tūhuratanga ki uta. I Suriname me Guyana, i mōhiotia ngā turuturu hinu mai i te tau 1800 ki te tau 1900. I kitea te hinu i Suriname i te hohonutanga o te 160 m i te wā e keri ana mō te wai i tētahi kāreti i te kāinga o Kolkata.2 I kitea te mara o Tambaredjo ki uta (hinu 15-17 oAPI) i te tau 1968. I tīmata te hinu tuatahi i te tau 1982. I tāpirihia ngā mara hinu amiorangi ki Kolkata me Tambaredjo. Ko te STOOIP taketake mō ēnei mara ko te 1 Bbbl hinu. I tēnei wā, ko te whakaputanga o ēnei mara he tata ki te 16,000 oko ia rā.2 Ka tukatukahia te hinu mata o Petronas i te whare whakapai hinu Tout Lui Faut me te putanga ia rā o te 15,000 oko mō te whakaputanga o te tīhiera, te penehīni, te hinu wahie me te bitumen.
Kāore i rite te angitu o Guyana ki tāwāhi; 13 ngā puna kua keria mai i te tau 1916, engari e rua anake kua kitea te hinu.3 Nā te tūhuratanga hinu o uta i ngā tau 1940 i hua ake ai he rangahau matawhenua o te Takatu Basin. E toru ngā puna i keria i waenga i te tau 1981 me te tau 1993, he maroke katoa, he kore-arumoni rānei. Nā ngā puna i whakaū te aroaro o te kirikiri pango matotoru, te wā Cenomanian-Turonian (e mōhiotia ana ko Canje Fm), he rite ki te hanganga La Luna i Venezuela.
He hītori tino angitu tō Venezuela mō te tūhuratanga me te whakaputa hinu.4 I tīmata te angitu o te keri i te tau 1908, tuatahi i te puna Zumbaque 1 i te taha hauauru o te whenua, 5 I te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao me ngā tau 1920 me 1930, i piki haere tonu te whakaputanga mai i te roto o Maracaibo. Ko te kitenga o ngā onepu tāra 6 i te whitiki Orinoco i te tau 1936 he pānga nui ki ngā rahui hinu me ngā rauemi, ā, e 78 Bbbl te nui o ngā rahui hinu; ko tēnei puna te nama tuatahi o Venezuela i tēnei wā i roto i ngā rahui. Ko te hanganga o La Luna (Cenomanian-Turonian) te toka pūtake o te ao mō te nuinga o te hinu. Ko La Luna7 te kawenga mō te nuinga o te hinu i kitea me te whakaputa i roto i te Maracaibo Basin me ētahi atu puna i Colombia, Ecuador me Peru. He rite ngā āhuatanga o ngā toka pūtake i kitea i waho o Guyana me Suriname, ā, he rite te pakeke ki ērā i kitea i La Luna.
Te Tūhuratanga Hinu ki Tāwāhi i Guyana: Te Rohe Papa Whenua. I tīmata mana te mahi tūhuratanga i te papa whenua i te tau 1967 me ngā puna e 7, ki Tāwāhi-1 me te -2 i Guyana. He 15 tau te roa i mua i te keria o Arapaima-1, ā, i muri mai ko Horseshoe-1 i te tau 2000 me Eagle-1 me Jaguar-1 i te tau 2012. E ono o ngā puna e iwa he whakaaturanga hinu, hau rānei; ko Abary-1 anake, i keria i te tau 1975, he hinu rere (37 oAPI). Ahakoa he mea pouri te korenga o ngā kitenga ōhanga, he mea nui ēnei puna nā te mea e whakaū ana rātou kei te whakaputa hinu te pūnaha hinu e mahi pai ana.
Te Tirotiro Hinu ki Tahataha o Suriname: Te Rohe Papa Whenua. He rite te kōrero mō te tūhuratanga papa whenua o Suriname ki tā Guyana. E iwa katoa ngā puna i keria i te tau 2011, e toru o ēnei he whakaaturanga hinu; ko ētahi he maroke. He mea pouri anō te korenga o ngā kitenga ōhanga, engari e whakaū ana ngā puna kei te whakaputa hinu tētahi pūnaha hinu e mahi pai ana.
I te tau 2003, i keria e te ODP Leg 207 ētahi wāhi e rima i te Demerara Rise e wehe ana i te Guyana-Suriname Basin mai i French Guiana i tai. He mea nui, i tūtaki ngā puna e rima ki te toka pūtake Cenomanian-Turonian Canje Formation kotahi i kitea i roto i ngā puna o Guyana me Suriname, ā, i whakaū i te noho o te toka pūtake La Luna.
I tīmata te tūhuratanga angitu o ngā rohe whakawhiti o Āwherika i te kitenga o te hinu Tullow i te tau 2007 i te mara Jubilee i Ghana. Whai muri i tōna angitu i te tau 2009, i kitea te matatini TEN ki te hauauru o Jubilee. Nā ēnei angitu i akiaki ngā iwi o Āwherika ki te tuku raihana wai hohonu, kua tāpirihia e ngā kamupene hinu, ā, i akiaki i te tūhuratanga mai i Côte d'Ivoire ki Liberia ki Sierra Leone. Engari, kāore i tino angitu te keri mō ēnei momo mahi ki te kimi i te kohikohinga ōhanga. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te haere atu ki te hauauru mai i Ghana i ngā taha o te whakawhiti o Āwherika, ka heke te auau angitu.
Pērā i te nuinga o ngā angitu o Āwherika ki te Hauāuru i Angola, Cabinda me ngā moana raki, ko ēnei angitu wai hohonu o Ghana e whakaū ana i tētahi ariā petipeti rite. Ko te ariā whanaketanga e ahu mai ana i tētahi toka pūtake pakeke o te ao me te pūnaha ara hekenga e pā ana. Ko te nuinga o te puna wai he onepu awa pari, e kiia nei ko te turbidite. Ka kiia ngā mahanga he mahanga stratigraphic, ā, ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā hiri o runga me te taha (shale) totoka. He onge ngā mahanga hanganga. I kitea wawetia e ngā kamupene hinu, mā te keri i ngā poka maroke, me wehewehe e rātou ngā urupare rū whenua o ngā kirikiri kirikiri e mau ana i te hauwaiwai mai i ngā kirikiri kirikiri mākū. Ka huna e ia kamupene hinu ōna pūkenga hangarau mō te whakamahi i te hangarau. I whakamahia ia puna i muri mai hei whakatika i tēnei tikanga. Kia whakamātauhia, ka taea e tēnei huarahi te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki te aromatawai keri me ngā puna whanaketanga me ngā tirohanga hou.
He maha ngā wā ka whakahuatia e ngā tohunga whenua te kupu "trendology". He ariā māmā noa iho tēnei e āhei ai ngā tohunga whenua ki te whakawhiti i ō rātou whakaaro tūhura mai i tētahi puna ki tētahi atu. I roto i tēnei horopaki, he maha ngā IOC kua angitu i Āwherika ki te Hauāuru me te rohe whakawhiti o Āwherika kua whakatau ki te whakamahi i ēnei ariā ki te Taha Ekueta o Amerika ki te Tonga (SAEM). Nō reira, i te tīmatanga o te tau 2010, kua whiwhi raihana te kamupene mō ngā poraka moana hohonu i Guyana, Suriname me French Guiana.
I kitea i te marama o Hepetema 2011 mā te keri i a Zaedyus-1 i te hohonutanga o te 2,000 m i waho o Guiana Wīwī, ko Tullow Oil te kamupene tuatahi ki te kite i ngā warowaihā nui i SAEM. I panuitia e Tullow Oil i kitea e te puna he 72 m o ngā pā utu kupenga i roto i ngā turbidites e rua. Ka tūtaki ngā puna aromatawai e toru ki te onepu matotoru engari kāore he warowaihā arumoni.
Ka angitu a Guyana.ExxonMobil/Hess et al.I panuitia te kitenga o te Puna Liza-1 rongonui o nāianei (Liza-1 Well 12) i te marama o Mei 2015 i roto i te raihana Stabroek i waho o Guyana.Ko te onepu turbidite o Upper Cretaceous te puna.Ko te puna Skipjack-1 i keria i te tau 2016 kāore i kitea he warowaihā arumoni.I te tau 2020, kua panuitia e ngā hoa o Stabroek he 18 katoa ngā kitenga me te katoa o ngā rauemi whakaora neke atu i te 8 oko hinu (ExxonMobil)!Ka aro atu ngā Hoa o Stabroek ki ngā āwangawanga mō te urupare rū whenua o ngā puna wai-waro me ngā puna wai (Hess Investor, Investor Day 2018 8).Kua tautuhia ngā toka pūtake hohonu ake o Albian i roto i ētahi puna.
He mea whakamīharo, i kitea e ExxonMobil me ōna hoa mahi te hinu i roto i te puna warowaihā o te puna Ranger-1 i panuitia i te tau 2018. He taunakitanga kei reira he puna warowaihā tēnei i hangaia ki runga i te puia e totohu ana.
I pānuitia te kitenga o Haimara-18 i te Hui-tanguru 2019 hei kitenga wai whakapūpū i roto i tētahi puna wai kounga teitei, 63 mita te roa. Kei te rohe o Haimara-1 i waenganui i a Stabroek i Guyana me te Poraka 58 i Suriname.
E rua ngā kitenga a Tullow mā (raihana Orinduik) i roto i te kitenga a Stabroek i te awaawa arawhata:
I te 17 o Noema, 2020, i panuitia e ExxonMobil me tana hoa mahi (te Poraka Kaieteur) he mea kitea te puna Tanager-1 engari i kiia ehara i te mea arumoni. I kitea e te puna he 16 mita te hohonu o te hinu kupenga i roto i ngā onepū Maastrichtian kounga teitei, engari i whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga wai he hinu taumaha ake i te whanaketanga Liza. I kitea ngā puna wai kounga teitei i roto i ngā hanganga hohonu o Santonian me Turonian. Kei te arotakehia tonutia ngā raraunga.
I waho o Suriname, e toru ngā puna tūhura wai hohonu i keria i waenga i te tau 2015 me te tau 2017 he puna maroke. E rua ngā poka maroke i keria e Apache (Popokai-1 me Kolibrie-1) i te Poraka 53, ā, i keria e Petronas tētahi poka maroke Roselle-1 i te Poraka 52, Pikitia 2.
I te takutai moana o Suriname, i panuitia e Tullow i te Oketopa 2017 kāore he toka puna nui o te puna Araku-1, engari i whakaatuhia te aroaro o te hau whakapūpū.11 I keria te puna me ngā rerekētanga nui o te kaha ru. Ko ngā hua mai i tēnei puna e whakaatu mārama ana i te mōrearea/te koretake e pā ana ki ngā rerekētanga o te kaha, ā, e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mō ngā raraunga mai i te puna, tae atu ki ngā raraunga matua, hei whakatau i ngā take whakataunga ru.
I keria e Kosmos ngā poka maroke e rua (Anapai-1 me Anapai-1A) i te Poraka 45 i te tau 201816, me te poka maroke o Pontoenoe-1 i te Poraka 42.
I te tīmatanga o te tau 2019, he pōuri te tirohanga mō ngā wai hohonu o Suriname. Engari kua tata te pai haere o tēnei āhuatanga!
I te tīmatanga o Hānuere 2020, i te Poraka 58 i Suriname, i pānuitia e Apache/Total17 te kitenga o te hinu i te puna tūhuratanga Maka-1, i keria i te mutunga o te tau 2019. Ko Maka-1 te tuatahi o ngā kitenga e whā ka pānuitia e Apache/Total i te tau 2020 (ngā kaipupuri moni Apache). Ko ia puna kua kitea he puna wai Campania me Santonia kua whakarārangihia, me ngā puna wai whakapūkara waro motuhake. E ai ki ngā pūrongo, he tino pai te kounga o te puna wai. Ka riro a Total hei kaiwhakahaere mō te Poraka 58 i te tau 2021. Kei te keria he puna aromatawai.
I te 11 o Tīhema, 2020, i pānuitia e Petronas18 te kitenga o te hinu i te puna o Sloanea-1. I kitea te hinu i roto i ētahi onepū o Campania. Ko te Poraka 52 he au me te rawhiti i kitea e Apache i te Poraka 58.
I te haere tonu o ngā tūhuratanga me ngā aromatawai i te tau 2021, ka maha ngā tirohanga whakamua i te rohe hei tirotiro māu.
Ngā puna o Guyana hei tirotiro mā te tau 2021. Nō te 3 o Poutū-te-rangi, 2021 i panuitia ai e ExxonMobil me ngā hoa mahi (Canje Block)19 he puna maroke te puna Bulletwood-1, engari i whakaatuhia e ngā hua he pūnaha hinu e mahi ana i roto i te poraka. Kua whakaritea ngā puna whai muri i te poraka Canje mō te Hauwhā Tuatahi o te tau 2021 (Jabillo-1) me te Hauwhā Tuarua o te tau 2021 (Sapote-1).20
Kei te whakamahere a ExxonMobil me ngā hoa mahi i te poraka Stabroek ki te keri i te puna Krobia-1 16 maero ki te raki-mā-rāwhiti o te mara Liza. Muri iho, ka keria te puna Redtail-1 12 maero ki te rawhiti o te mara Liza.
I te poraka o Corentyne (CGX et al), tera pea ka keria he puna i te tau 2021 hei whakamātautau i te tirohanga o Santonian Kawa. He ia tēnei mō ngā kaha o Santonian, me ngā tau ōrite i kitea i Stabroek me Suriname Poraka 58. Kua whakaroahia te rā kati mō te keria o te puna ki te 21 o Noema, 2021.
Ngā puna o Suriname hei tirotiro mā te tau 2021. I keria e Tullow Oil te puna GVN-1 i te Poraka 47 i te 24 o Hānuere, 2021. Ko te whāinga o tēnei puna he whāinga takirua i te turbidite o te Cretaceous o Runga. I whakahōu a Tullow i te āhuatanga i te 18 o Poutū-te-rangi, me te kī kua tae te puna ki te TD, ā, kua tūtaki ki tētahi puna kounga teitei, engari he iti noa te hinu i kitea. He mea whakamere te kite i te pānga o tēnei hua pai ki ngā puna NNE o muri mai mai i ngā kitenga o Apache me Petronas ki ngā poraka 42, 53, 48 me te 59.
I te tīmatanga o Pēpuere, i keria e Total/Apache tētahi puna aromatawai i te Poraka 58, te āhua nei i heke iho i tētahi kitenga i roto i te poraka. Muri iho, ka keria pea te puna tūhuratanga Bonboni-1 i te pito raki rawa o te Poraka 58 i tēnei tau. He mea whakamere ki te kite mēnā ka rite ngā warowaiha Walker i te Poraka 42 i te kitenga Ranger-1 i Stabroek ā muri ake nei. Me whakahaere whakamātautau.
Te Rautaki Raihana o Suriname. Kua pānuitia e Staatsolie tētahi rautaki raihana 2020-2021 mō ngā raihana e waru e toro atu ana mai i Shoreline ki Apache/Total Block 58. Ka tuwhera te rūma raraunga mariko i te 30 o Noema, 2020. Ka pau ngā tono i te 30 o Paenga-whāwhā, 2021.
Mahere Whakawhanake Starbrook. Kua whakaputa a ExxonMobil me Hess i ngā taipitopito o ā rāua mahere whakawhanake mara, e kitea ana i ngā wāhi rerekē, engari he wāhi pai hei tīmatanga mā Hess Investor Day 8 Hakihea 2018. E toru ngā wāhanga e whakawhanakehia ana a Liza, ko te hinu tuatahi ka puta i te tau 2020, e rima tau i muri i te kitenga, Pikitia 3. Ko ngā FPSO e pā ana ki te whakawhanaketanga o raro moana he tauira o tā rāua ngana ki te tapahi i ngā utu hei tiki i te whakaputanga wawe - tae atu ki ngā utu - i te wā e iti ana ngā utu hinu mata o Brent.
I pānuitia e ExxonMobil e whakamahere ana rātou ki te tuku i ngā mahere mō te wha o ngā whanaketanga nui a Stabroek i mua i te mutunga o te tau 2021.
wero. Neke atu i te tau i muri i ngā utu hinu kino o mua, kua ora ake te umanga, me ngā utu WTI neke atu i te $65, ā, ko te rohe o Guyana-Suriname te whanaketanga tino whakahihiri o te tekau tau 2020. Kua tuhia ngā puna kitenga i te rohe. E ai ki a Westwood, neke atu i te 75% o te hinu i kitea i te tekau tau kua hipa, me te iti rawa 50% o te hau maori i kitea i roto i ngā mahanga stratigraphic clastic. rua tekau mā tahi
Ehara i te mea ko ngā āhuatanga o te puna wai te wero nui, nā te mea kei te āhua nei kei te toka me te wai te kounga e hiahiatia ana. Ehara i te hangarau nā te mea kua whakawhanakehia te hangarau wai hohonu mai i te tekau tau atu i 1980. Tērā pea ka whakamahia tēnei whai wāhitanga mai i te tīmatanga ki te whakatinana i ngā mahi pai rawa atu a te umanga ki te whakaputa i waho o te moana. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā tari kāwanatanga me te rāngai tūmataiti te whakawhanake i ngā ture me ngā kaupapa here hei whakatutuki i tētahi anga e pai ana ki te taiao, ā, ka taea ai te tipu ōhanga me te pāpori i ngā whenua e rua.
Ahakoa rā, ka āta tirotirohia e te umanga a Guyana-Suriname mō tēnei tau me ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei. I ētahi wā, he maha ngā whai wāhitanga mō ngā kāwanatanga, ngā kaipupuri moni me ngā kamupene E&P ki te whai wāhi atu ki ngā huihuinga me ngā mahi e whakaaetia ana e te Covid. Kei roto i ēnei ko:
He umanga tohutohu whakahaere a Endeavor Management e mahi tahi ana me ngā kiritaki ki te whakatutuki i te uara tūturu mai i ā rātou kaupapa whakarerekētanga rautaki. E rua ngā tirohanga a Endeavor mō te whakahaere i te pakihi mā te whakarato pūngao, me te mahi anō hoki hei whakakorikori hei whakarerekē i te pakihi mā te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono matua o te kaiārahi me ngā rautaki pakihi.
Nā te 50 tau o te hinonga i roto i te ao hokohoko, kua hua mai he whānuitanga o ngā tikanga kua whakamātauhia, ā, ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu o Endeavor te whakatutuki i ngā rautaki whakawhiti tino pai, te hiranga o te mahi, te whakawhanake i te kaiārahi, te tautoko hangarau kōrero, me te tautoko whakatau. He māramatanga hōhonu ā ngā kaitohutohu o Endeavor mō te mahi, ā, he whānui hoki ō rātou wheako ahumahi, e āhei ai tā mātou tīma ki te mārama wawe ki ā mātou kamupene kiritaki me ngā whanaketanga o te mākete.
Kei raro i ngā ture mana pupuri tino kaha ngā rauemi katoa, tēnā pānuihia ā mātou Ture me ngā Here, Kaupapahere Pihikete me te Kaupapahere Tūmataitinga i mua i te whakamahi i tēnei pae.