Ma kēia ʻāina hoʻohiki, ua paʻakikī i nā mea hana ke hoʻololi mai kahi kumu hoʻohālike ʻimi/loiloi i nā hana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana.
Ua hōʻike mai nā ʻike hou i loko o ke Kai ʻo Guyana-Suriname i kahi 10+ Bbbl o nā kumuwaiwai ʻaila a ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 Tcf o ke kinoea kūlohelohe.1 E like me nā holomua he nui o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, he moʻolelo kēia e hoʻomaka me ka holomua o ka ʻimi ʻana ma uka, a ukali ʻia e kahi manawa lōʻihi o ka hoka ʻana o ka ʻimi ʻana ma ke kahakai, e hoʻopau ana i ka holomua o ke kai hohonu.
ʻO ka holomua hope loa he hōʻike ia i ke ahonui a me ka holomua o ka ʻimi ʻana o nā aupuni o Guyana a me Suriname a me kā lākou mau keʻena ʻaila a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā IOC ma ka palena hoʻololi ʻApelika i ka palena hoʻololi ʻAmelika Hema i hui pū ʻia. ʻO nā luawai holomua ma ke Basin Guyana-Suriname ka hopena o ka hui pū ʻana o nā kumu, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea e pili ana i ka ʻenehana.
I loko o nā makahiki 5 e hiki mai ana, e lilo kēia wahi i piko o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, me nā mea i loaʻa i kēia manawa e lilo i wahi loiloi/hoʻomohala; ke ʻimi nei kekahi mau mea ʻimi i nā mea hou.
ʻImi ʻana ma uka. Ma Suriname a me Guyana, ua ʻike ʻia nā kahe ʻana o ka ʻaila mai ka makahiki 1800 a hiki i ka makahiki 1900. Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana ma Suriname i ka ʻaila ma ka hohonu o 160 m i ka wā e ʻeli ana no ka wai ma kahi kahua ma ke kauhale ʻo Kolkata.2 Ua ʻike ʻia ke kahua ʻaila ...
ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā Guyana ka holomua like ma uka; ua ʻeli ʻia he 13 mau luawai mai ka makahiki 1916, akā ʻelua wale nō i ʻike i ka ʻaila.3 ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻaila ma uka i nā makahiki 1940 i hopena i kahi noiʻi geological o ke kahawai ʻo Takatu. Ua ʻeli ʻia ʻekolu mau luawai ma waena o 1981 a me 1993, maloʻo a ʻaʻole kālepa paha. Ua hōʻoia nā luawai i ke alo o ka shale ʻeleʻele mānoanoa, ka makahiki Cenomanian-Turonian (i ʻike ʻia ʻo Canje Fm), e like me ka La Luna Formation ma Venezuela.
He moʻolelo holomua ko Venezuela no ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaila.4 Ua hoʻi ka holomua o ka ʻeli ʻana i ka makahiki 1908, ʻo ka mea mua ma ka luawai ʻo Zumbaque 1 ma ke komohana o ka ʻāina, 5 I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua a me nā makahiki 1920 a me 1930, ua hoʻomau ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana ʻana mai Lake Maracaibo. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana o nā one tar 6 ma ka Orinoco Belt i ka makahiki 1936 ua loaʻa ka hopena nui i nā waihona ʻaila a me nā kumuwaiwai, e hāʻawi ana i 78 Bbbl o nā waihona ʻaila; ua hoʻonohonoho kēia waihona i ka helu ʻekahi o Venezuela i kēia manawa ma nā waihona. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o La Luna (Cenomanian-Turonian) ka pōhaku kumu honua no ka hapa nui o ka ʻaila. ʻO La Luna7 ke kuleana no ka hapa nui o ka ʻaila i ʻike ʻia a hana ʻia ma ka Maracaibo Basin a me kekahi mau kīʻaha ʻē aʻe ma Colombia, Ecuador a me Peru. ʻO nā pōhaku kumu i loaʻa ma waho o Guyana a me Suriname he mau ʻano like a he like ko lākou mau makahiki me nā mea i loaʻa ma La Luna.
ʻImi ʻAila ma waho o ke Kai ma Guyana: Ka ʻĀpana Papa ʻĀina. Ua hoʻomaka kūhelu ka hana ʻimi ma ka papa ʻāina i ka makahiki 1967 me 7 mau luawai ma waho o ke Kai-1 a me -2 ma Guyana. Aia he 15 mau makahiki ma mua o ka ʻeli ʻia ʻana o Arapaima-1, ukali ʻia e Horseshoe-1 i ka makahiki 2000 a me Eagle-1 a me Jaguar-1 i ka makahiki 2012. ʻEono o nā luawai ʻeiwa i loaʻa nā hōʻike ʻaila a kinoea paha; ʻo Abary-1 wale nō, i ʻeli ʻia i ka makahiki 1975, he ʻaila kahe (37 oAPI). ʻOiai ʻo ka nele o nā ʻike waiwai he mea hoʻohoka, he mea nui kēia mau luawai no ka mea ke hōʻoia nei lākou e hana ana kahi ʻōnaehana ʻaila hana maikaʻi i ka ʻaila.
ʻImi ʻAila ma waho o Suriname: Ka ʻĀpana Papa ʻĀina. Ua like ka moʻolelo o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka papa ʻāina o Suriname me ko Guyana. Ua ʻeli ʻia he 9 mau luawai i ka makahiki 2011, 3 o ia mau mea i loaʻa nā hōʻikeʻike ʻaila; ua maloʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia hou, ʻo ka nele o nā ʻike waiwai he mea hoʻohoka, akā ua hōʻoia nā luawai e hana ana kahi ʻōnaehana ʻaila maikaʻi i ka ʻaila.
Ua ʻeli ka ODP Leg 207 i ʻelima mau wahi i ka makahiki 2003 ma ka Demerara Rise e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ke kahawai ʻo Guyana-Suriname mai ka ʻāina ʻo French Guiana. ʻO ka mea nui, ua loaʻa i nā luawai ʻelima ka pōhaku kumu Cenomanian-Turonian Canje Formation like i loaʻa i nā luawai ʻo Guyana a me Suriname, e hōʻoia ana i ke alo o ka pōhaku kumu ʻo La Luna.
Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻimi holomua ʻana o nā palena hoʻololi o ʻApelika me ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka ʻaila Tullow i ka makahiki 2007 ma ke kahua Jubilee ma Ghana. Ma hope o kona holomua i ka makahiki 2009, ua ʻike ʻia ka paʻakikī TEN ma ke komohana o Jubilee. Ua hoʻoikaika kēia mau holomua i nā lāhui ʻApelika equatorial e hāʻawi i nā laikini wai hohonu, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia e nā hui ʻaila, e hoʻoulu ana i ka ʻimi ʻana mai Côte d'Ivoire a i Liberia a i Sierra Leone. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa loa ka ʻeli ʻana no kēia mau ʻano pāʻani like i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili waiwai. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ka hele ʻana i ke komohana mai Ghana ma nā palena o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ʻApelika, ʻoi aku ka emi ʻana o ka helu holomua.
E like me ka hapa nui o nā holomua o ʻApelika Komohana ma Angola, Cabinda a me nā kai ʻākau, ua hōʻoia kēia mau holomua hohonu o Ghana i kahi manaʻo pāʻani like. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka manaʻo hoʻomohala ma luna o kahi pōhaku kumu makua honua a me ka ʻōnaehana ala neʻe e pili ana. ʻO ke one kahawai pali ka mea nui o ka waihona, i kapa ʻia ʻo turbidite. Ua kapa ʻia nā pahele he mau pahele stratigraphic a hilinaʻi i nā sila luna a me nā ʻaoʻao paʻa (shale). He mea kākaʻikahi nā pahele kūkulu. Ua ʻike mua nā ʻoihana aila, ma ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua maloʻo, pono lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pane seismic o nā one pōhaku e lawe ana i ka hydrocarbon mai nā one pōhaku pulu. Mālama kēlā me kēia ʻoihana aila i kona ʻike loea i ka pehea e hoʻopili ai i ka mea huna o ka ʻenehana. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēlā me kēia luawai ma hope e hoʻoponopono i kēia ʻano. Ke hōʻoia ʻia, hiki i kēia ala ke hōʻemi nui i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka loiloi ʻeli ʻana a me nā luawai hoʻomohala a me nā manaʻolana hou.
Hoʻohana pinepine nā kānaka ʻepekema honua i ka huaʻōlelo "trendology". He manaʻo maʻalahi ia e hiki ai i nā kānaka ʻepekema honua ke hoʻoili i ko lākou mau manaʻo ʻimi mai kekahi kīʻaha a i kekahi. Ma kēia ʻano, ua hoʻoholo nā IOC he nui i kūleʻa ma ʻApelika Komohana a me ka palena hoʻololi ʻApelika e hoʻopili i kēia mau manaʻo i ka South American Equatorial Margin (SAEM). ʻO ka hopena, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2010, ua loaʻa i ka hui nā laikini no nā poloka kai hohonu ma Guyana, Suriname a me French Guiana.
Ua ʻike ʻia i Kepakemapa 2011 ma ka ʻeli ʻana iā Zaedyus-1 ma ka hohonu o 2,000 m ma waho o Guiana Farani, ʻo Tullow Oil ka hui mua i loaʻa nā hydrocarbons koʻikoʻi ma SAEM. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Tullow Oil ua loaʻa i ka luawai he 72 m o nā mea pā uku ʻupena i loko o ʻelua mau turbidites. E hālāwai nā luawai loiloi ʻekolu i ke one mānoanoa akā ʻaʻohe hydrocarbons kalepa.
Ua holomua ʻo Guyana.ExxonMobil/Hess et al.Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka luawai ʻo Liza-1 kaulana i kēia manawa (Liza-1 Well 12) i Mei 2015 ma ka laikini Stabroek ma waho o Guyana.ʻO ke one turbidite Upper Cretaceous ka waihona.ʻO ka luawai Skipjack-1 i ʻeli ʻia i ka makahiki 2016 ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hydrocarbons kalepa.I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻolaha nā hoa o Stabroek i ka huina o 18 mau ʻike me ka huina waiwai hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ma mua o 8 mau barela o ka ʻaila (ExxonMobil)!Hoʻoponopono nā hoa o Stabroek i nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka pane Seismic o nā waihona wai Hydrocarbon-bearing vs Aquifer (Hess Investor, Investor Day 2018 8).Ua ʻike ʻia nā pōhaku kumu hohonu o Albian i loko o kekahi mau luawai.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ua ʻike ʻo ExxonMobil a me kāna mau hoa i ka ʻaila i loko o ka waihona kalapona o ka luawai Ranger-1 i hoʻolaha ʻia i ka makahiki 2018. Aia nā hōʻike he waihona kalapona kēia i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o kahi lua pele e emi ana.
Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o Haimara-18 i Pepeluali 2019 ma ke ʻano he ʻike condensate i loko o kahi waihona wai kiʻekiʻe he 63 m ka nui. Aia ʻo Haimara-1 ma ka palena ma waena o Stabroek ma Guyana a me ka Block 58 ma Suriname.
Ua hana ʻo Tullow lāua ʻo nā hoa (laikini Orinduik) i ʻelua mau ʻike ma ka ʻike ʻana o Stabroek i ke kahawai ramp:
Ua hoʻolaha ʻo ExxonMobil a me kāna hoa (ka Kaieteur Block) ma Nowemapa 17, 2020, he mea i ʻike ʻia ka luawai Tanager-1 akā ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ia he mea kālepa. Ua loaʻa i ka luawai he 16 m o ka ʻaila ʻupena i loko o nā one Maastrichtian kiʻekiʻe, akā ua hōʻike ka loiloi wai i ka ʻaila kaumaha ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Liza. Ua ʻike ʻia nā waihona wai kiʻekiʻe ma nā ʻano hohonu o Santonian a me Turonian. Ke loiloi ʻia nei ka ʻikepili.
Ma waho o Suriname, ʻekolu mau luawai ʻimi hohonu i ʻeli ʻia ma waena o 2015 a me 2017 he mau luawai maloʻo. Ua ʻeli ʻo Apache i ʻelua mau lua maloʻo (Popokai-1 a me Kolibrie-1) ma ka Poloka 53 a ua ʻeli ʻo Petronas i kahi lua maloʻo Roselle-1 ma ka Poloka 52, Kiʻi 2.
Ma waho o Suriname, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Tullow i ʻOkakopa 2017 ʻaʻohe pōhaku waihona koʻikoʻi o ka luawai ʻo Araku-1, akā ua hōʻike i ke alo o ka condensate kinoea.11 Ua ʻeli ʻia ka luawai me nā anomalies amplitude seismic koʻikoʻi. Hōʻike maopopo nā hopena mai kēia luawai i ka pilikia/kānalua e pili ana i nā anomalies amplitude a hōʻike i ka pono o ka ʻikepili mai ka luawai, me ka ʻikepili koʻikoʻi, e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia hoʻonā seismic.
Ua ʻeli ʻo Kosmos i ʻelua lua maloʻo (ʻAnapai-1 a me Anapai-1A) ma ka Poloka 45 i ka makahiki 201816, a me ka lua maloʻo ʻo Pontoenoe-1 ma ka Poloka 42.
ʻIke loa, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2019, ua kaumaha ka nānā ʻana no nā wai hohonu o Suriname. Akā e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia kēia kūlana!
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Ianuali 2020, ma ka Poloka 58 ma Suriname, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Apache/Total17 i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻaila ma ka lua ʻimi ʻo Maka-1, kahi i ʻeli ʻia i ka hopena o 2019. ʻO Maka-1 ka mua o nā ʻike ʻehā i hoʻomau ʻia e Apache/Total e hoʻolaha i ka makahiki 2020 (nā mea hoʻopukapuka Apache). ʻO kēlā me kēia lua i loaʻa i nā waihona wai ʻo Campania a me Santonia, a me nā waihona wai condensate hydrocarbon kaʻawale. Wahi a nā hōʻike, maikaʻi loa ke ʻano o ka waihona wai. E lilo ʻo Total i mea hoʻokele o ka Poloka 58 i ka makahiki 2021. Ke ʻeli ʻia nei kahi lua loiloi.
Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Petronas18 i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻaila ma ka luawai ʻo Sloanea-1 ma Dekemaba 11, 2020. Loaʻa ka ʻaila ma kekahi mau one ʻo Campania. ʻO ka Poloka 52 kahi ʻano a me ka hikina i loaʻa iā Apache ma ka Poloka 58.
I ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka ʻimi a me nā loiloi i ka makahiki 2021, e nui nā mea i manaʻo ʻia ma ia wahi e nānā ai.
Nā luawai Guyana e nānā ai i ka makahiki 2021. Ua hoʻolaha wale aku ʻo ExxonMobil a me nā hoa (Canje Block)19 ma Malaki 3, 2021 he luawai maloʻo ka luawai Bulletwood-1, akā ua hōʻike nā hopena i kahi ʻōnaehana aila e hana ana ma ka poloka. Ua hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia nā luawai hahai ma ka poloka Canje no Q1 2021 (Jabillo-1) a me Q2 2021 (Sapote-1).20
Hoʻolālā ʻo ExxonMobil a me nā hoa hana ma ka poloka Stabroek e ʻeli i ka luawai ʻo Krobia-1 he 16 mile ma ka ʻākau hikina o ke kahua ʻo Liza. Ma hope iho, e ʻeli ʻia ka luawai ʻo Redtail-1 he 12 mile ma ka hikina o ke kahua ʻo Liza.
Ma ka poloka ʻo Corentyne (CGX et al), hiki ke ʻeli ʻia kahi luawai i ka makahiki 2021 e hoʻāʻo ai i ka ʻike ʻana o Santonian Kawa. He ʻano kēia no nā amplitudes Santonian, me nā makahiki like i loaʻa ma Stabroek a me Suriname Block 58. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka lā palena e ʻeli ai i ka luawai a hiki i Nowemapa 21, 2021.
Nā luawai Suriname e nānā ai i ka makahiki 2021. Ua ʻeli ʻo Tullow Oil i ka luawai GVN-1 ma ka Poloka 47 ma Ianuali 24, 2021. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia luawai he pahuhopu pālua ma ka turbidite Upper Cretaceous. Ua hōʻano hou ʻo Tullow i ke kūlana ma Malaki 18, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua hōʻea ka luawai i TD a ua hālāwai me kahi waihona wai kiʻekiʻe, akā ua hōʻike i nā ʻaila liʻiliʻi. He mea hoihoi ia e ʻike pehea e pili ai kēia hopena maikaʻi i nā luawai NNE e hiki mai ana mai nā ʻike ʻana o Apache a me Petronas a hiki i nā poloka 42, 53, 48 a me 59.
I ka hoʻomaka o Pepeluali, ua ʻeli ʻo Total/Apache i kahi lua loiloi ma ka Poloka 58, me he mea lā ua piʻi aʻe mai kahi ʻike ʻana ma ka poloka. Ma hope iho, e ʻeli ʻia paha ka lua ʻimi ʻo Bonboni-1 ma ka wēlau ʻākau loa o ka Poloka 58 i kēia makahiki. He mea hoihoi ia e ʻike inā e like nā carbonates Walker ma ka Poloka 42 i ka wā e hiki mai ana me ka ʻike ʻana o Ranger-1 ma Stabroek. E hana i ka hoʻāʻo.
ʻO Suriname Licensing Round. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Staatsolie i kahi hoʻolālā laikini 2020-2021 no nā laikini ʻewalu e hoʻolōʻihi ana mai Shoreline a i Apache/Total Block 58. E wehe ʻia ka lumi ʻikepili virtual ma Nowemapa 30, 2020. E pau nā noi ma ʻApelila 30, 2021.
Hoʻolālā Hoʻomohala ʻo Starbrook. Ua paʻi ʻo ExxonMobil lāua ʻo Hess i nā kikoʻī o kā lāua mau hoʻolālā hoʻomohala kahua, hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi like ʻole, akā ʻo ka Hess Investor Day 8 Dekemaba 2018 kahi wahi maikaʻi e hoʻomaka ai. Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei ʻo Liza i ʻekolu mau pae, me ka ʻaila mua e kū mai ana i ka makahiki 2020, ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana, Kiʻi 3. ʻO nā FPSO e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala subsea he laʻana o kā lākou hoʻāʻo e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai e loaʻa ai ka hana mua - a me nā kumukūʻai - i ka manawa e haʻahaʻa ai nā kumukūʻai maka Brent.
Ua hoʻolaha ʻo ExxonMobil e hoʻolālā ana e waiho i nā hoʻolālā no ka hoʻomohala nui ʻehā o Stabroek ma ka hopena o 2021.
pilikia. Ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o nā kumukūʻai aila maikaʻi ʻole o ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻōla ka ʻoihana, me nā kumukūʻai WTI ma luna o $65, a ʻo ke Guyana-Suriname Basin e kū mai ana ma ke ʻano he hoʻomohala hoihoi loa o nā makahiki 2020. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā luawai ʻike ma ia wahi. Wahi a Westwood, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o 75% o ka aila i ʻike ʻia i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala a ma ka liʻiliʻi he 50% o ke kinoea kūlohelohe i loaʻa i nā pahele stratigraphic clastic. iwakāluakūmākahi
ʻAʻole nā ​​​​​​waiwai waihona wai ka pilikia nui loa, ʻoiai ʻo ka pōhaku a me ke kahe e like me ka maikaʻi e pono ai. ʻAʻole ia he ʻenehana no ka mea ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻenehana wai hohonu mai ka makahiki 1980. He mea hiki ke hoʻohana i kēia manawa kūpono mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻokō i nā hana maikaʻi loa o ka ʻoihana i ka hana ʻana ma waho. E hiki ai i nā keʻena aupuni a me ka ʻāpana pilikino ke hoʻomohala i nā lula a me nā kulekele e hoʻokō ai i kahi ʻōnaehana pili i ke kaiapuni a hiki ai ke ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka nohona ma nā ʻāina ʻelua.
Akā naʻe, e nānā pono ana ka ʻoihana iā Guyana-Suriname no ka liʻiliʻi o kēia makahiki a me nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana. I kekahi mau hihia, nui nā manawa kūpono no nā aupuni, nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā a me nā ʻoihana E&P e komo i nā hanana a me nā hana e like me ka ʻae ʻana o Covid. ʻO kēia mau mea:
He hui kūkākūkā hoʻokele ʻo Endeavor Management e hui pū ana me nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻomaopopo i ka waiwai maoli mai kā lākou mau hana hoʻololi hoʻolālā. Mālama ʻo Endeavor i kahi hiʻohiʻona pālua i ka holo ʻana i ka ʻoihana ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ikehu, ʻoiai e hana ana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika e hoʻololi i ka ʻoihana ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā loina alakaʻi koʻikoʻi a me nā hoʻolālā ʻoihana.
Ua hopena ka hoʻoilina 50 makahiki o ka hui i kahi waihona nui o nā ʻano hana i hōʻoia ʻia e hiki ai i nā mea kūkākūkā Endeavor ke hāʻawi i nā hoʻolālā hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe loa, ka maikaʻi o ka hana, ka hoʻomohala alakaʻi, ke kākoʻo loea kūkākūkā, a me ke kākoʻo hoʻoholo. Loaʻa i nā mea kūkākūkā Endeavor nā ʻike hana hohonu a me ka ʻike ākea o ka ʻoihana, e ʻae ana i kā mākou hui e hoʻomaopopo koke i kā mākou mau ʻoihana mea kūʻai aku a me nā dinamika mākeke.
Pili nā mea āpau i nā kānāwai kope kope i hoʻokō pono ʻia, e ʻoluʻolu e heluhelu i kā mākou ʻ Termslelo a me nā Kūlana, Kulekele Kuki a me Kulekele pilikino ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia pūnaewele.