Munzvimbo iyi ine tariro, vashandi vava kuda kuchinja kubva pakuongorora/kuongorora modhi kuenda kune nzira dzakanakisisa dzekusimudzira nekugadzira.
Zvakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura muGuyana-Suriname Basin zvinoratidza kuti mafuta anosvika 10+ Bbbl uye gasi rechisikigo rinodarika 30 Tcf.1 Sezvineiwo nekubudirira kwemafuta negasi, iyi inyaya inotanga nekubudirira kwekutanga kwekutsvaga ngarava, ichiteverwa nenguva yakareba yekusafara kwekutsvaga ngarava kubva pamhenderekedzo kusvika pasherufu, zvichiguma nekubudirira kwemvura yakadzika.
Kubudirira uku kunoratidza kutsungirira nekubudirira kwehurumende dzeGuyana neSuriname pamwe nemasangano avo emafuta uye kushandiswa kweIOCs muAfrica conversion fringe kune conjugated conversion fringe yeSouth America. Matsime anobudirira muGuyana neSuriname Basin anokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakawanda zvacho zvine chekuita netekinoroji.
Mumakore mashanu anotevera, nzvimbo iyi ichave nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro yemafuta negasi, uye zvakawanikwa zviripo zvichiva nzvimbo yekuongorora/kusimudzira; vaongorori vakati wandei vachiri kutsvaga zvakawanikwa.
Kutsvaga mafuta mugungwa. MuSuriname neGuyana, kuyerera kwemafuta kwaizivikanwa kubva kuma1800 kusvika kuma1900. Kutsvaga mafuta muSuriname kwakawana mafuta pakadzika kwemamita 160 panguva yekuchera mvura pakambasi iri mumusha weKolkata.2 Munda weTambaredjo uri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa (mafuta e15-17 oAPI) wakawanikwa muna 1968. Mafuta ekutanga akatanga muna 1982. Minda yemafuta esatelliti kuenda kuKolkata neTambaredjo yakawedzerwa. STOOIP yekutanga yeminda iyi i1 Bbbl oiri. Parizvino, kugadzirwa kweminda iyi kunosvika mabara 16,000 pazuva.2 Mafuta asina kucheneswa ePetronas anogadziriswa paTout Lui Faut refinery nemagetsi anoburitsa mabara 15,000 pazuva ekugadzira dhiziri, peturu, mafuta emafuta nebhitumini.
Guyana haina kubudirira zvakafanana mugungwa; matsime gumi nematatu akacherwa kubvira muna 1916, asi maviri chete ndiwo akaona oiri.3 Kutsvaga oiri mugungwa muma1940 kwakaguma nekudzidza nezve geology yeTakatu Basin. Matsime matatu akacherwa pakati pa1981 na1993, ese akaoma kana kuti asiri ekutengeserana. Matsime aya akasimbisa kuvapo kweshale nhema gobvu, iyo Cenomanian-Turonian age (inozivikanwa seCanje Fm), yakaenzana neLa Luna Formation muVenezuela.
Venezuela ine nhoroondo yekubudirira mukutsvaga nekugadzira mafuta.4 Kubudirira kwekuchera kwakatangira muna 1908, kutanga patsime reZumbaque 1 kumadokero kwenyika, 5 Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga uye muma1920 nema1930, kugadzirwa kubva kuLake Maracaibo kwakaramba kuchikwira. Ehe, kuwanikwa kwejecha retara 6 muOrinoco Belt muna 1936 kwakakanganisa zvikuru mafuta akachengetwa nezviwanikwa, zvichipa 78 Bbbl yemafuta akachengetwa; dhamu iri riri panhamba yekutanga muVenezuela parizvino muzviwanikwa. Kuumbwa kweLa Luna (Cenomanian-Turonian) ndiro dombo repasi rose remafuta akawanda.La Luna7 ndiyo ine basa remafuta mazhinji akawanikwa uye akagadzirwa muMaracaibo Basin nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda muColombia, Ecuador nePeru. Matombo ezviwanikwa akawanikwa ari kure neGuyana neSuriname ane hunhu hwakafanana uye ane zera rimwe chete neakawanikwa muLa Luna.
Kutsvaga Oiri Kunze kweMhenderekedzo muGuyana: Nzvimbo yeContinental Shelf. Basa rekutsvaga pasherufu yekondinendi rakatanga zviri pamutemo muna 1967 nematsime manomwe eOffshore-1 ne-2 muGuyana. Pakanga paine musiyano wemakore gumi nemashanu Arapaima-1 isati yacherwa, ichiteverwa neHorseshoe-1 muna 2000 uye Eagle-1 neJaguar-1 muna 2012. Matsime matanhatu pamapfumbamwe ane kuratidzwa kwemafuta kana gasi; Abary-1 chete, yakacherwa muna 1975, ndiyo ine mafuta anoyerera (37 oAPI). Kunyangwe kusawanikwa kwemari kuchiodza mwoyo, matsime aya akakosha nekuti anosimbisa kuti sisitimu yemafuta inoshanda zvakanaka iri kugadzira mafuta.
Kutsvaga Petroleum Kunze kweSuriname: Nzvimbo yeContinental Shelf. Nyaya yekuongorora masherufu eSuriname yakafanana neyeGuyana. Matsime mapfumbamwe akacherwa muna 2011, matatu acho aine oiri; mamwe acho akanga akaoma. Zvakare, kusawanikwa kwehupfumi kunosuwisa, asi matsime aya anosimbisa kuti sisitimu yemafuta inoshanda zvakanaka iri kugadzira oiri.
ODP Leg 207 yakachera nzvimbo shanu muna 2003 paDemerara Rise inoparadzanisa Guyana-Suriname Basin neFrench Guiana iri kumahombekombe. Chinokosha ndechekuti, matsime ese mashanu akasangana nedombo rimwechete reCenomanian-Turonian Canje Formation rakawanikwa mumatsime eGuyana neSuriname, zvichiratidza kuvapo kwedombo reLa Luna.
Kubudirira kwekutsvaga nzvimbo dzekuchinja muAfrica kwakatanga nekuwanikwa kweoiri yeTullow muna 2007 pamunda weJubilee muGhana. Mushure mekubudirira kwayo muna 2009, TEN complex yakawanikwa kumadokero kweJubilee. Kubudirira uku kwakaita kuti nyika dzemuAfrica dziri muEquator dzipe marezenisi emvura yakadzika, ayo makambani eoiri akatora, zvichikonzera kutsvaga kubva kuCôte d'Ivoire kuenda kuLiberia kuenda kuSierra Leone. Zvinosuwisa kuti, kuchera mhando idzi dzemitambo kwave kusina kubudirira mukuwana hupfumi hwakawanda. Kazhinji, kana uchienda kumadokero kubva kuGhana uchitevedza miganhu yekuchinja kweAfrica, huwandu hwebudiriro hunoderera zvakanyanya.
Sezvakaitika kukubudirira kwakawanda kweWest Africa muAngola, Cabinda nekuchamhembe kwegungwa, kubudirira uku kweGhana mumvura yakadzika kunosimbisa pfungwa yakafanana yemitambo. Pfungwa yekuvandudza iyi yakavakirwa padombo repasi rose rakakura uye sisitimu yekufamba inoenderana nekufamba. Dura iri rinonyanya kuve jecha remugero, rinonzi turbidite. Misungo inonzi stratigraphic traps uye inovimba nezvisimbiso zvakasimba zvepamusoro nepadivi (shale). Misungo yekuvaka haiwanzoitiki. Makambani emafuta akawana pakutanga kuti, nekuchera makomba akaoma, aifanira kusiyanisa mhinduro dzematombo ejecha ane hydrocarbon kubva kumatombo ejecha akanyorova. Kambani yega yega yemafuta inochengetedza hunyanzvi hwayo hwehunyanzvi hwekushandisa tekinoroji iyi chakavanzika. Tsime rega rega rinotevera rakashandiswa kugadzirisa nzira iyi. Kana yasimbiswa, nzira iyi inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi dzine chekuita nekuongorora kwekuchera nekugadzira matsime uye mikana mitsva.
Nyanzvi dzezve geology dzinowanzo taura nezve izwi rekuti "trendology". Ipfungwa iri nyore inobvumira nyanzvi dzezve geology kutamisa pfungwa dzavo dzekutsvaga kubva kune rimwe divi kuenda kune rimwe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, maIOC mazhinji akabudirira muWest Africa nemuAfrica akatsunga kushandisa pfungwa idzi kuSouth American Equatorial Margin (SAEM). Nekuda kweizvozvo, pakutanga kwa2010, kambani iyi yakanga yawana marezenisi enzvimbo dzakadzika dzegungwa muGuyana, Suriname neFrench Guiana.
Yakawanikwa munaGunyana 2011 nekuchera Zaedyus-1 pakadzika kwemamita 2,000 kumahombekombe eFrench Guiana, Tullow Oil ndiyo yaive kambani yekutanga kuwana mahydrocarbon akakosha muSAEM. Tullow Oil yakazivisa kuti tsime rakawana mafeni ekubhadhara anosvika 72 m mumaturbidites maviri. Matsime matatu ekuongorora achasangana nejecha gobvu asi pasina mahydrocarbon ekutengeserana.
Guyana inobudirira.ExxonMobil/Hess nevamwe.Kuwanikwa kweLiza-1 Well (Liza-1 Well 12) inozivikanwa parizvino kwakaziviswa muna Chivabvu 2015 muStabroek rezinesi iri kumahombekombe eGuyana.Jecha reUpper Cretaceous turbidite ndiro dziva.Chitubu cheSkipjack-1 chakatevera chakacherwa muna 2016 hachina kuwana mahydrocarbon ekutengeserana.Muna 2020, vadyidzani veStabroek vakazivisa kuwanikwa kwezvinhu gumi nezvisere zvine huwandu hwemafuta anotorwa kubva mumafuta anodarika mabhareri masere (ExxonMobil)!Vadyidzani veStabroek Vanotaura Nezvekunetseka NezveKupindura Kwemvura Mumvura Inobereka Hydrocarbon vs Aquifer (Hess Investor, Zuva reInvestor 2018 8).Matombo emvura akadzika eAlbian akawanikwa mune mamwe matsime.
Zvinofadza kuti ExxonMobil nevamwe vayo vakawana oiri mudura remvura ine carbonate reRanger-1 rakaziviswa muna 2018. Pane humbowo hwekuti iyi idura remvura ine carbonate rakavakwa pamusoro pegomo rinoputika pasi pevhu.
Kuwanikwa kweHaimara-18 kwakaziviswa muna Kukadzi 2019 sekuwanikwa kwemvura ine hunyoro mudura remhando yepamusoro remamita makumi matanhatu nematatu. Haimara-1 iri pamuganhu uri pakati peStabroek muGuyana neBlock 58 muSuriname.
Tullow nevamwe vake (Orinduik license) vakawana zvinhu zviviri mukuwana kwaStabroek nzira yekufambisa ngarava:
ExxonMobil neshamwari yayo (Kaieteur Block) vakazivisa musi wa17 Mbudzi, 2020, kuti tsime reTanager-1 rakawanikwa asi raionekwa serisingatengeswi. Tsime iri rakawana mafuta ane 16 m mujecha reMaastrichtian remhando yepamusoro, asi ongororo yemvura yakaratidza mafuta akarema kupfuura muLiza development. Matangi emvura emhando yepamusoro akawanikwa munzvimbo dzakadzika dzeSantonian neTuronian. Data richiri kuongororwa.
Mugungwa reSuriname, matsime matatu ekutsvaga mvura yakadzika akacherwa pakati pa2015 na2017 aive matsime akaoma. Apache yakachera makomba maviri akaoma (Popokai-1 naKolibrie-1) muBlock 53 uye Petronas yakachera gomba rakaoma reRoselle-1 muBlock 52, Mufananidzo 2.
KuOffshore Suriname, Tullow yakazivisa muna Gumiguru 2017 kuti tsime reAraku-1 rakanga risina matombo akakosha ekuchengetedza mvura, asi rakaratidza kuvapo kwegasi rinonyungudika.11 tsime rakacherwa rine mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ekudengenyeka kwenyika. Mhedzisiro kubva mutsime iri inoratidza zvakajeka njodzi/kusava nechokwadi kwakakomberedza mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ekuwedzera mvura uye inoratidza kudiwa kwedata kubva mutsime, kusanganisira data guru, kugadzirisa matambudziko ekugadzirisa kudengenyeka kwenyika.
Kosmos yakaboora makomba maviri akaoma (Anapai-1 neAnapai-1A) muBlock 45 muna 201816, uye Pontoenoe-1 dry buri muBlock 42.
Zviri pachena kuti pakutanga kwegore ra2019, tarisiro yemvura yakadzika yeSuriname haina kujeka. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu aya ava kuda kuvandudzika zvikuru!
Pakutanga kwaNdira 2020, paBlock 58 muSuriname, Apache/Total17 yakazivisa kuwanikwa kweoiri patsime rekutsvaga reMaka-1, iro rakacherwa pakupera kwa2019. Maka-1 ndiyo yekutanga yezviwanikwa zvina zvakatevedzana izvo Apache/Total ichazivisa muna 2020 (vanotengesa mari veApache). tsime rega rega rakasangana nemadziva eCampania neSantonia akaunganidzwa, pamwe chete nematangi emvura ine hydrocarbon condensate akasiyana. Sekureva kwemishumo, mhando yedziva iri yakanaka kwazvo. Total ichava mushandi weBlock 58 muna 2021. tsime rekuongorora riri kucherwa.
Petronas18 yakazivisa kuwanikwa kwemafuta patsime reSloanea-1 musi wa11 Zvita, 2020. Mafuta akawanikwa mujecha reCampania rakati wandei. Bhuroko 52 itsika uye kumabvazuva iyo Apache yakawana muBlock 58.
Sezvo ongororo nekuongorora zvichiri kuenderera mberi muna 2021, pachava nevanhu vakawanda vanotarisirwa kutarisa munzvimbo iyi.
Guyana wells ichaongororwa muna 2021. ExxonMobil nevamwe vake (Canje Block)19 vachangobva kuzivisa musi wa3 Kurume 2021 kuti tsime reBulletwood-1 raive tsime rakaoma, asi mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti system yemafuta inoshanda mubhokisi iri. Matsime ekutevera mubhokisi reCanje akarongerwa kuti aitwe muQ1 2021 (Jabillo-1) neQ2 2021 (Sapote-1).20
ExxonMobil nevamwe vari muStabroek block vanoronga kuchera tsime reKrobia-1 makiromita makumi maviri nematanhatu kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwemunda weLiza. Zvichadaro, tsime reRedtail-1 richacherwa makiromita gumi nemaviri kumabvazuva kwemunda weLiza.
PaCorentyne block (CGX et al), tsime rinogona kucherwa muna 2021 kuyedza Santonian Kawa prospect. Iyi ndiyo tsika yeSantonian amplitudes, ine makore akafanana anowanikwa muStabroek neSuriname Block 58. Nguva yekupedzisira yekuchera tsime yakawedzerwa kusvika Mbudzi 21, 2021.
Matsime eSuriname ekutarisa muna 2021. Tullow Oil yakachera tsime reGVN-1 muBlock 47 musi wa24 Ndira, 2021. Chinangwa chetsime iri ndechekuwana zvinhu zviviri muUpper Cretaceous turbidite. Tullow yakagadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu musi wa18 Kurume, ichiti tsime rakasvika kuTD ndokusangana nedhamu remhando yepamusoro, asi rakaratidza mafuta mashoma. Zvichave zvinonakidza kuona kuti mhedzisiro iyi yakanaka inokanganisa sei matsime eNNE emangwana kubva kuzvakawanikwa zveApache nePetronas kumabhuloki 42, 53, 48 ne59.
Pakutanga kwaKukadzi, Total/Apache yakachera tsime rekuongorora muBlock 58, zvichiita sekunge yakanyura kubva pane zvakawanikwa muBlock. Mushure mezvo, tsime rekutsvaga reBonboni-1 riri kuchamhembe kweBlock 58 rinogona kucherwa gore rino. Zvichave zvinonakidza kuona kana Walker carbonates muBlock 42 mune ramangwana ichange yakafanana neRanger-1 yakawanikwa kuStabroek. Ita bvunzo.
Suriname Licensing Round.Staatsolie yazivisa chirongwa che2020-2021 chemarezinesi masere anotangira kuShoreline kusvika kuApache/Total Block 58. Imba yedata repamhepo inovhurwa musi wa30 Mbudzi, 2020. Zvikumbiro zvichapera musi wa30 Kubvumbi, 2021.
Chirongwa Chekuvandudza cheStarbrook.ExxonMobil naHess vakaburitsa ruzivo rwezvirongwa zvavo zvekuvandudza munda, izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, asi Hess Investor Day 8 Zvita 2018 inzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga. Liza iri kugadzirwa muzvikamu zvitatu, neoiri yekutanga yakaonekwa muna 2020, makore mashanu mushure mekuwanikwa, Mufananidzo 3. MaFPSO ane chekuita nekuvandudzwa kwepasi pegungwa muenzaniso wekuedza kwavo kuderedza mitengo kuti vawane kugadzirwa nekukurumidza - uye kunyange mitengo - panguva iyo mitengo yeBrent crude yakaderera.
ExxonMobil yakazivisa kuti inoronga kutumira zvirongwa zvekuvandudza kukuru kweStabroek panosvika kupera kwa2021.
dambudziko. Gore rimwe chete mushure mekuderera kwemitengo yemafuta, indasitiri iyi yadzoka, nemitengo yeWTI inodarika $65, uye Guyana-Suriname Basin ichiva budiriro inonakidza zvikuru yemakore ekuma2020. Matsime ekuwana zvinhu akanyorwa munzvimbo iyi. Sekureva kwaWestwood, inomiririra anopfuura 75% yemafuta akawanikwa mumakore gumi apfuura uye angangoita 50% yegasi rechisikigo rakawanikwa mumisungo yemhando yepamusoro. Makumi maviri nerimwe
Dambudziko guru harisi renzvimbo yemvura inoyerera, sezvo dombo nemvura zvinoita sezvine mhando inodiwa. Harisi tekinoroji nekuti tekinoroji yemvura yakadzika yave ichigadzirwa kubvira kuma1980. Zvingangotora mukana uyu kubva pakutanga kushandisa nzira dzakanakisisa dzeindasitiri mukugadzira kunze kwenyika. Izvi zvichaita kuti masangano ehurumende nemakambani akazvimirira vagadzire mitemo nemaitiro ekuwana hurongwa husina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza uye kugonesa kukura kwehupfumi nemagariro munyika dzese dziri mbiri.
Zvisinei, indasitiri iyi ichange ichitarisa Guyana-Suriname zvakanyanya kwegore rino nemakore mashanu anotevera. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kune mikana yakawanda yekuti hurumende, vanoisa mari nemakambani eE&P vatore chikamu muzviitiko nemabasa sezvinobvumidzwa neCovid. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
Endeavor Management ikambani inopa mazano ekutungamira iyo inoshanda pamwe chete nevatengi kuti vawane kukosha kwechokwadi kubva muzvirongwa zvavo zvekushandura hurongwa. Endeavor ine maonero maviri ekutungamira bhizinesi nekupa simba, uku ichishanda senzira yekushandura bhizinesi nekushandisa misimboti mikuru yehutungamiriri uye mazano ebhizinesi.
Nhaka yekambani iyi yemakore makumi mashanu yave nemhedzisiro yakakura yenzira dzakasimbiswa dzinogonesa vapi vemazano veEndeavor kupa mazano epamusoro ekushandura, kugona kwekushanda, kusimudzira hutungamiriri, rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi hwekupa mazano, uye rutsigiro rwesarudzo. Vapi vemazano veEndeavour vane ruzivo rwakadzama rwekushanda uye ruzivo rwakakura muindasitiri, zvichibvumira timu yedu kunzwisisa nekukurumidza makambani edu evatengi uye mashandiro emusika.
Zvese zvirimo zvinotevedzwa nemitemo yekodzero dzekushandisa, ndapota verenga Mitemo neMamiriro edu, Mutemo weMakuki uye Mutemo weKuchengetedza Ruzivo usati washandisa saiti ino.