Naphezu kwentengo ephezulu, amathangi esifudumezi samanzi sensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile asebenza kahle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila futhi kufanele abekwe kanjalo.
Ama-heater amanzi asekhaya ayizitho zangempela zomhlaba wemishini. Avame ukuchayeka ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu futhi umsebenzi wawo onzima awunakwa kakhulu. Ngasohlangothini lwamanzi lwesi-heater, amaminerali, umoya-mpilo, amakhemikhali kanye nenhlabathi konke kuyahlaselwa. Uma kukhulunywa ngokusha, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukucindezeleka kokushisa, kanye ne-flue gas condensate konke kungadala umonakalo ezintweni.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokulungiswa, ama-heater amanzi ashisayo asekhaya (DHW) awanakwa. Iningi labanikazi bezindlu lithatha ama-heater amanzi abo kalula futhi liwaqaphela kuphela uma engasebenzi noma evuza. Hlola induku ye-anode? Hlanza indle? Ingabe kukhona uhlelo lokulungisa? Khohlwa, asinankinga. Akumangalisi ukuthi imishini eminingi ye-DHW ihlala isikhathi esifushane.
Ingabe lokhu kuphila isikhathi esifushane kungathuthukiswa? Ukusebenzisa ama-heater e-DHW enziwe ngensimbi engagqwali kungenye yezindlela zokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila. Insimbi engagqwali iyinto eqinile futhi eqinile enikeza ukumelana okungcono ekuhlaselweni kwasogwini lwamanzi kanye nomlilo, okunikeza i-heater ithuba lokuhlinzeka ngempilo yesevisi ende. Okuwukuphela kwenkinga yangempela yensimbi engagqwali yizindleko eziphezulu zezinto zokwakha kanye nokwenziwa. Emakethe yama-heater e-DHW encintisana kakhulu, izindleko ezinjalo eziphakeme ziyinselele enkulu okufanele inqotshwe.
Insimbi engagqwali yigama elijwayelekile lama-alloy ensimbi anokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okungenani okungu-10.5%. Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-titanium kanye ne-carbon nazo zingangezwa ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla kanye nokwakheka. Kunezinhlanganisela eziningi ezahlukene zalezi zinhlobo zensimbi ezahlukene ezikhiqiza "izinhlobo" ezithile kanye "nama-grade" ensimbi engagqwali. Ukusho nje ukuthi into ethile yenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali akutsheli yonke indaba.
Uma othile ethi “nginike amapayipi epulasitiki” ubungalethani? I-PEX, i-CPVC, i-polyethylene? Wonke lawa amapayipi “epulasitiki”, kodwa wonke anezakhiwo, amandla kanye nezicelo ezihlukile kakhulu. Kuyafana nangensimbi engagqwali. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 zensimbi engagqwali, zonke ezinezakhiwo kanye nezicelo ezihlukile kakhulu. Izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezisetshenziswa kuma-heater amanzi asekhaya zivame ukwenziwa ngezinsimbi ezimbalwa ezingagqwali, ngokuvamile izinhlobo ezingu-304, 316L, 316Ti kanye no-444.
Umehluko phakathi kwala mabanga ukugcwala kwe-alloy kuwo. Zonke izinsimbi ezingagqwali zezinga "300" ziqukethe cishe i-18% ye-chromium kanye ne-10% ye-nickel. Amabanga amabili angu-316 nawo aqukethe i-2% ye-molybdenum, kanti ibanga le-316Ti lino-1% we-titanium engeziwe engxubeni. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-304, i-molybdenum inikeza ukumelana okungcono kokugqwala kumazinga angu-316, ikakhulukazi ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala kwe-pitting kanye ne-crevice ezindaweni ze-chloride. I-titanium yezinga le-316Ti iyenza ikwazi ukwakheka kahle futhi ibe namandla. Ibanga le-444 line-chromium kanye ne-molybdenum, kodwa alinayo i-nickel. Ngokuvamile, uma i-nickel, i-molybdenum, kanye ne-titanium eningi engxubeni, ukumelana nokugqwala kungcono, kodwa futhi nezindleko ziphakeme. Uma othile ethi une-heater yamanzi "yensimbi engagqwali", bheka ngokucophelela amazinga njengoba engafani nekhwalithi.
Insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-water heater. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-water heater angaqondile kanye nama-water heater angenawo amathangi aqinile. Ama-water heater angaqondile aqukethe ikhoyili yokudlulisa ukushisa yangaphakathi exhunywe ku-boiler noma i-solar collector loop. Avame kakhulu eYurophu kunaseCanada ngenxa yokubusa kwezinhlelo zokufudumeza amanzi zaseYurophu kanye ne-solar water.
Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi engagqwali kwakha ingxenye enkulu yalezi zimakethe zaseYurophu ezingaqondile. ECanada, amathangi angaqondile ensimbi engagqwali kanye nensimbi efakwe ingilazi ayatholakala, amathangi ensimbi engagqwali avame ukuba nentengo ephezulu. Kuma-heater amanzi angenawo ama-tank condensing, i-heat exchanger ivame ukwenziwa ngethusi. Ngokucindezela amayunithi okushisa asebenza kahle kakhulu, ama-heat exchanger angaba yinsimbi engagqwali noma inhlanganisela yama-heat exchanger ethusi ayinhloko kanye nawesibili. Ama-heater amanzi ethangini asebenza ngqo ahlala eyinkosi yemakethe yama-heater amanzi aseCanada. Insimbi yekhabhoni ene-glass lining ibusa lesi sigaba. Insimbi engagqwali ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-heater amanzi angenawo ama-tank condensing noma asebenza ngqo kuma-heater amanzi angenawo ama-tank condensing.
Ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwala madivayisi, igesi yomoya kumele ipholiswe ngaphansi kwephuzu lamazolo ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa okucashile kukaphethiloli. I-condensate ephumayo empeleni iwumhwamuko wamanzi ophuma emikhiqizweni yokushisa yegesi, ene-pH ephansi kakhulu kanye ne-asidi ephezulu. Le condensate ene-asidi kumele ifakwe epayipini ukuze ilahlwe, kodwa inkinga enkulu umphumela wayo wokugqwala ezindaweni zokushintshana kokushisa kwesifudumezi samanzi.
Ama-heat exchanger enziwe ngensimbi evamile noma ithusi kunzima ukumelana nale flue gas condensate isikhathi eside. Insimbi engagqwali iyisinqumo esihle sezinto ezibonakalayo ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala okuphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka, okuvumela ukuthi yakhe izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-heat exchanger. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-heat heater angenawo amathangi asebenzisa ama-heat exchanger ensimbi engagqwali. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi kukhuthaze ukujiya okuphelele kwegesi ye-flue ku-heat exchanger futhi kuholele ezilinganisweni eziphezulu ze-EF ezifika ku-0.97.
Ama-heater amanzi ethangini anobuchwepheshe bokujiya nawo aseqala ukusetshenziswa kaningi, ikakhulukazi ngezinguquko ezithile zekhodi yokwakha ezidinga ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-heater yamanzi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezakhiwo ezivamile kule makethe. Amathangi afakwe ingilazi akha ama-heat exchanger angaphansi kwamanzi agcwele ngokuphelele. Ingaphandle (uhlangothi lwamanzi) kanye nangaphakathi (uhlangothi lomlilo) lama-heat exchanger coils afakwe ingilazi, kanti ngaphakathi afakwe ingilazi kuvimbela ukujiya kwegesi yomoya. Amamodeli ethangi ane-tank yensimbi engagqwali kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-coil akuvamile, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-heat steel engagqwali ezitholakalayo.
Izindleko zokuqala zethangi elifakwe ingilazi ziphansi impela, futhi isikhathi kuphela esizobonisa ukuthi i-heat exchanger izomelana kangakanani nezimo ezinzima zokufutha. Lawa ma-heater amanzi amasha ethangi le-condensate ayakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kune-water heater yendabuko eqhutshwa ngqo, esebenza kahle ngokushisa kusukela ku-90% kuya ku-96%. Njengoba ohulumeni becindezela imithetho yokusebenza kahle kwama-heater amanzi ikhuphuka kakhulu, siyaqiniseka ukuthi sizobona ama-heater amanzi ethangi asebenza kahle kakhulu angena emakethe.
Bheka ngokucophelela ama-heater amanzi ethangini futhi uzothola ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zama-control fired direct, i-indirect internal coil, kanye nama-straight storage tanks anesakhiwo sengilazi kanye nensimbi engagqwali.
Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinzuzo zensimbi engagqwali kunengilazi efakwe uphahla? Ubaqinisekisa kanjani amakhasimende ukuthi atshale imali eningi emathangini ensimbi engagqwali? Inzuzo enkulu yensimbi engagqwali ukumelana kwayo ngokwemvelo nokugqwala kwamanzi ahlanzekile, okwandisa impilo yesevisi. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwezinsimbi zensimbi ezingagqwali, amathangi ensimbi angagqwali aqinile futhi ahlala isikhathi eside kunamathangi afakwe uphahla. Amathangi ensimbi angagqwali anomgoqo we-oxide ovikelayo ohlangothini lwamanzi ukuvimbela ukugqwala ngokwemvelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathangi afakwe ingilazi athembele ku-glass-closed ukuze ahlinzeke ngesithiyo phakathi kwensimbi yekhabhoni namanzi. Uma kunikezwe ithuba, umoya-mpilo namakhemikhali emanzini kuzohlasela insimbi futhi kuyigqwalise ngokushesha. Njengoba cishe kungenakwenzeka ukufaka noma yikuphi ukugqoka okuvikelayo kahle (akukho mifantu emincane noma amaphutha emigodini engqimbeni yokuvikela), amathangi afakwe ingilazi afaka izinduku ze-anode ezifakwe ngaphakathi ethangini.
Izinduku ze-anode ezihlatshwayo zizoguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi uma inqubo isiphelile, i-electrolysis izoqala ukuguguda izindawo zensimbi eziveziwe ngaphakathi kwethangi. Izinga lokuphela kwe-anode lincike kwikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nenani lamanzi asetshenzisiwe. Ama-anode ahlatshwayo ngokuvamile ahlala iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, futhi ama-anode angashintshwa ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo owengeziwe.
Eqinisweni, ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwama-anode kuvame ukunganakwa, futhi ithangi liyavuza, okwenza ukuthi yonke iyunithi ishintshwe. Ngokungafani namathangi afakwe ingilazi, amathangi ensimbi engagqwali awadingi "ama-anode okuzidela" ukuvimbela ukugqwala ezindaweni zawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuhlola noma ukushintsha i-anode, okusindisa isikhathi sokulungisa kanye nezindleko phakathi nesikhathi sokushisa kwamanzi.
Ngenxa yalokhu kuqina okwandayo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, uzothola ukuthi amathangi ensimbi engagqwali aneziqinisekiso ezinde, kanti abanye abakhiqizi banikeza iziqinisekiso zokuphila konke zamathangi.
Amathangi ensimbi engagqwali nawo anenzuzo yokuba lula uma kuqhathaniswa namathangi afakwe ingilazi, okwenza kube lula ukuwathutha, ukuwaphatha nokuwafaka. Ubukhulu bodonga lwensimbi engagqwali esetshenziswa emathangini buvame ukuba buncane kakhulu kunamathangi ensimbi afanayo anezingqimba zengilazi. Uma kuhlanganiswa nesisindo sengilazi efakwe ngokwayo, amabhodlela afakwe ingilazi avame ukuba nzima kakhulu.
Ngokungafani namabhodlela agcwele ingilazi, amabhodlela ensimbi engagqwali adinga ukunakwa okuncane lapho kuthunyelwa, futhi ulwelwesi lwengilazi lungalimala ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa. Uma ulwelwesi lwengilazi lwethangi lonakele noma luqhekekile ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa noma ukufakwa, ngeke kwaziwe kuze kube yilapho ithangi lihluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Amathangi ensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile akwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu amanzi kunamathangi afakwe ingilazi, futhi amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-180F ngeke alethe izinkinga. Amanye amathangi afakwe ingilazi avame ukuba nokucindezeleka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okuholela engcupheni ephezulu yokulimala okufakwe ingilazi. Amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-160F angaba yinkinga kwamanye ama-liner engilazi. Izicelo ezifana nama-solar water heater kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni zezentengiselwano zingabona izidingo zokugcina amanzi ezishisa kakhulu.
Kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nomkhiqizi wethangi elifakwe ingilazi ukuze uthole izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza elinconywayo. Amathangi ensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile ayisinqumo esingcono sokusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Akungabazeki ukuthi izindleko zokuqala zethangi lensimbi engagqwali ziphakeme kunezethangi elifakwe ingilazi. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezishiwo lapha, izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila kwethangi elifakwe ingilazi zingase zibe phezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa lezi zindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila, amathangi ensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile asebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kufanele aboniswe kumakhasimende.
Robert Waters is President of Solar Water Services Inc., which provides training, education and support services to the hydroelectric power industry.He is a Mechanical Engineering Technology graduate from Humber College with over 30 years experience in circulating water and solar water heating.He can be reached at solwatservices@gmail.com.
Abafundi bathola imifundaze ye-HRAI.https://www.hpacmag.com/human-resources/students-awarded-with-hrai-bursary/1004133729/
I-AD Canada isingatha umcimbi wokuqala wokuxhumana kwabesifazane embonini. https://www.hpacmag.com/human-resources/ad-canada-holds-first-women-in-industry-network-event/1004133708/
Isidingo sezimvume zokwakha izindawo zokuhlala siyaqhubeka nokukhula. https://www.hpacmag.com/construction/demand-for-residential-building-permits-continues-to-grow/1004133714/
I-Action Furnace 收购 Direct Energy Alberta。https://www.hpacmag.com/heat-plumbing-air-conditioning-general/action-furnace-acquires-direct-energy-alberta/1004133702/
I-HRAI ihlonipha amalungu ngemiklomelo yempumelelo ka-2021. https://www.hpacmag.com/heat-plumbing-air-conditioning-general/hrai-recognizes-members-with-2021-achievement-awards/1004133651/