Ngakhale kuti matanki otenthetsera madzi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo poyerekeza ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa moyo wawo ndipo ayenera kufotokozedwa motere.
Ma heater amadzi apakhomo ndi gulu lenileni la anthu oyenda pansi pa makina. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri ndipo ntchito yawo yolimba imanyalanyazidwa kwambiri. Kumbali ya madzi a heater, mchere, mpweya, mankhwala ndi zinyalala zonse zimakhudzidwa. Ponena za kuyaka, kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, ndi mpweya woipa zimatha kuwononga zinthu.
Ponena za kukonza, ma heater a madzi otentha (DHW) apakhomo amanyalanyazidwa. Eni nyumba ambiri satenga ma heater awo amadzi ngati osavuta ndipo amawaona okha akasagwira ntchito kapena akutuluka madzi. Yang'anani ndodo ya anode? Tsukani dothi? Kodi pali dongosolo lokonza? Iwalani, sitikusamala. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zida zambiri za DHW zimakhala ndi moyo waufupi.
Kodi moyo waufupi uwu ungawongoleredwe? Kugwiritsa ntchito ma heater a DHW opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira imodzi yowonjezera moyo wautali. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chinthu cholimba komanso cholimba chomwe chimapereka kukana bwino ku ziwopsezo za m'mphepete mwa madzi ndi moto, zomwe zimapatsa chotenthetsera mwayi wopereka moyo wautali. Vuto lokhalo la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi kukwera mtengo kwa zipangizo ndi kupanga. Mumsika wa heater wa DHW womwe uli ndi mpikisano waukulu, mtengo wokwera woterewu ndi vuto lalikulu loti lithetsedwe.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la zitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo zokhala ndi chromium yosachepera 10.5%. Zinthu zina monga nickel, molybdenum, titaniyamu ndi kaboni zitha kuwonjezeredwanso kuti zipereke kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu komanso kupangika bwino. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo zomwe zimapanga "mitundu" ndi "magiredi" enaake a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kungonena kuti china chake chapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sikunena nkhani yonse.
Ngati wina anganene kuti “ndipatseni mapaipi apulasitiki” mungabweretse chiyani? PEX, CPVC, polyethylene? Mapaipi onsewa ndi “pulasitiki”, koma onse ali ndi makhalidwe, mphamvu ndi ntchito zosiyana. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Pali mitundu yoposa 150 ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, yonse yokhala ndi makhalidwe ndi ntchito zosiyana kwambiri. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zotenthetsera madzi zapakhomo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zochepa, nthawi zambiri mitundu ya 304, 316L, 316Ti ndi 444.
Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iyi ndi kuchuluka kwa alloy mkati mwake. Zitsulo zonse zosapanga dzimbiri za "300″ zili ndi pafupifupi 18% chromium ndi 10% nickel. Mitundu iwiri ya 316 ilinso ndi 2% molybdenum, pomwe mtundu wa 316Ti uli ndi 1% titanium yowonjezeredwa ku chosakaniza. Poyerekeza ndi 304, molybdenum imapereka kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri ku mitundu 316, makamaka kukana kwambiri ku dzimbiri ndi kupangika m'malo okhala ndi chloride. Titanium ya 316Ti imapereka mawonekedwe abwino komanso mphamvu. Gulu 444 lili ndi chromium ndi molybdenum, koma lilibe nickel. Nthawi zambiri, nickel, molybdenum, ndi titanium zambiri mu chosakanizacho, kukana dzimbiri ndi mphamvu zimakhala bwino, komanso mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Munthu akanena kuti ali ndi chotenthetsera madzi cha "chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri", yang'anani mosamala mitunduyo chifukwa siili yofanana.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma heater amadzi. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma heater a DHW osalunjika komanso ma heater amadzi opanda tanki oundana. Ma heater amadzi osalunjika amakhala ndi coil yotumizira kutentha mkati yolumikizidwa ku boiler kapena solar collector loop. Ndi ofala kwambiri ku Europe kuposa ku Canada chifukwa cha kulamulira kwa ma hydro ndi solar water systems aku Europe.
Kumanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumapanga gawo lalikulu la misika iyi ya ku Europe yosalunjika. Ku Canada, matanki osapanga dzimbiri ndi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri amapezeka, matanki osapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtengo wokwera. Mu ma heater amadzi osapanga dzimbiri osapanga dzimbiri, chosinthira kutentha nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi mkuwa. Pofuna kuti mayunitsi otenthetsera kutentha azikhala olimba kwambiri, ma heater onse ndi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena kuphatikiza kwa ma heater oyambira a mkuwa ndi achiwiri osapanga dzimbiri. Ma heater amadzi otenthetsera madzi oyendetsedwa mwachindunji amakhalabe mfumu ya msika wa ma heater amadzi aku Canada. Chitsulo cha kaboni chokhala ndi galasi chimalamulira gawoli. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma heater amadzi osapanga dzimbiri kapena otenthetsera madzi oyendetsedwa mwachindunji.
Kuti zipangizozi zigwire bwino ntchito, mpweya wotuluka uyenera kuziziritsidwa pansi pa mame kuti utulutse kutentha kobisika kwa mafuta. Mpweya wotuluka umakhala ndi nthunzi yamadzi yosungunuka kuchokera ku zinthu zoyaka za gasi, zomwe zimakhala ndi pH yotsika kwambiri komanso asidi wambiri. Mpweya wotuluka uyenera kuyikidwa mu ngalande kuti utayidwe, koma vuto lalikulu ndi momwe umawonongera malo osinthira kutentha kwa chotenthetsera madzi.
Zosinthira kutentha zopangidwa ndi chitsulo wamba kapena mkuwa zimakhala zovuta kupirira mpweya wozizirawu kwa nthawi yayitali. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chisankho chabwino chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri komanso kusinthasintha kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipange mawonekedwe ovuta a zosinthira kutentha. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zotenthetsera madzi zopanda thanki zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zosinthira kutentha zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Izi zimawathandiza kulimbikitsa mpweya wozizira womwe uli mu chosinthira kutentha ndipo zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma EF apamwamba okwana 0.97.
Ma heater amadzi a m'matangi okhala ndi ukadaulo wopopera madzi tsopano akuyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, makamaka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malamulo omangira komwe kumafuna mphamvu yapamwamba ya ma heater amadzi. Pali mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ya nyumba pamsika uno. Matanki okhala ndi galasi akumanga ma heater ena opopera madzi omwe ali pansi pa madzi. Kunja (mbali ya madzi) ndi mkati (mbali ya moto) kwa ma coil opopera kutentha ali ndi galasi, ndipo mkati mwake muli galasi kumaletsa kupopera kwa mpweya wotuluka. Mitundu ya matanki okhala ndi thanki yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi kapangidwe ka ma coil si yofala, koma pali mitundu ingapo ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chilipo.
Mtengo woyamba wa thanki yokhala ndi galasi ndi wotsika kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yokha ndi yomwe idzadziwitse momwe chosinthira kutentha chingakhalire cholimba m'malo ovuta okhala ndi kuzizira. Ma heater atsopano amadzi a m'matangi a condensate amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri kuposa ma heater amadzi achikhalidwe omwe amawotchedwa mwachindunji, ndipo mphamvu ya kutentha imayambira pa 90% mpaka 96%. Pamene maboma akukweza malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito bwino ma heater amadzi, tikutsimikiza kuti tiwona ma heater amadzi a m'matangi akuyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Yang'anani bwino ma heater amadzi a m'thanki ndipo mupeza kuti mitundu yambiri ya ma tangi oyendetsedwa mwachindunji, osalunjika mkati, ndi okhazikika ali ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi galasi.
Ndiye, kodi ubwino wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuposa magalasi ndi wotani? Kodi mumakopa bwanji makasitomala kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri m'matanki achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri? Ubwino waukulu wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi kukana kwake kwachilengedwe ku dzimbiri la madzi oyera, zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, matanki achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi olimba komanso olimba kuposa matanki okhala ndi magalasi. Matanki achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ali ndi chotchinga cha oxide choteteza mbali ya madzi kuti apewe dzimbiri mwachilengedwe.
Koma matanki okhala ndi galasi, amadalira magalasi okhala ndi galasi kuti apereke chotchinga pakati pa chitsulo cha kaboni ndi madzi. Ngati mwayi ulipo, mpweya ndi mankhwala omwe ali m'madzi adzaukira chitsulocho ndikuchiwononga mwachangu. Popeza n'zosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chophimba chilichonse choteteza (popanda ming'alu yaying'ono kapena zolakwika m'mabowo oteteza), matanki okhala ndi magalasi okhala ndi ndodo za anode zomwe zimayikidwa mkati mwa thankiyo.
Ndodo za anode zoperekedwa nsembe zidzatha pakapita nthawi, ndipo pamene ntchitoyi itatha, electrolysis idzayamba kuwononga madera achitsulo omwe ali mkati mwa thanki. Kuchuluka kwa anode kumadalira mtundu wa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Anode zoperekedwa nsembe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu, ndipo anode zimatha kusinthidwa kuti zisawonongeke.
Ndipotu, kuyang'ana ndi kusintha ma anode nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyazidwa, ndipo thankiyo imatuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipangizo chonsecho chisinthidwe. Mosiyana ndi matanki okhala ndi galasi, matanki achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri safuna "ma anode operekedwa nsembe" kuti apewe dzimbiri pamwamba pake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chowunikira kapena kusintha anode, zomwe zimapulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama zosamalira pa moyo wonse wa chotenthetsera madzi.
Chifukwa cha kulimba kumeneku komanso kukana dzimbiri, nthawi zambiri mumapeza kuti matanki achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ali ndi chitsimikizo cha nthawi yayitali, ndipo opanga ena amapereka chitsimikizo cha moyo wonse cha matanki.
Matanki achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri alinso ndi ubwino wopepuka poyerekeza ndi matanki okhala ndi galasi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kunyamula, kugwira ndi kuyika. Kukhuthala kwa khoma la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matanki nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopyapyala kwambiri kuposa matanki ofanana achitsulo okhala ndi magalasi. Kuphatikiza ndi kulemera kwa galasi lokha, mitsuko yokhala ndi magalasi nthawi zambiri imakhala yolemera kwambiri.
Mosiyana ndi mitsuko yokhala ndi magalasi, mitsuko yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imafuna chisamaliro chochepa potumiza, ndipo mkati mwa galasi mutha kuwonongeka panthawi yotumiza. Ngati mkati mwa galasi la thanki mwawonongeka kapena kusweka chifukwa cha kusamalidwa molakwika panthawi yotumiza kapena kuyika, sizidziwika mpaka thankiyo italephera kugwira ntchito msanga.
Matanki osapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amatha kupirira kutentha kwa madzi kokwera kuposa matanki okhala ndi magalasi, ndipo kutentha kopitilira 180F sikubweretsa mavuto aliwonse. Matanki ena okhala ndi magalasi amakhala ndi nkhawa kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa magalasi. Kutentha kopitilira 160F kungakhale vuto kwa magalasi ena. Kugwiritsa ntchito monga zotenthetsera madzi za dzuwa ndi mafakitale ena amalonda kumatha kuwona zofunikira zosungira madzi kutentha kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kufunsa wopanga thanki wokhala ndi galasi kuti mudziwe kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumalimbikitsidwa. Matanki achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.
Palibe kukayika kuti mtengo woyamba wa thanki yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi wokwera kuposa wa thanki yokhala ndi galasi. Koma pazifukwa zomwe zatchulidwa pano, mtengo wa moyo wa thanki yokhala ndi galasi ukhoza kukhala wokwera. Poyerekeza mtengo wa moyo wa thanki iyi, matanki achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo kwambiri pakapita nthawi ndipo ayenera kuonetsedwa kwa makasitomala.
Robert Waters is President of Solar Water Services Inc., which provides training, education and support services to the hydroelectric power industry.He is a Mechanical Engineering Technology graduate from Humber College with over 30 years experience in circulating water and solar water heating.He can be reached at solwatservices@gmail.com.
Ophunzira amalandira mabursary a HRAI. https://www.hpacmag.com/human-resources/students-awarded-with-hrai-bursary/1004133729/
AD Canada yachititsa mwambo woyamba wolumikizana ndi akazi m'makampani. https://www.hpacmag.com/human-resources/ad-canada-holds-first-women-in-industry-network-event/1004133708/
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Action Furnace 收购 Direct Energy Alberta。https://www.hpacmag.com/heat-plumbing-air-conditioning-general/action-furnace-acquires-direct-energy-alberta/1004133702/
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