Nubwo igiciro kiri hejuru, ibigega by'amazi bishyushya amazi bya steel stainless muri rusange birahendutse cyane iyo ugereranije ikiguzi cy'ubuzima kandi bigomba kugaragazwa gutyo.
Amashyushya amazi yo mu rugo ni yo mashini nyayo ikoreshwa mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Akenshi akunze kuba ahantu habi cyane kandi akazi kayo gakomeye ntiketabwaho. Ku ruhande rw'amazi y'amashyushya, imyunyungugu, ogisijeni, imiti n'ibimera byose bibasirwa. Iyo bigeze ku gutwika, ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe n'umwuka ushyushye bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho.
Ku bijyanye no kubungabunga, ibyuma bishyushya amazi ashyushye byo mu ngo (DHW) byirengagizwa. Ba nyir'amazu benshi bafata ibyuma bishyushya amazi nk'ibisanzwe kandi babibona gusa iyo bidakora cyangwa biva. Reba inkoni ya anode? Sukuramo imyanda? Ese hari gahunda yo kubungabunga? Wibagirwe, ntabwo bitwaye. Ntibitangaje ko ibikoresho byinshi bya DHW bimara igihe gito.
Ese ubu buzima bugufi bwo kubaho bushobora kunozwa? Gukoresha amashanyarazi ya DHW akozwe mu byuma bitarangwamo ifu ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kongera igihe cyo kubaho. Icyuma kitarangwamo ifu ni ibikoresho bikomeye kandi biramba bitanga ubudahangarwa bwiza ku bitero byo ku nkengero z'amazi n'inkongi, biha amashanyarazi amahirwe yo gukomeza gukoreshwa igihe kirekire. Ingorane nyayo y'ibyuma bitarangwamo ifu ni ikiguzi kinini cy'ibikoresho n'ibikorwa. Mu isoko ry'amashanyarazi ya DHW rihanganye cyane, igiciro nk'icyo kiri hejuru ni ikibazo gikomeye cyo kugikemura.
Ibyuma bitanduye ni izina rusange ry’ibyuma bikozwe muri ferrous bifite chromium nibura 10.5%. Ibindi bintu nka nickel, molybdenum, titanium na karuboni nabyo bishobora kongerwamo kugira ngo bitange ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, gukomera no gukora neza. Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bw’ibi byuma bitanduye bitanga "ubwoko" bwihariye n' "ubwoko" bwihariye bw'ibyuma bitanduye. Kuvuga gusa ko ikintu gikozwe mu byuma bitanduye ntabwo bitanga inkuru yose.
Iyo umuntu avuze ati “mpa imiyoboro ya pulasitiki” wazana iki? PEX, CPVC, polyethylene? Iyi miyoboro yose ni “pulasitiki”, ariko yose ifite imiterere, imbaraga n’imikorere bitandukanye cyane. Ni kimwe no ku byuma bitanduye. Hariho ibyuma birenga 150 by’ibyuma bitanduye, byose bifite imiterere itandukanye cyane n’imikorere. Ibyuma bitanduye bikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya amazi byo mu rugo akenshi bikozwe mu byuma bike bitanduye, akenshi amoko ya 304, 316L, 316Ti na 444.
Itandukaniro riri hagati y’izi ntera ni ingano y’icyuma gikozwe muri zo. Ibyuma byose bya "300″ bifite chromium ingana na 18% na nikeli ingana na 10%. Ibyuma bibiri bya 316 bifite na molybdenum ingana na 2%, mu gihe 316Ti ifite 1% ya titaniyumu yongewemo mu mvange. Ugereranyije na 304, molybdenum itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese ku byiciro 316, cyane cyane ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese n’imiturire mu bidukikije bya chloride. Titaniyumu ingana na 316Ti itanga ubushobozi bwo gukora neza no gukomera. Ibyuma bya 444 bifite chromium na molybdenum, ariko nta nikeli bifite. Muri rusange, uko nikeli, molybdenum, na titaniyumu byinshi mu mvange, niko imbaraga zo kurwanya ingese zirushaho kuba nziza, ariko kandi igiciro ni cyo kiri hejuru. Iyo umuntu avuze ko afite icyuma gishyushya amazi "gidafite ingese", reba neza ibyuma kuko bidahuje ubuziranenge.
Ibyuma bitaziguye bikoreshwa mu bwoko butandukanye bw'ibishyushya amazi. Bikunze gukoreshwa mu bishyushya amazi bitaziguye bya DHW n'ibishyushya amazi bidakoresha tanki. Ibishyushya amazi bitaziguye biba bifite koyili yo kohereza ubushyuhe imbere ihujwe na boiler cyangwa umuyoboro w'izuba. Bikunze kugaragara cyane mu Burayi kurusha muri Kanada bitewe n'ubwiganze bw'ibishyushya amazi n'izuba byo mu Burayi.
Kubaka ibyuma bitagira umushongi bigize igice kinini cy’amasoko y’i Burayi ataziguye. Muri Kanada, hari ibigega by’ibyuma bitagira umushongi n’ibirahure bikozwe mu byuma bitaziguye, ibigega by’ibyuma bitagira umushongi akenshi biba bifite igiciro kiri hejuru. Mu byuma bishyushya amazi bidakoresha amazi, ubushyuhe busanzwe bukorwa mu muringa. Hamwe n’imbaraga zo kongera ubushobozi bwo gushyushya, ibigega byose biba ari ibyuma bitagira umushongi cyangwa uruvange rw’ibigega by’ubushyuhe by’umuringa n’ibindi. Ibigega by’amazi bikoresha amazi bitaziguye biguma ari umwami w’isoko ry’ibigega by’amazi bya Kanada. Icyuma cya karuboni gifite ikirahure ni cyo cyiganje muri iki gice. Icyuma kitagira umushongi gikunze gukoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya amazi bidakoresha amazi cyangwa bikoresha amazi ataziguye.
Kugira ngo ibyo bikoresho byongere imikorere myiza, imyuka ifunze igomba gukonjeshwa munsi y’ikigero cy’ubushyuhe kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwihishe bw’ibicanwa buvemo. Ifunze ivamo ni umwuka w’amazi uva mu bicuruzwa bitwikwa n’imyuka, ufite pH nkeya cyane na aside nyinshi. Iyi funze ifunze igomba gushyirwa mu muyoboro w’amazi kugira ngo ijugunywemo, ariko ikibazo gikomeye ni ingaruka zayo ku buso bw’ubushyuhe bw’ibishyushya amazi.
Imashini zihindura ubushyuhe zikozwe mu cyuma gisanzwe cyangwa umuringa biragoye kwihanganira iyi gaze ihindagurika igihe kirekire. Imashini ihindura ubushyuhe ni amahitamo meza y'ibikoresho kubera ko irwanya ingese kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo koroha, bigatuma ikora imiterere igoye yo guhindura ubushyuhe. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'imashini zishyushya amazi zikoresha imashini zihindura ubushyuhe zikoresha imashini zihindura ubushyuhe zikoresha imashini zihindura ubushyuhe zikoresha imashini zihindura ubushyuhe zikoresha imashini. Ibi bituma imashini ihindura ubushyuhe igabanuka burundu, bigatuma imashini ihindura ubushyuhe igera kuri 0.97.
Imashini zishyushya amazi zo mu bigega zifite ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha nazo ubu zitangiye gukoreshwa kenshi, cyane cyane ko hari impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu mishinga y’ubwubatsi zisaba imikorere myiza y’imashini zishyushya amazi. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’inyubako busanzwe muri iri soko. Imashini zishyushya amazi zo mu bigega birimo kubaka ibikoresho bishyushya amazi byo mu bigega by’inyongera bizibye mu mazi. Inyuma (uruhande rw’amazi) n’imbere (uruhande rw’umuriro) by’imigozi ishyushya amazi byo mu bigega by’inyongera bizibye mu kirahuri, naho imbere huzuyemo ikirahuri bibuza umwuka wa gazi. Imashini zishyushya amazi zo mu bigega by’inyongera zikozwe mu cyuma gishyushya amazi n’imigozi ntabwo zikunze gukoreshwa, ariko hari ibyuma byinshi nk’ibyo bikozwe mu byuma bishyushya amazi.
Igiciro cya mbere cy'ikigega gikozwe mu kirahure kiri hasi cyane, kandi igihe ni cyo kizagaragaza uburyo ikigega gishyushya ubushyuhe kizahangana mu bihe bikomeye byo gushyushya. Izi mashini nshya zishyushya amazi zikoresha amazi zirashobora kugira imikorere myiza kurusha izikoresha amazi zisanzwe zikoresha amazi mu buryo butaziguye, aho imikorere myiza y'ubushyuhe iri hagati ya 90% na 96%. Mu gihe za leta zishyira imbere amabwiriza yo gukoresha amazi mu buryo bwiza, nta gushidikanya ko tuzabona izindi mashini zishyushya amazi zikoresha amazi mu buryo bwiza zinjira ku isoko.
Reba neza amatanki ashyushya amazi yo mu kigega, uzasanga ubwoko bwinshi bw'amatanki akoresha umuriro utaziguye, akoresha indirect internal coil, n'akoresha straight storage tanks afite imiterere y'ibirahure n'icyuma kitagira umugese.
None se, ni izihe nyungu z'icyuma kidashonga kuruta ibirahure bipfundikiye? Wakwemeza ute abakiriya gushora imari nyinshi mu bigega by'icyuma kidashonga? Inyungu ikomeye y'icyuma kidashonga ni uko kidashonga karemano n'ingese z'amazi meza, ibyo bigatuma ubuzima bwacyo burushaho kuba bwiza. Bitewe n'uko bikoze mu byuma bidashonga, ibigega by'icyuma kidashonga birakomeye kandi biraramba kurusha ibigega bipfundikiye. Ibigega by'icyuma kidashonga bifite uruzitiro rurinda oxide ku ruhande rw'amazi kugira ngo birinde ingese karemano.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibigega byuzuyemo ikirahure byishingikiriza ku bigega byuzuyemo ikirahure kugira ngo bibe uruzitiro hagati y’icyuma cya karuboni n’amazi. Bitewe n’amahirwe, ogisijeni n’imiti biri mu mazi bizatera icyuma kandi bikagitwika vuba. Kubera ko bidashoboka gushyiramo neza irangi ririnda (nta cyuho cyangwa inenge z’uturemangingo mu gice cy’uburinzi), ibigega byuzuyemo ikirahure birimo inkoni za anode zishyirwa mu kigega.
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Mu by’ukuri, igenzura rihoraho n’isimbuza ry’ama-anode akenshi byirengagizwa, kandi ikigega gisohoka, bigatuma igice cyose gisimburwa. Bitandukanye n’ama-tangi afite ibirahure, ama-tangi y’icyuma kitagira umugese ntasaba "ama-anode y’igitambo" kugira ngo hirindwe ingese ku buso bwabyo. Ibi bivuze ko nta mpamvu yo kugenzura cyangwa gusimbuza ayo ma-anode, bigatuma amazi agabanuka igihe n’ikiguzi cyo kuyatunganya mu gihe cyose cy’ubushyuhe bw’amazi.
Kubera uku gukomera no kudatwarwa n’ingufu, akenshi uzasanga ibigega by’icyuma kidashonga bifite garanti ndende, ndetse bamwe mu bakora ibigega batanga garanti y’ubuzima bwose.
Ibigega by'icyuma gifunganye bifite akarusho koroshye ugereranije n'ibigega byuzuyemo ibirahure, bigatuma byoroha kubitwara, kubifata no kubishyiraho. Ubunini bw'urukuta rw'icyuma gifunganye gikoreshwa mu bigega akenshi buba buto cyane ugereranyije n'ibigega by'icyuma bisa bifite imitako y'ibirahure. Iyo bihujwe n'uburemere bw'ibirahure ubwabyo, amacupa y'ibirahure apfutsemo ibirahure akenshi aba aremereye cyane.
Bitandukanye n'amacupa y'ibirahure, amacupa y'icyuma kidapfa gukenera kwitabwaho cyane mu gihe cyo kohereza, kandi igitambaro cy'ibirahure gishobora kwangirika mu gihe cyo kohereza. Niba igitambaro cy'ibirahure cy'ikigega cyangiritse cyangwa cyacitse bitewe no gufatwa nabi mu gihe cyo kohereza cyangwa gushyiraho, ntibizamenyekana kugeza igihe ikigega cyangiritse imburagihe.
Ibigega by'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese muri rusange bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amazi kurusha ibigega byuzuyemo ibirahuri, kandi ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 180F nta kibazo bizatera. Bimwe mu bigega by'ibirahuri bikunze kugira stress iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije, bigatera ibyago byinshi byo kwangirika kw'ibirahuri. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 160F bushobora kuba ikibazo kuri bimwe mu bigega by'ibirahuri. Gukoresha nk'ibishyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ndetse n'ibindi bikoresho by'inganda z'ubucuruzi bishobora gutuma amazi abikwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
Ni byiza kugisha inama uruganda rukora ikigega cy’ibirahuri kugira ngo umenye ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukoresha. Ibigega by’icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bitagira umutako akenshi ni amahitamo meza yo gukoresha mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
Nta gushidikanya ko ikiguzi cya mbere cy'ikigega cy'icyuma kitagira umugese kiri hejuru y'icya kiri mu kirahure. Ariko kubera impamvu zavuzwe hano, ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bw'ikigega cy'icyuma kitagira umugese gishobora kwiyongera. Iyo ugereranije ibi biciro by'ubuzima, ibigega by'icyuma kitagira umugese muri rusange birahendutse mu gihe kirekire kandi bigomba kugaragazwa n'abakiriya.
Robert Waters is President of Solar Water Services Inc., which provides training, education and support services to the hydroelectric power industry.He is a Mechanical Engineering Technology graduate from Humber College with over 30 years experience in circulating water and solar water heating.He can be reached at solwatservices@gmail.com.
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