Nangona ixabiso liphezulu, iitanki zesifudumezi samanzi sentsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokubanzi zixabisa kancinci xa kuthelekiswa iindleko zomjikelo wobomi kwaye kufuneka ziboniswe ngolo hlobo.
Izifudumezi zamanzi zasekhaya zezona zinto ziphambili kwihlabathi lezemishini. Zihlala zichatshazelwa ziindawo ezinzima kakhulu kwaye umsebenzi wazo onzima awukhathalelwa. Kwicala lamanzi lesifudumezi, iiminerali, ioksijini, iikhemikhali kunye nenkunkuma zonke ziyahlaselwa. Xa kufikwa ekutshisweni, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, uxinzelelo lobushushu, kunye negesi yolwelo zonke zingonakalisa izinto.
Xa kufikwa kulondolozo, izifudumezi zamanzi ashushu zasekhaya (DHW) azikhathalelwanga. Uninzi lwabanini bezindlu luzithatha lula izifudumezi zabo zamanzi kwaye luzibona kuphela xa zingasebenzi okanye zivuza. Jonga intonga ye-anode? Hlamba inkunkuma? Ngaba kukho isicwangciso solondolozo? Libala, asinangxaki. Akumangalisi ukuba uninzi lwezixhobo ze-DHW zihlala ixesha elifutshane.
Ngaba obu bude bexesha bufutshane bunokuphuculwa? Ukusebenzisa izifudumezi ze-DHW ezenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo yenye yeendlela zokwandisa ixesha lokuphila. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo yinto eqinileyo nehlala ixesha elide enika ukumelana okungcono nokuhlaselwa ngasemanzini nasecaleni komlilo, nto leyo enika isifudumezi ithuba lokubonelela ngobomi obude benkonzo. Eyona nto imbi kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo ziindleko eziphezulu zezinto kunye nokwenziwa kwazo. Kwimarike yesifudumezi se-DHW enokhuphiswano olukhulu, iindleko ezinjalo zinzima kakhulu.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo ligama eliqhelekileyo lee-alloys ze-ferrous ezinomxholo we-chromium ubuncinane i-10.5%. Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-titanium kunye ne-carbon nazo zingongezwa ukuze zinike ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla kunye nokukwazi ukwakheka. Kukho indibaniselwano eyahlukeneyo yezi alloys zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo ezivelisa "iintlobo" ezithile kunye "neendidi" zentsimbi engatyiwayo. Ukuthi nje into yenziwe ngentsimbi engatyiwayo akuxeli yonke into.
Ukuba umntu uthe “ndinike imibhobho yeplastiki” ubuya kuzisa ntoni? I-PEX, i-CPVC, i-polyethylene? Zonke ezi yimibhobho “yeplastiki”, kodwa zonke zineempawu ezahlukeneyo, amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa. Kuyafana nakwintsimbi engagqwaliyo. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-150 zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, zonke zineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa. Iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ezisetyenziswa kwizifudumezi zamanzi zasekhaya zihlala zenziwe ngeentsimbi ezimbalwa ezingagqwaliyo, zihlala ziluhlobo lwe-304, 316L, 316Ti kunye ne-444.
Umahluko phakathi kwezi zigaba kukuxinana kwe-alloy kuzo. Zonke iintsimbi ezingenasici ze-"300″ grade stainless steels" ziqulathe malunga ne-18% ye-chromium kunye ne-10% ye-nickel. Ezi zigaba zimbini ze-316 nazo ziqulathe i-2% ye-molybdenum, ngelixa i-316Ti grade ine-1% ye-titanium eyongeziweyo kumxube. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-304, i-molybdenum inika ukumelana okungcono kokugqwala kwiindidi ze-316, ngakumbi ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala kunye nokuqhekeka kwindawo ze-chloride. I-titanium ye-316Ti grade inika ukwakheka okuhle kunye namandla. I-Grade 444 ine-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum, kodwa ayinayo i-nickel. Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-nickel, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-titanium ininzi kumxube, kokukhona ukumelana nokugqwala kunye namandla, kodwa nexabiso liphezulu. Xa umntu esithi une-heater yamanzi ye-"stainless steel", jonga ngononophelo kwiindidi kuba azifani kumgangatho ofanayo.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo isetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifudumezi zamanzi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizifudumezi zamanzi ezingathanga ngqo kunye nezifudumezi zamanzi ezingenatanki ezicolisa amanzi. Izifudumezi zamanzi ezingathanga ngqo ziqulathe ikhoyili yokudlulisa ubushushu yangaphakathi eqhagamshelwe kwibhoyila okanye kwiluphu yokuqokelela amandla elanga. Zixhaphake kakhulu eYurophu kunaseKhanada ngenxa yokuba zininzi iinkqubo zokufudumeza amanzi zaseYurophu kunye nelanga.
Ukwakhiwa kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo yinxalenye enkulu yezi marike zaseYurophu ezingathanga ngqo. EKhanada, iitanki ezingathanga ngqo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo nezenziwe ngeglasi ziyafumaneka, iitanki zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zihlala zinexabiso eliphezulu. Kwizifudumezi zamanzi ezingenamanzi ezingenamanzi, isixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu sidla ngokwenziwa ngobhedu. Ngokufuna iiyunithi zokutshintsha ubushushu ezisebenza kakuhle, zonke ziyintsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye indibaniselwano yezitshintshi zobushushu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo eziphambili kunye nezesibini. Izifudumezi zamanzi zetanki ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuthe ngqo zihlala zingukumkani kwimarike yezifudumezi zamanzi zaseKhanada. Intsimbi yekhabhoni eneglasi ilawula eli candelo. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo isetyenziswa rhoqo kwizifudumezi zamanzi ezingenamanzi okanye ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuthe ngqo.
Ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezi zixhobo, igesi yolwelo kufuneka ipholiswe ngaphantsi kombethe ukuze ikhuphe ubushushu obufihlakeleyo bepetroli. I-condensate ephumayo ngokuyintloko ngumphunga wamanzi ocoliweyo ovela kwiimveliso zokutshisa zegesi, one-pH ephantsi kakhulu kunye ne-asidi ephezulu. Le condensate ene-asidi kufuneka ifakwe kwipayipi ukuze ilahlwe, kodwa ingxaki enkulu yimpembelelo yayo yokubola kwiindawo zokutshintsha ubushushu be-heater yamanzi.
Izitshintshi zobushushu ezenziwe ngentsimbi eqhelekileyo okanye ubhedu kunzima ukumelana nale flue gas condensate ixesha elide. Intsimbi engatyiwayo lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezinto eziphathekayo ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka, okuvumela ukuba yenze iimilo ezintsonkothileyo zesitshintshi sobushushu. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezifudumezi zamanzi ezingenatanki ezisebenzisa izitshintshi zobushushu zentsimbi engatyiwayo. Oku kuvumela ukuba zikhuthaze ukujiya ngokupheleleyo kwegesi yeflue kwisitshintshi sobushushu kwaye kukhokelela kumanqaku aphezulu e-EF ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.97.
Izifudumezi zamanzi eetankini ezineteknoloji yokukhupha umoya nazo ngoku ziqala ukusetyenziswa rhoqo, ingakumbi ngotshintsho oluthile lwekhowudi yokwakha olufuna ukusebenza kakuhle kwesifudumezi samanzi. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo kule marike. Iitanki ezineglasi zakha izitshintshisi zobushushu zesibini eziphantsi kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo. Ingaphandle (icala lamanzi) kunye nangaphakathi (icala lomlilo) zeekhoyili zokutshintsha umoya zifakwe kwiglasi, kwaye ngaphakathi ezineglasi zithintela ukufuma kwegesi yolwelo. Iimodeli zetanki ezinetanki yentsimbi engenasici kunye nokwakhiwa kweekhoyili azixhaphakanga, kodwa kukho izakhiwo ezininzi ezinjalo zentsimbi engenasici ezikhoyo.
Ixabiso lokuqala letanki elineglasi liphantsi ngokwenene, kwaye lixesha kuphela eliya kubonisa ukuba i-heat exchanger iya kuba namandla kangakanani na kwiimeko ezinzima zokufuma. Ezi heater zamanzi ezintsha zetanki ezifumileyo ziyakwazi ukufikelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle okuphezulu kunezifudumezi zamanzi ezisetyenziswa ngqo, ezinokusebenza kakuhle kobushushu ukusuka kwi-90% ukuya kwi-96%. Njengoko oorhulumente benyusa imithetho yokusebenza kakuhle kwezifudumezi zamanzi, siqinisekile ukuba siza kubona izifudumezi zamanzi zetanki eziphucukileyo zingena kwimarike.
Jonga ngokusondeleyo izifudumezi zamanzi etankini kwaye uya kufumanisa ukuba uninzi lweentlobo zeetanki zokugcina amanzi ezitshayelwa ngqo, ezitshayelwa ngaphakathi ngokungathanga ngqo, kunye neetanki zokugcina ezithe tye zinesakhiwo seglasi kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo.
Ngoko ke, zithini iingenelo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kuneglasi efakwe imiphetho? Ubaqinisekisa njani abathengi ukuba batyale imali engaphezulu kwiitanki zentsimbi engagqwaliyo? Eyona nzuzo inkulu yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kukuxhathisa kwayo ngokwendalo ukugqwala kwamanzi acocekileyo, okwandisa ubomi benkonzo. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwiingxube zesinyithi ezingagqwaliyo, iitanki zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ziqinile kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kuneetanki zeglasi. Iitanki zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zinomqobo we-oxide okhuselayo kwicala lamanzi ukuthintela ukugqwala ngokwendalo.
Kwelinye icala, iitanki ezineglasi zixhomekeke kwiglasi ukuze zinike umqobo phakathi kwentsimbi yekhabhoni namanzi. Xa kusenzeka loo nto, ioksijini kunye neekhemikhali emanzini ziya kuhlasela intsimbi kwaye ziyidle ngokukhawuleza. Ekubeni kungenakwenzeka ukufaka naluphi na uphahla olukhuselayo ngokugqibeleleyo (akukho mifantu mincinci okanye iziphene zemingxuma kumaleko okhuselayo), iitanki ezineglasi ziquka iintonga ze-anode ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwitanki.
Iintonga ze-anode ezitshiswayo ziya kuguga ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye xa inkqubo igqityiwe, i-electrolysis iya kuqala ukutshabalalisa iindawo zentsimbi ezibonakalayo ngaphakathi kwitanki. Isantya apho i-anode iphela khona sixhomekeke kumgangatho wamanzi kunye nobungakanani bamanzi asetyenzisiweyo. Ii-anode ezitshiswayo zihlala iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu, kwaye ii-anode zinokutshintshwa ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi.
Enyanisweni, uhlolo oluqhelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwee-anode zihlala zinganakwa, kwaye itanki iyavuza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iyunithi yonke itshintshwe. Ngokungafaniyo neetanki ezifakwe kwiglasi, iitanki zentsimbi engagqwaliyo azifuni "ii-anode zokwenza idini" ukuthintela ukugqwala kwiindawo zazo. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuhlola okanye ukutshintsha i-anode, nto leyo esindisa ixesha kunye neendleko zokugcinwa kwayo ubomi bonke besifudumezi samanzi.
Ngenxa yokuqina okunyukileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, uya kuhlala ufumana iitanki zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zinewaranti ezinde, abanye abavelisi benikezela ngewaranti yobomi bonke kwiitanki.
Iitanki zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zikwanenzuzo yokuba zikhaphukhaphu xa zithelekiswa neetanki ezineglasi, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzithutha, ukuziphatha nokuzifaka. Ubukhulu bodonga lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo esetyenziswa kwiitanki budla ngokuba buncinci kakhulu kuneetanki zentsimbi ezifanayo ezineengqayi zeglasi. Xa zidityaniswe nobunzima beglasi efakwe kuyo, iijagi ezineengqayi zeglasi zihlala zinzima kakhulu.
Ngokungafaniyo neengqayi ezineglasi, iingqayi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo azifuni ngqwalasela ingako xa zithunyelwa, kwaye ingqayi yeglasi inokonakala ngexesha lokuthunyelwa. Ukuba ingqayi yeglasi yetanki yonakele okanye iqhekekile ngenxa yokuphathwa gadalala ngexesha lokuthunyelwa okanye ukufakwa, ayizukukwaziwa de itanki yonakale ngaphambi kwexesha.
Amatanki entsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokubanzi ayakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu amanzi kuneetanki ezineglasi, kwaye amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-180F awayi kubangela ngxaki. Amanye amatanki aneglasi anokuba noxinzelelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo ebangela umngcipheko ophezulu wokonakala kwetanki eneglasi. Amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-160F angaba yingxaki kwezinye iilayini zeglasi. Izicelo ezifana nezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga kunye nezinye izicelo zorhwebo zinokubona iimfuno zokugcina amanzi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Kucetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nomenzi wetanki eneglasi ukuze ufumane ubushushu obuphezulu obucetyiswayo bokusebenza. Iitanki zentsimbi engatyiwayo zihlala zilukhetho olungcono xa kusetyenziswa ubushushu obuphezulu.
Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ixabiso lokuqala letanki yentsimbi engagqwaliyo liphezulu kuneletanki eneglasi. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezikhankanyiweyo apha, ixabiso lomjikelo wobomi wetanki eneglasi linokuba phezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ezi ndleko zomjikelo wobomi, iitanki zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zihlala zibiza kancinci ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye kufuneka ziboniswe kubathengi.
Robert Waters is President of Solar Water Services Inc., which provides training, education and support services to the hydroelectric power industry.He is a Mechanical Engineering Technology graduate from Humber College with over 30 years experience in circulating water and solar water heating.He can be reached at solwatservices@gmail.com.
Abafundi bafumana iibhasari ze-HRAI. https://www.hpacmag.com/human-resources/students-awarded-with-hrai-bursary/1004133729/
I-AD Canada ibamba umsitho wokuqala wokunxibelelana kwabasetyhini kushishino. https://www.hpacmag.com/human-resources/ad-canada-holds-first-women-in-industry-network-event/1004133708/
Imfuno yeemvume zokwakha iindawo zokuhlala iyaqhubeka nokukhula. https://www.hpacmag.com/construction/demand-for-residential-building-permits-continues-to-grow/1004133714/
I-Action Furnace 收购 Direct Energy Alberta。https://www.hpacmag.com/heat-plumbing-air-conditioning-general/action-furnace-acquires-direct-energy-alberta/1004133702/
I-HRAI ihlonipha amalungu ngeMbasa yeMpumelelo ka-2021. https://www.hpacmag.com/heat-plumbing-air-conditioning-general/hrai-recognizes-members-with-2021-achievement-awards/1004133651/