Ahakoa te utu nui ake, he pai ake te utu mō ngā tāke whakamahana wai kowiri tira ina whakaritea ki ngā utu o te huringa ora, ā, me whakaatu pērā.
Ko ngā whakamahana wai kāinga te ope taua tūturu o te ao mīhini. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia rātou e ngā taiao tino kino, ā, kāore e arohia te nuinga o ā rātou mahi uaua. I te taha wai o te whakamahana, ka whakaekea ngā kohuke, te hāora, ngā matū me te paru. Ina tae ki te tahunga, ka taea e te pāmahana teitei, te ahotea wera, me te hau haurehu te whakararu i ngā rauemi.
Mō te tiaki, kua tata kore e arohia ngā whakamahana wai wera o te whare (DHW). Ko te nuinga o ngā kaipupuri whare e kore e aro ki ā rātou whakamahana wai, ā, ka kite noa i te wā e kore e mahi, e turuturu ana rānei. Tirohia te tokotoko anode? Horoia te paru? He mahere tiaki kei reira? Wareware noa, kāore he aha ki a mātou. Nō reira, he poto te roa o te ora o te nuinga o ngā taputapu DHW.
Ka taea te whakapai ake i tēnei roanga poto o te ora? Ko te whakamahi i ngā whakamahana DHW i hangaia ki te kowiri tira tētahi huarahi hei whakanui ake i te roanga o te ora. He rauemi kaha, he rauemi pakari hoki te kowiri tira e whakarato ana i te ātete pai ake ki ngā whakaeke taha wai me te taha ahi, ka hoatu ki te whakamahana te whai wāhi ki te whakarato i te roanga o te ora mahi. Ko te ngoikoretanga tūturu anake o te kowiri tira ko te utu nui o ngā rauemi me te hanga. I roto i te mākete whakamahana DHW tino whakataetae, he wero nui tēnei utu nui hei wikitoria.
Ko te kowiri tira te ingoa whānui mō ngā koranu rino me te ihirangi chromium o te 10.5% neke atu rānei. Ka taea hoki te tāpiri i ētahi atu huānga pēnei i te nikara, te molibdenum, te titanium me te waro hei whakarato i te ātete ki te waikura, te kaha me te āheinga ki te hanga. He maha ngā huinga rerekē o ēnei koranu whakarewa rerekē e whakaputa ana i ngā "momo" me ngā "taumata" motuhake o te kowiri tira. Ahakoa te kī noa he mea hanga ki te kowiri tira, kāore e whakamārama i te katoa o te kōrero.
Ki te mea mai tetahi "homai ētahi paipa kirihou," he aha tāu e kawe mai ai? PEX, CPVC, polyethylene? He paipa "kirihou" katoa ēnei, engari he rerekē ngā āhuatanga, ngā kaha me ngā whakamahinga o ia mea. Pērā anō hoki mō te maitai kore waikura. Neke atu i te 150 ngā momo maitai kore waikura, he rerekē katoa ō rātou āhuatanga me ā rātou whakamahinga. Ko ngā maitai kore waikura e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakamahana wai o te whare he mea hanga noa iho i ētahi maitai kore waikura, ko te nuinga he momo 304, 316L, 316Ti me te 444.
Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei tohu ko te kukū o te koranu i roto. Kei roto i ngā maitai kore waikura katoa te tohu "300″ tata ki te 18% te chromium me te 10% te nickel. Kei roto hoki i ngā tohu e rua o te 316 te 2% te molybdenum, ko te tohu 316Ti he 1% te titanium kua tāpirihia ki te ranunga. Ki te whakatauritea ki te 304, ka pai ake te ātete waikura o te molybdenum ki ngā tohu 316, inā koa te ātete teitei ake ki te waikura o te poka me te kapiti i roto i ngā taiao chloride. Ka tino pai te hanga me te kaha o te titanium tohu 316Ti. Kei roto i te tohu 444 te chromium me te molybdenum, engari kāore he nickel. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te nui ake o te nickel, te molybdenum, me te titanium i roto i te ranunga, ko te pai ake o te ātete waikura me te kaha, engari ko te teitei ake hoki o te utu. Ina kī mai tetahi he whakamahana wai "kowiri tira" tā rātou, tirohia marietia ngā tohu nā te mea kāore i te rite te kounga.
E whakamahia ana te kowiri tira i roto i ngā momo whakamahana wai katoa. Ko te mea tino whakamahia i roto i ngā whakamahana DHW ā-kore me ngā whakamahana wai kore-tāke whakatōtō. Kei roto i ngā whakamahana wai ā-kore he koiri whakawhiti wera ā-roto e hono ana ki te pōro, ki te koropiko kohikohi rā rānei. He nui ake te kitea i Ūropi i Kanata nā te mea he nui ake ngā pūnaha whakamahana wai me te rā o Ūropi.
Ko te hanganga kowiri tira te wāhanga nui o ēnei mākete ā-kore o Ūropi. I Kanata, kei te wātea ngā tāke kowiri tira me ngā tāke kowiri tira he mea whakakikorua ki te karāhe, he nui ake te utu o ngā tāke kowiri tira. I roto i ngā whakamahana wai kore-tāke kore-whakapūmau, he mea hanga te whakawhiti wera ki te parahi. I te mea e akiakihia ana kia nui ake te whai huatanga o ngā waeine whakapūmau, he kowiri tira katoa ngā whakawhiti wera, he huinga rānei o ngā whakawhiti wera kowiri tira tuatahi me te tuarua. Ko ngā whakamahana wai tāke tahuna tika tonu te kingi o te mākete whakamahana wai o Kanata. Ko te maitai waro me te whakakikorua karāhe te mea nui i tēnei wāhanga. He mea whakamahi noa te kowiri tira i roto i ngā whakamahana wai kowiri tira kore-tāke, tāke tahuna tika rānei.
Hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ēnei taputapu, me whakamatao te hau para i raro i te tohu tomairangi hei tuku i te wera huna o te wahie. Ko te wai whakapūngao e puta mai ana he kohu wai kua whakakorea mai i ngā hua tahunga hau, he tino iti te pH me te waikawa teitei. Me tuku tēnei wai whakapūngao waikawa ki roto i te waikeri hei whakakore, engari ko te raruraru nui ko tōna pānga waikura ki ngā mata whakawhiti wera o te whakamahana wai.
He uaua ki te tu atu i tēnei hau haurehu mō ngā wā roa ki ngā whakawhiti wera i hangaia ki te maitai noa, ki te parahi rānei. He rauemi pai te kowiri tira nā te mea he ātete ki te waikura me te ngāwari, ā, ka taea e ia te hanga i ngā āhua whakawhiti wera uaua. He maha ngā waitohu o ngā whakamahana wai kore-tāke whakakōpiripiri e whakamahi ana i ngā whakawhiti wera kowiri tira. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te whakatenatena i te whakakōpiripiri katoa o te hau haurehu i roto i te whakawhiti wera, ā, ka hua ake he whakatauranga EF teitei tae atu ki te 0.97.
Kei te tīmata hoki te whakamahi pinepine i ngā whakamahana wai tāke me te hangarau whakapūmau, inā koa me ētahi huringa ture hanga e hiahia ana kia nui ake te pai o te whakamahana wai. E rua ngā momo whare noa i tēnei mākete. Kei te hangaia e ngā tāke kapi-karaihe ngā whakawhiti wera whakapūmau tuarua kua rumakina katoatia. Ko te taha waho (te taha wai) me te taha roto (te taha ahi) o ngā koiri whakawhiti wera he kapi-karaihe, ā, ko te taha roto kapi-karaihe ka ārai i te whakapūmau o te hau paru. Kāore i te noa ngā tauira tāke me te hanganga tāke me te koiri he kowiri tira katoa, engari he maha ngā hanganga kowiri tira katoa e wātea ana.
He iti ake te utu tīmatanga o tētahi tāke karāhe, ā, mā te wā anake ka kitea te ātete o te whakawhiti wera i roto i ngā taiao whakatōtō kino. Ka taea e ēnei whakamahana wai tāke whakatōtō hou te whakatutuki i ngā hua pai ake i ngā whakamahana wai tuku iho, me te hua pai o te wera mai i te 90% ki te 96%. I a ngā kāwanatanga e akiaki ana i ngā ture whai hua o te whakamahana wai kia teitei ake, e tino kite ana tātou i ngā whakamahana wai tāke whai hua auaha ake e tomo ana ki te mākete.
Tirohia pai ngā whakamahana wai o ngā tāke, ā, ka kitea e koe ko te nuinga o ngā momo whakamahana wai e tahuna tika ana, e koiri ā-roto ā-kore, me ngā tāke rokiroki tika he mea whakakikorua ki te karāhe me te hanganga he kowiri tira.
Nā, he aha ngā painga o te kowiri tira i runga i te karaihe kua whakakikoruatia? Me pēhea te whakatenatena i ngā kiritaki ki te haumi nui atu ki ngā tāke kowiri tira? Ko te painga nui o te kowiri tira ko tōna ātete taiao ki te waikura wai māori, e roa ake ai te ora o te ratonga. Nā te mea he koranu whakarewa ātete-waikura tōna hanganga, he kaha ake, he roa ake hoki ngā tāke kowiri tira i ngā tāke kua whakakikoruatia ki te karaihe. He ārai waikura tiaki kei ngā tāke kowiri tira i te taha wai hei ārai taiao i te waikura.
Ko ngā tāke he karāhe te āhua, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te karāhe hei ārai i te maitai waro me te wai. Mēnā ka tūpono, ka whakaekea te maitai e te hāora me ngā matū i roto i te wai, ā, ka tere te waikura. Nā te mea he tata kore e taea te pani tika i tētahi paninga tiaki (kāore he kapiti moroiti, he hapa poka iti rānei i roto i te paparanga tiaki), kei roto i ngā tāke he karāhe ngā tokotoko anode patunga tapu kua whakanohoia ki roto i te tāke.
Ka tawhito haere ngā tokotoko o te anode patunga tapu i roto i te wā, ā, ina oti te tukanga, ka tīmata te electrolysis ki te whakangaro i ngā wāhi maitai e kitea ana i roto i te tāke. Ko te tere o te mimiti o te anode ka whakawhirinaki ki te kounga o te wai me te nui o te wai e whakamahia ana. Ko ngā anode patunga tapu e toru ki te rima tau te roa, ā, ka taea te whakakapi i ngā anode hei ārai i ngā kino atu.
Ina hoki, he maha ngā wā ka warewarehia te tirotiro me te whakakapinga o ngā anode, ā, ka turuturu te tāke, ka whakakapia te wāhanga katoa. He rerekē ki ngā tāke he karāhe te uhi, kāore ngā tāke kowiri tira e hiahia ki ngā "anode patunga tapu" hei ārai i te waikura i runga i ō rātou mata. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kāore he take ki te tirotiro, ki te whakakapi rānei i te anode, ka penapena i te wā tiaki me ngā utu mō te roanga o te wā e mau ana te whakamahana wai.
Nā te roa ake o te mau me te ātete ki te waikura, ka kitea pea e koe he roa ake te pūtāhui o ngā tāke kowiri tira, ā, ka tukuna e ētahi kaihanga he pūtāhui mō te wā katoa.
He painga anō hoki tō ngā tāke kowiri tira, arā, he māmā ake i ngā tāke he karāhe te uhi, he māmā ake te kawe, te whakahaere me te tāuta. Ko te matotoru o te pakitara o te kowiri tira e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tāke he angiangi ake i ngā tāke rino rite tonu he karāhe te uhi. I te taha o te taumaha o te karāhe tonu, he taumaha ake ngā ipu karāhe.
He rerekē ngā ipu he mea whakakikorua ki te karāhe, he iti ake te aro ki ngā ipu kowiri tira i te wā e tukuna ana, ā, ka pakaru pea te arai karāhe i te wā e tukuna ana. Mena kua pakaru, kua ngatata rānei te arai karāhe o te tāke nā te whakahaere kino i te wā e tukuna ana, e tāuta ana rānei, e kore e mōhiotia kia pakaru wawe rā anō te tāke.
Ko ngā tāke kowiri tira ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana wai teitei ake i ngā tāke he karāhe te uhi, ā, kāore he raruraru ina neke atu i te 180F. Ko ētahi tāke he karāhe te uhi ka pāngia e te taumahatanga i ngā pāmahana teitei, ka nui ake te mōrearea o te kino o te karāhe te uhi. Ko ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 160F ka raru pea mō ētahi uhi karāhe. Ko ngā tono pēnei i ngā whakamahana wai rā me ētahi tono ahumahi arumoni ka kitea he whakaritenga rokiroki wai pāmahana teitei.
He mea pai kia kōrero ki te kaihanga o te tāke he mea whakakikorua ki te karāhe mō te pāmahana whakahaere mōrahi kua tūtohutia. He pai ake ngā tāke kowiri tira mō ngā whakamahinga pāmahana teitei.
Kāore e kore he nui ake te utu tīmatanga o tētahi tāke kowiri tira i tō tētahi tāke karāhe-whakakikoruatia. Engari mō ngā take kua whakahuatia i konei, tera pea ka nui ake te utu mō te huringa ora o tētahi tāke karāhe-whakakikoruatia. Ina whakatauritea ēnei utu huringa ora, he nui ake te whai hua o ngā tāke kowiri tira i te wā roa, ā, me whakaatu ki ngā kaihoko.
Robert Waters is President of Solar Water Services Inc., which provides training, education and support services to the hydroelectric power industry.He is a Mechanical Engineering Technology graduate from Humber College with over 30 years experience in circulating water and solar water heating.He can be reached at solwatservices@gmail.com.
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