Mubvunzo: Munguva pfupi yapfuura tatanga kuita basa rinoda kuti zvimwe zvikamu zvigadzirwe nesimbi isingatsvedzeri yegiredhi 304, iyo yakasungirirwa payo pachayo uye kune simbi isina kutsvedzerera. Takasangana nematambudziko ekutsemuka pasimbi isingatsvedzeri kusvika kune simbi isingatsvedzeri ine ukobvu hwe 1.25″. Zvataurwa kuti tine huwandu hushoma hwe ferrite. Ungatsanangura here kuti chii ichi uye kuti ungachigadzirisa sei?
A: Uyu mubvunzo wakanaka. Ehe, tinogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nenhamba shoma dzeferrite uye maitiro ekudzivirira.
Kutanga, ngationgororei tsananguro yesimbi isingatsvi (SS) uye kuti ferrite ine hukama sei nemajoini akasungirirwa. Simbi nhema nema alloys ane iron inopfuura 50%. Izvi zvinosanganisira simbi dzese dzekabhoni nesimbi dzisingatsvi nedzimwe mhando dzakatsanangurwa. Aluminium, mhangura netitanium hazvina iron, saka mienzaniso yakanaka yealloys dzisina ferrous.
Zvikamu zvikuru zvesimbi iyi isimbi yekabhoni ine 90% yesimbi uye SS ine 70 kusvika 80% yesimbi. Kuti ionekwe seSS, inofanira kunge iine 11.5% yechromium yakawedzerwa. Mazinga eChromium ari pamusoro pechiyero ichi anokurudzira kuumbwa kwemafirimu echromium oxide pamusoro pesimbi uye anodzivirira kuumbwa kweoxidation senge ngura (iron oxide) kana ngura inokonzerwa nekurwiswa kwemakemikari.
SS inonyanya kukamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: austenite, ferrite uye martensite. Zita ravo rinobva pachimiro chekristaro chemukamuri chinovaumba. Rimwe boka rinowanzoonekwa iSS duplex, inova chiyero pakati peferrite neaustenite muchimiro chekristaro.
Magiredhi eAustenitic, 300 series, ane 16% kusvika 30% chromium uye 8% kusvika 40% nickel, zvichigadzira chimiro chekristaro chinonyanya kushandiswa. Kuti zvikurudzire kuumbwa kwechiyero cheaustenite-ferrite, zvinosimbisa zvakaita senickel, kabhoni, manganese uye nitrogen zvinowedzerwa panguva yekugadzira simbi. Mamwe magiredhi akajairika ndea304, 316 na347. Inopa kudzivirira ngura kwakanaka; inonyanya kushandiswa mukudya, makemikari, mishonga uye cryogenic applications. Kudzora kuumbwa kweferrite kunopa kusimba kwakanyanya kwekupisa kwakaderera.
Ferritic SS imhando ye400 series ine magineti akazara, ine 11.5% kusvika 30% chromium, uye ine chimiro chekristaro chinotonga ferritic. Kuti isimudzire kuumbwa kweferrite, zvinosimbisa zvinosanganisira chromium, silicon, molybdenum, uye niobium panguva yekugadzira simbi. Mhando idzi dzeSS dzinowanzo shandiswa mumasystem emagetsi emota uye mafekitori emagetsi uye dzine mashandisirwo mashoma ekupisa kwepamusoro. Mhando dzinoverengeka dzinowanzo shandiswa ndi405, 409, 430 na446.
Magiredhi eMartensitic, anowanikwawo mu400 series akadai se403, 410 na440, ane magineti, ane 11.5% kusvika 18% chromium, uye ane martensite sechimiro chekristaro. Musanganiswa uyu une huwandu hwakaderera hwegoridhe, izvo zvinoita kuti usadhure zvakanyanya kugadzirwa. Anopa simba rekudzivirira ngura; simba rakanaka; uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yetafura, michina yemazino neyekuvhiya, midziyo yekubikira, uye mamwe marudzi ezvishandiso.
Kana uchisanganisa SS, rudzi rwe substrate uye mashandisirwo ayo ari kushanda ndizvo zvinosarudza simbi yakakodzera yekuzadza yekushandisa. Kana ukashandisa nzira yekudzivirira gasi, ungangoda kunyatsoteerera musanganiswa wegesi yekudzivirira kudzivirira mamwe matambudziko ane chekuita nekusanganisa.
Kuti ugobatanidza 304 pachayo, unoda electrode yeE308/308L. "L" inomiririra low carbon, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira ngura pakati pegranular. Ma electrode aya ane carbon content iri pasi pe0.03%; chero chinhu chiri pamusoro apa chinowedzera njodzi yekuti carbon isvike kumiganhu ye grain uye isanganiswe ne chromium kuumba chromium carbides, zvichideredza zvinobudirira ngura yesimbi. Izvi zvinoonekwa kana ngura ikaitika munzvimbo ine kupisa (HAZ) yemajoini eSS welded. Chimwe chinhu chaunofanira kufunga nezvacho nezve L grade SS ndechekuti ane simba rakaderera rekusimba pakupisa kwakakwira kupfuura ma SS grades akananga.
Sezvo 304 iri mhando yeSS inonzi austenitic, simbi yeweld inoenderana nayo inenge iine yakawanda yeaustenite. Zvisinei, electrode pachayo inenge iine ferrite stabilizer, yakaita semolybdenum, kukurudzira kuumbwa kweferrite musimbi yeweld. Vagadziri vanowanzo nyora huwandu hweferrite hwakajairika hwesimbi yeweld. Sezvambotaurwa, kabhoni isimba rakasimba re austenitic stabilizer, uye nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi zvakakosha kudzivirira kuti isawedzerwe kusimbi yeweld.
Nhamba dzeFerrite dzinobva paSchaeffler diagram neWRC-1992 diagram, dzinoshandisa nickel nechromium equivalent formulas kuverenga kukosha, izvo kana zvanyorwa padiagram zvinogadzira nhamba yakajairika. Nhamba yeFerrite iri pakati pe0 ne7 inoenderana nevhoriyamu yehuwandu hwechimiro cheFerrite crystal chiri musimbi yeweld; zvisinei, pahuwandu hwakakwira, nhamba yeFerrite inowedzera nekukurumidza. Yeuka kuti ferrite muSS haina kufanana neFerrite yesimbi yecarbon, asi chikamu chinonzi delta ferrite.Austenitic SS haina phase transformations inobatanidzwa nemaitiro ekupisa kwakanyanya senge heat treatment.
Kuumbwa kweferrite kunodiwa nekuti yakanyanya kupfava kupfuura austenite, asi inofanira kudzorwa. Kuwanda kweferrite kushoma kunogona kugadzira welds dzine resistance yakanaka yekuora mune mamwe maapplication, asi dzinowanzo pwanyika nekupisa panguva yekuwelding. Pamashandisirwo akajairika, huwandu hweferrite hunofanira kunge huri pakati pe5 ne10, asi kune mamwe maapplication hunogona kudiwa. Ferrites dzinogona kusimbiswa zviri nyore pabasa uchishandisa chiratidzo cheferrite.
Sezvo wataura kuti une matambudziko ekutsemuka uye huwandu hweferrite hushoma, unofanirwa kunyatsoongorora filler metal yako uye uve nechokwadi chekuti inogadzira huwandu hweferrite hwakakwana - hunosvika masere hunofanira kubatsira. Zvakare, kana uri kushandisa flux cored arc welding (FCAW), idzi filler metals dzinowanzo shandisa 100% carbon dioxide shielding gas kana 75% argon/25% CO2 musanganiswa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutorwa kwecarbon mu weld metal. Ungangoda kuchinja kune gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process uye shandisa 98% argon/2% oxygen mixture kuderedza mukana wekutora carbon.
Kuti uunganidze SS kusimbi yekabhoni unofanira kushandisa zvinhu zvekuzadza zveE309L. Iyi simbi yekuzadza inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuunganidzira simbi dzakasiyana uye inogadzira huwandu hwakati hweferrite mushure mekunge simbi yekabhoni yasanganiswa musimbi yekubatanidza. Sezvo imwe kabhoni ichinyudzwa musimbi yekabhoni, zvinosimbisa ferrite zvinowedzerwa kusimbi yekuzadza kuti zvidzivirire kabhoni yekugadzira austenite. Izvi zvichabatsira kudzivirira kupwanyika kwekupisa mukushandiswa kwesimbi yekubatanidza.
Muchidimbu, kana uchida kubvisa kuputika kunopisa pamajoini eSS akasungirirwa, simbisa simbi yakakwana yeferrite filler uye tevedzera tsika yakanaka yekubatanidza. Chengeta kupisa kuri pasi pe50 kJ/inch, chengetedza tembiricha iri pakati nepakati kusvika pasi, uye iva nechokwadi chekuti majoini ekugadzirisa haana kusvibiswa usati wabatanidza. Shandisa gauge yakakodzera kuti uone huwandu hweferrite pajoini rakasungirirwa, uchivavarira kusvika pa5 kusvika ku10.
WELDER, yaimbonzi Practical Welding Today, inoratidza vanhu chaivo vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zvatinoshandisa uye zvatinoshanda nazvo zuva nezuva. Magazini iyi yave ichishandira nharaunda yevanosanganisa simbi muNorth America kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri.
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