Ibiciro bya nikeli byatangiye ukwezi bizamuka, bigabanya ibiciro byari bihari mbere y’uko igihe kigera ku isaha n’igihe cya buri munsi. Amaherezo, ibiciro byazamutse biva ku rwego rwo hejuru rwari rwashyizweho mbere y’uko LME ifunga muri Werurwe. Iki gikorwa cy’ibiciro kigaragaza ko nikeli ishobora kuzamuka niba ibiciro bikomeje kuzamuka. Muri rusange, ariko, ibiciro biracyari mu rwego rwo hagati n’igihe kirekire. Abashoramari bazakenera kubigabanya kugira ngo bashyireho umurongo mushya w’igihe kirekire.
Imigabane y’ibyuma bitagira umugese yiyongereye atari mu bigo bitanga serivisi gusa, ahubwo no mu nganda zimwe na zimwe n’abakoresha ibikoresho bya nyuma. Mu by’ukuri, amakuru yabwiye MetalMiner ko impuzandengo y’ububiko bw’ibikoresho mu bigo bitanga serivisi ari hagati y’amezi atatu n’ane. Byaba byiza ikigo gitanga serivisi kigomba kugira ububiko bw’amezi abiri gusa. MetalMiner yanabonye amakuru avuga ko bamwe mu bakoresha ibikoresho bya nyuma bafite ububiko bw’amezi arenga icyenda ku butaka bwabo. Birumvikana ko kuba ibikoresho nk’ibyo biboneka ku bakoresha ibikoresho bya nyuma n’ababikora bizagira ingaruka ku buryo ibicuruzwa bitangwa mu bigo bitanga serivisi.
Mu 2022, umusaruro w’ibyuma bitagira umugese byo muri Amerika ukomeje kugorwa n’uburyo buhamye bwo gushyira mu bikorwa alloys, ubugari n’ubugari bw’ibikoresho bigenwa n’inganda. Bityo, kugira ngo umusaruro wongere umusaruro, North American Stainless na Outokumpu bibanze ku gukora 304/304L isanzwe, hamwe na 316L. Inyinshi muri zo zifite ubugari bwa santimetero 48 cyangwa nini na santimetero 0.035 z’ubugari. Ubugari, uburemere bworoheje n’inyongeramusaruro bya alloys bitangiye kugabanya ibyifuzo ku bicuruzwa bitanga ingufu. Byongeye kandi, bamwe mu bagura ibyuma bitagira umugese nabo barimo kugabanya ibiciro byabo bakongera ibyifuzo mu 2022, kandi biteganijwe ko ihungabana ry’ibikoresho rizakomeza.
Hagati aho, ibicuruzwa by’icyuma gikonjesha cyakomeje kwiyongera mu mwaka wa 2022, bizamuka cyane muri Mata-Kamena. Ibi byafashije mu kugabanya ibura ry’ibikoresho muri Amerika, aho ibicuruzwa byatangiye kugabanuka bitewe n’uko ububiko bw’ibikoresho mu bigo bya serivisi bwiyongereye. Nubwo ibiciro byo gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga biri hejuru cyane, ibigo bya serivisi byatangiye gusubira inyuma vuba. Ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu mahanga ntabwo ari ngombwa ko bihagera mu kwezi kumwe kwatumijwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu byuma bikonjesha bikomeje kugaragara (nubwo ari mu ngano nto cyane).
Inganda nyinshi zaguzwe cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ko habura umuriro ubu zirarengerwa. Isoko ryazo ryose ryamaze gutanga ingano zemeranyijweho, kandi sosiyete nta yandi mahitamo ifite uretse gutegereza. Ku bw'amahirwe, ubucuruzi bugura ibicuruzwa by'ikirenga ku bakoresha ibicuruzwa bya nyuma bushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kuba ibikoresho by'ibanze bigurishwa n'abakoresha ibicuruzwa bya nyuma ndetse bukabona amafaranga make. Ikigo gishinzwe serivisi ntikizagura ibikoresho by'ikirenga muri iki gihe. Ariko, hari amasosiyete amwe ya B2B ahuza by'umwihariko abagurisha n'abaguzi muri iki gihe.
Amwe mu masoko ya MetalMiner avuga ko ikibazo cyo kongera imigabane mu bigo bya serivisi gishobora gukemurwa mu mpera za 2022 bitarenze igihembwe cya mbere cya 2023. Ariko, ni ngombwa kandi gusuzuma uburyo ibi bigega bishobora kugabanuka mu gihe umwaka wa 2022 wegereje. Urugero, amafaranga yiyongereye ku mashini 304 yakomeje kugabanuka ugereranyije n'igihe yari ahagaze muri Gicurasi. Amafaranga yiyongereyeho yo muri Nzeri 304 nayo yari $1.2266 kuri pawundi, yagabanutseho $0.6765 kuri pawundi ugereranyije na Gicurasi.
Suzuma uburyo bwo gukoresha icyuma kitagira umugese cya MetalMiner ukoresheje gahunda yo kwerekana urubuga rwa Insights.
Ibihugu by’Iburengerazuba bitagizweho ingaruka n’ibihano bikomeje gutumiza nikeli y’Uburusiya mu mahanga. Mu by’ukuri, ibicuruzwa byariyongereye kuva muri Werurwe. Uburusiya bungana na 7% by’umusaruro wa nikeli ku isi, kandi ikigo kinini cyabwo, Norilsk Nickel, gikora hafi 15-20% bya nikeli y’ibateri ku isi.
Amerika yabonye ukwiyongera gukomeye. Ibicuruzwa bya nikeli biva mu Burusiya byinjijwe muri Amerika byazamutseho 70% kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Kamena, nk'uko bigaragazwa n'ububiko bw'amakuru bwa UN Comtrade bwakozwe na Reuters. Hagati aho, ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'i Burayi byiyongereyeho 22% muri icyo gihe kimwe.
Ukwiyongera kw'ibikoresho biva mu Burusiya bigaragaza ibintu bibiri. Icya mbere, ibiciro biri hasi bishobora kuba byaratumye nikeli y'Uburusiya irushaho gukurura, kuko ibindi biciro byose byazamutse nyuma y'igitero cya Ukraine. Icya kabiri, bivuze ko impungenge z'ihungabana ry'ibiciro byateje izamuka rikomeye ry'ibiciro by'ibyuma by'ibanze mu ntangiriro za Werurwe zagaragaye ko zikabije.
Komeza umenye amakuru agezweho ku bibera muri MetalMiner no mu nganda zikora ibyuma bitagira imitako hamwe n'amakuru agezweho buri cyumweru - nta yandi mabaruwa asabwa. Iyandikishe ku makuru ya buri cyumweru ya MetalMiner.
Mu ntangiriro z'amasezerano ya 2023, inganda zo mu Burengerazuba bw'isi zishobora gutangira kwanga ibicuruzwa biva mu Burusiya.
Nk’uko Paul Wharton, visi perezida mukuru wa Norsk Hydro ushinzwe ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu byakuwemo, abivuga, “nta gushidikanya ko tuzagura mu Burusiya mu 2023.” Mu by’ukuri, ibiganiro bya mbere na Norilsk Nickel bigaragaza ko abaguzi b’i Burayi bashaka kugabanya ibyo bagura hafi ya hose.
Izi mpinduka mu gutanga ibikoresho zishobora kwimura ibikoresho ku giciro gito ku bigo n'ibihugu bigifite ubushake bwo gutumiza ibintu bivuye mu Burusiya. Wharton yongeyeho ati: “Sinzi aho ibikoresho birimo kujya ubu – bishobora kujya muri Aziya, mu Bushinwa, muri Turukiya no mu tundi turere tutarafata umwanzuro ukomeye ku bikoresho by'Uburusiya.”
Ibi bishobora gutuma amafaranga y’inyongera atangwa ku bikoresho biva ahandi. Birumvikana ko atari ko amasosiyete yose azakomera cyane ku bikoresho by’Uburusiya. Kandi kubera ko uku kwirinda ari ubushake, ntibizatwara nikeli y’Uburusiya ku isoko ry’isi.
Igitekerezo cya MetalMiner cy’umwaka wa 2023 kirasohoka muri iki cyumweru! Raporo yemeza icyerekezo cyacu cy’amezi 12 kandi iha ibigo bigura ibintu birambuye ku bintu by’ingenzi bituma ibiciro bigabanuka, ndetse n’iteganyagihe rirambuye rishobora gukoreshwa mu gushaka ibyuma kugeza mu 2023, harimo ibiciro by’impuzandengo byitezwe, inkunga n’urwego rwo guhangana n’ibiciro.
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