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Igaragaza akazu k'amaslayidi atatu icyarimwe. Koresha utubuto twa Mbere n'Utukurikira kugira ngo unyure muri slayidi eshatu icyarimwe, cyangwa ukoreshe utubuto twa slayidi ku iherezo kugira ngo unyure muri slayidi eshatu icyarimwe.
Mu migezi myiza, hakunze kugaragara ingese yihuta ya karubone n'ibyuma bidashonga. Inyigo y'amezi 22 yo koga mu kigega cy'amazi meza yakozwe hano hakoreshejwe ibyuma by'ubwoko icyenda. Ingese yihuta yagaragaye mu byuma bya karubone na chromium n'ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma, mu gihe mu byuma bidashonga nta ngese igaragara yagaragaye nubwo nyuma y'amezi 22. Isesengura ry'umuryango wa mikorobe ryagaragaje ko mu gihe cy'ingese rusange, bagiteri zigabanya Fe (II) zakungahaye ku ntera ya mbere ya ngese, bagiteri zigabanya Fe (III), mu ntera yo gukura kwa ngese, na bagiteri zigabanya sulfate, mu ntera yo gukura kwa ngese. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, bagiteri za Beggiatocaea zari nyinshi cyane mu byuma aho 9% bya Cr byahuye n'ingese zo mu gace runaka. Izi nkomoko z'imiti nazo zitandukanye n'izo mu mazi no mu byo hasi mu mazi. Bityo, uko ingese igenda itera imbere, umuryango wa mikorobe ugira impinduka zikomeye, kandi imikorere y'ingufu za mikorobe zishingiye ku butare ikora ibidukikije bishobora gukungahaza izindi mikorobe.
Ibyuma bishobora kwangirika no kwangirika bitewe n’ibintu bitandukanye bifatika n’ibikomoka ku bidukikije nka pH, ubushyuhe n’ubwinshi bwa iyoni. Imiterere y’aside, ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ubwinshi bwa koloride bigira ingaruka cyane ku kwangirika kw’ibyuma1, 2, 3. Udukoko duto mu bidukikije bisanzwe n’ibyubatswe akenshi tugira ingaruka ku kwangirika no kwangirika kw’ibyuma, imyitwarire igaragarira mu kwangirika kwa mikorobe (MIC)4, 5, 6, 7, 8. MIC ikunze kuboneka mu bidukikije nko mu miyoboro yo mu nzu no mu bigega byo kubikamo ibintu, mu myobo y’ibyuma, no mu butaka, aho igaragara mu buryo butunguranye kandi igakura vuba. Kubwibyo, gukurikirana no kubona MIC hakiri kare biragoye cyane, bityo isesengura rya MIC rikunze gukorwa nyuma yo kwangirika. Inyigo nyinshi za MIC zagaragaye aho bagiteri zigabanya sulfate (SRB) zakunze kuboneka mu bicuruzwa bya kwangirika9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Ariko, ntibiramenyekana neza niba SRB zigira uruhare mu gutangiza kwangirika, kuko kuzimenya bishingiye ku isesengura rya nyuma yo kwangirika.
Vuba aha, uretse bagiteri zigabanya iode21, hagaragaye udukoko dutandukanye twangiza icyuma, nka SRB14 igabanya iode, methanogens15,16,17, bagiteri zigabanya nitrati18, bagiteri zigabanya iode19 na acetogens20. Mu gihe cya laboratwari ya anaerobic cyangwa microaerobic, inyinshi muri zo zigabanya icyuma na karuboni. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwazo bwo kwangirika bwerekana ko methanogens na SRBs bitera kwangirika binyuze mu gukuramo electron mu cyuma cya null-valent hakoreshejwe hydrogenases zo hanze na multiheme cytochromes, uko bikurikirana22,23. MICs zigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: (i) chemical MIC (CMIC), ari yo kwangirika ku buryo butaziguye n’ubwoko bwa mikorobe zikorwa, na (ii) electron MIC (EMIC), ari yo kwangirika ku buryo butaziguye bitewe no kugabanuka kwa electron mu cyuma24. EMIC yorohejwe no kohereza electron hanze (EET) ni ingenzi cyane kuko udukoko dufite imiterere ya EET dutera kwangirika vuba kurusha udukoko tutari EET. Nubwo igisubizo kigabanya igipimo cya CMIC mu bihe byo kutagira umwuka ari umusaruro wa H2 binyuze mu kugabanya protoni (H+), EMIC ikomeza binyuze mu mikorere ya EET, idashingiye ku musaruro wa H2. Uburyo EET ikora mu tunyangingo dutandukanye bufitanye isano n'imikorere ya lisansi ya mikorobe na electrobiosynthesis25,26,27,28,29. Kubera ko imiterere y'utu tunyangingo twangiza itandukanye n'iyo mu bidukikije karemano, ntibirasobanuka neza niba izi ngeso zangiza za mikorobe zigaragara zigaragaza ingese mu bikorwa. Kubwibyo, biragoye kureba uburyo MIC iterwa n'utu tunyangingo twangiza mu bidukikije karemano.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana ADN ryorohereje inyigo y'ibisobanuro birambuye ku miterere y'uturemangingo mu bidukikije karemano n'ibisanzwe, urugero, gusesengura mikorobe hashingiwe ku ruhererekane rwa gene ya 16S rRNA hakoreshejwe uburyo bushya bwo gusesengura bwakoreshejwe mu rwego rw'ibidukikije bya mikorobe30,31. ,32. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwa MIC bwasohotse bugaragaza imiterere y'uturemangingo mu bidukikije by'ubutaka n'inyanja13,33,34,35,36. Uretse SRB, kongera ubwiyongere bwa bagiteri za Fe (II)-oxidizing (FeOB) na nitrifying mu bipimo bya corruption, urugero FeOB, nka Gallionella spp. na Dechloromonas spp., na bagiteri zitanga nitrifying, nka Nitrospira, nabyo byagaragaye. spp., mu byuma bya Karuboni n'umuringa mu butaka33. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu bidukikije byo mu nyanja, kwihuta kwa bagiteri zitanga nitrifying z'icyuma ziri mu byiciro bya Zetaproteobacteria na Betaproteobacteria byagaragaye mu byumweru byinshi ku byuma bya karuboni 36. Aya makuru agaragaza uruhare rw'izi mikorobe mu kwangirika. Ariko, mu bushakashatsi bwinshi, igihe n'amatsinda y'igerageza ni bike, kandi nta byinshi bizwi ku mikorere y'udukoko mu gihe cyo kwangirika.
Aha, turimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku birebana na MIC z’icyuma cya karuboni, icyuma cya chromium, icyuma kitagira umugese, n’icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gishongeshejwe hakoreshejwe inyigo zo kwibiza mu mazi meza yo mu kirere hamwe n’amateka y’ibyabaye kuri MIC. Ingero zafashwe mu mezi 1, 3, 6, 14 na 22 kandi igipimo cya buri cyuma n’igice cya mikorobe cyigwaga. Ibisubizo byacu bitanga ibisobanuro ku mikorere y’igihe kirekire y’udukoko mu gihe cya ruswa.
Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, ibyuma icyenda byakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi. Ingero icumi za buri kintu zashyizwe mu kidendezi cy'amazi meza. Ubwiza bw'amazi yo mu nganda ni ubu bukurikira: 30 ppm Cl-, 20 mS m-1, 20 ppm Ca2+, 20 ppm SiO2, turbidity 1 ppm na pH 7.4. Igipimo cya ogisijeni yashongeshejwe (DO) munsi y'urwego rw'ingero cyari hafi 8.2 ppm kandi ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwari hagati ya 9 na 23°C mu gihe cy'umwaka.
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1, nyuma y'ukwezi kumwe mu byuma bya ASTM A283, ASTM A109 Imiterere #4/5, ASTM A179, na ASTM A395, ibicuruzwa bya corruption by'umukara byagaragaye ku buso bw'icyuma cya karuboni mu buryo bwa corruption rusange. Gutakaza ibiro by'ibi bipimo byiyongereye uko igihe kigenda gihita (Imbonerahamwe y'inyongera ya 1) kandi igipimo cya corruption cyari 0.13–0.16 mm ku mwaka (Ishusho ya 2). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, corruption rusange yagaragaye mu byuma bifite Cr nkeya (1% na 2.25%) hamwe n'igipimo cya corruption cya 0.13 mm/umwaka (Ishusho ya 1 na 2). Mu buryo bunyuranye, icyuma gifite Cr 9% kigaragaza corruption iboneka mu byuma byakozwe na gaskets. Igipimo cya corruption cy'iki gipimo ni 0.02 mm/umwaka, kikaba kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'icy'icyuma gifite corruption rusange. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibyuma bitagira umugese byo mu bwoko bwa 304 na -316 nta myanda igaragara bigaragaza, aho igipimo cya myanda giteganijwe kiri <0.001 mm y−1. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibyuma bitagira umugese byo mu bwoko bwa 304 na -316 nta ngeso zigaragara zigaragaza, hamwe n'igipimo cyo kwihuta cya <0.001 mm y−1. Напротив, нержавеющие стали типов 304 и 316 не проявляют видимой коррозии, при э мат расаная скорость коррозии со курляет <0,001 mir / год. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibyuma bya 304 na 316 bitarangwamo ingese bigaragara, aho igipimo cya ngese kiba kiri <0.001 mm/umwaka.相比之下， 304 和 -316 型不锈钢没有显示出可见的腐蚀，估计腐蚀速率 <0.001 mm y - 1。相比之下， 304 和 -316 型不锈钢没有显示出可见的腐蚀，估计腐蚀速率 <0.001 mm y - 1。 Напротив, нержавеющие стали типа 304 и -316 не показали видимой коррозии с рас раной скоростью коррозии <0,001 mm / год. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibyuma bya 304 na -316 bitarangwagamo ingese bigaragara bifite igipimo cya ngese cya <0.001 mm / umwaka.
Hagaragajwe amashusho ya macroscopic ya buri gipimo (uburebure bwa mm 50 × ubugari bwa mm 20) mbere na nyuma yo kumanuka. Metero 1, ukwezi 1; Metero 3, amezi 3; Metero 6, amezi 6; Metero 14, amezi 14; Metero 22, amezi 22; S, ASTM A283; SP, ASTM A109, imiterere ya 4/5; FC, ASTM A395; B, ASTM A179; 1C, icyuma 1% Cr; icyuma cya 3C, icyuma cya 2.25% Cr; icyuma cya 9C, icyuma 9% Cr; S6, icyuma cya 316; S8, icyuma cya 304 kitarabagirana.
Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe cyabazwe hakoreshejwe igihe cyo kugabanya ibiro no kwibira. S, ASTM A283, SP, ASTM A109, ikomeye 4/5, FC, ASTM A395, B, ASTM A179, 1C, icyuma 1% Cr, 3 C, icyuma 2.25% Cr, 9 C, icyuma 9% Cr, S6, icyuma cya 316; S8, icyuma cya 304.
Ku ishusho ya 1 kandi hagaragara ko ibicuruzwa bya corruption by'icyuma cya karuboni, icyuma cya Cr gito n'icyuma gishongeshejwe bikomeza kwiyongera nyuma yo kwibira mu mezi 3. Igipimo rusange cya corruption cyagabanutse buhoro buhoro kigera kuri 0.07 ~ 0.08 mm/umwaka nyuma y'amezi 22 (Ishusho ya 2). Byongeye kandi, igipimo cya corruption cya 2.25% cy'icyuma cya Cr cyari hasi gato ugereranije n'ibindi bikoresho bya corruption, bigaragaza ko Cr ishobora gukumira corruption. Uretse corruption rusange, nk'uko ASTM A179 ibivuga, corruption yagaragaye nyuma y'amezi 22 ifite uburebure bwa 700 µm (Ishusho ya 3). Igipimo cya corruption cyo mu gace, kibarwa hakoreshejwe uburebure bwa corruption n'igihe cyo kwibira, ni 0.38 mm/umwaka, bingana n'inshuro 5 kurusha corruption rusange. Igipimo cya corruption cya ASTM A395 alloy gishobora gusuzugurwa kuko ibicuruzwa bya corruption bidakuraho burundu ingano nyuma y'amezi 14 cyangwa 22 yo kwibira mu mazi. Ariko, itandukaniro rigomba kuba rito. Byongeye kandi, hari imyobo myinshi mito yagaragaye mu byuma bya chromium bike bya corruption.
Ishusho yuzuye (umurongo wa scale: mm 10) n'umucanga wa localized (umurongo wa scale: 500 µm) by'icyuma cya ASTM A179 na 9% Cr ku bujyakuzimu ntarengwa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi ya laser ya 3D. Uduce dutukura ku ishusho yuzuye tugaragaza umucanga wapimwe. Ishusho yuzuye y'icyuma cya 9% Cr uvuye inyuma igaragara ku Ishusho ya 1.
Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho ya 2, ku byuma bifite 9% Cr, nta ngeso yagaragaye mu mezi 3-14, kandi igipimo cya ngeso cyabaye hafi zeru. Ariko, ingeso yagaragaye mu gace runaka nyuma y'amezi 22 (Ishusho ya 3) hamwe n'igipimo cya ngeso cya 0.04 mm/umwaka cyabazwe hakoreshejwe kugabanya ibiro. Ubujyakuzimu ntarengwa bwa ngeso yabonetse mu gace runaka ni 1260 µm naho igipimo cya ngeso yabonetse mu gace runaka gishingiye ku burebure bwa ngeso n'igihe cyo kwibira (amezi 22) ni 0.68 mm/umwaka. Kubera ko aho ingeso itangirira hatazwi neza, igipimo cya ngeso gishobora kuba kiri hejuru.
Mu buryo bunyuranye, nta kwangirika kugaragara kwagaragaye ku byuma bitanduye ndetse na nyuma y'amezi 22 byinjijwe mu mazi. Nubwo hari uduce duke tw'umukara twagaragaye ku buso mbere yo kuva ku gipimo (Ishusho ya 1), twari dufatanye nabi kandi ntabwo twari ibikoresho bya kwangirika. Kubera ko icyuma kigaragara ku buso bwacyo nyuma yo kuvanwaho igipimo, igipimo cya kwangirika kiri hafi ya zeru.
Hakozwe isesengura rya Amplicon kugira ngo humve itandukaniro n'imikorere y'udukoko duto uko igihe kigenda gihita mu bicuruzwa byangiritse na biofilms ku buso bw'icyuma, mu mazi no mu myanda. Hakiriwe ibitabo bigera kuri 4,160,012, aho byasomwe hagati ya 31,328 na 124,183.
Ibipimo bya Shannon by'amazi byafashwe mu mazi yinjira mu byuzi byari hagati ya 5.47 na 7.45 (Ishusho ya 4a). Kubera ko amazi yo mu ruzi yasubiwemo akoreshwa nk'amazi yo mu nganda, umuryango w'udukoko urashobora guhinduka bitewe n'ibihe. Mu buryo bunyuranye, igipimo cya Shannon cy'ibipimo byo hasi mu byuma byari hafi 9, bikaba biri hejuru cyane ugereranije n'iby'amazi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ingero z'amazi zari zifite ibipimo bya Chao1 bike kandi zabonye ibice by'imikorere (OTUs) ugereranije n'ingero z'amazi (Ishusho ya 4b, c). Iri tandukaniro rifite agaciro gakomeye mu mibare (ikizamini cya Tukey-Kramer; agaciro ka p < 0.01, Ishusho ya 4d), bigaragaza ko uduce twa mikorobe mu bipimo by'amazi ari ingenzi cyane kurusha uturi mu bipimo by'amazi. Iri tandukaniro rifite agaciro gakomeye mu mibare (ikizamini cya Tukey-Kramer; agaciro ka p < 0.01, Ishusho ya 4d), bigaragaza ko uduce twa mikorobe mu bipimo by'amazi ari ingenzi cyane kurusha uturi mu bipimo by'amazi. Эти различия статистически значимы (критерий Тукики-Крамера; значения p <0,01, рис. 4d), что указывает на то, что Мббные сообщества в оверцах донных отложений более сложч, чеч. Iri tandukaniro rifite agaciro gakomeye mu mibare (ikizamini cya Tukey-Kramer; agaciro ka p <0.01, Ishusho ya 4d), bigaragaza ko uduce twa mikorobe mu bipimo by'amazi ari ingenzi cyane kurusha mu bipimo by'amazi.Uke Tukey-Kramer 检验； p 值 <0.01 ，图 4d ），表明沉积物样本中的微生物群落比水样中的微生物群落更复杂。这些 差异 具有 统计学 uke tukey-kramer 检验 ； p 值 <0.01 ， 图 4d） 表明 沉积物样本 中 的 微生物 中 中 的 群落更。。。。。。。。。 群落更。。。。。。。。。 Эти различия были статистически значимыми (критерий Тюкики-Крамера; p-значение <0,01, рис. 4d), что позволяет предположить, что чакбные сообщества в оццх донных отли Iri tandukaniro ryari rifite agaciro gakomeye mu mibare (ikizamini cya Tukey-Kramer; agaciro ka p <0.01, Ishusho ya 4d), bigaragaza ko uduce twa mikorobe mu bipimo by'amazi twari tugoye cyane kurusha mu bipimo by'amazi.Kubera ko amazi yo mu gishanga cyuzuye ahora yivugurura kandi ibisigazwa bikagera hasi mu gishanga nta mvururu za tekiniki, iri tandukaniro mu mikorobe rigomba kugaragaza imiterere y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruri mu gishanga.
Igipimo cya Shannon, b Itsinda ry’ibikoresho byagaragaye (OTU), na c Igipimo cya Chao1 cyo gufata (n=6) n’igikarabiro (n=5) Amazi, ibishanga (n=3), ASTM A283 (S: n=5), ASTM A109 Ubushyuhe #4/5 (SP: n=5), ASTM A179 (B: n=5), ASTM A395 (FC: n=5), 1% (1 C: n=5), 2.25% (3 C: n = 5) na 9% (9 C: n = 5) Ibyuma bya Cr-stainless, hamwe n’ubwoko bwa 316 (S6: n = 5) na -304 (S8: n = 5) byerekanwa nk’imbonerahamwe y’isanduku n’iy’udupira. d-agaciro ka p ku bipimo bya Shannon na Chao1 byabonetse hakoreshejwe ibizamini byinshi byo kugereranya bya ANOVA na Tukey-Kramer. Inyuma y'umutuku igaragaza amabara abiri afite agaciro ka p < 0.05. Inyuma y'umutuku igaragaza amabara abiri afite agaciro ka p < 0.05. Красные фоны предвляют п мат со значениями p <0,05. Inyuma itukura igaragaza amabara abiri afite agaciro ka p < 0.05.红色背景代表 p 值 <0.05 的对。红色背景代表 p 值 <0.05 的对。 Красные фоны предвляют п мат с с p-значениями <0,05. Inyuma itukura igaragaza amabara abiri afite agaciro ka p <0.05.Umurongo uri hagati mu gasanduku, hejuru no hepfo y'agasanduku, n'udupira tw'ubwanwa bigaragaza igipimo cy'impuzandengo, 25 na 75 ku ijana, hamwe n'agaciro gato n'akatari gake, uko bikurikirana.
Ibipimo bya Shannon by’icyuma cya karuboni, icyuma cya chromium nke, n’icyuma cya cast fer byari bisa n’iby’ingero z’amazi (Ishusho ya 4a). Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibipimo bya Shannon by'ingero z'icyuma kidashonga biri hejuru cyane kurusha iby'ibyuma byangiritse (agaciro ka p < 0.05, Ishusho ya 4d) kandi bisa n'iby'ibisigazwa. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibipimo bya Shannon by'ingero z'icyuma kidashonga biri hejuru cyane kurusha iby'ibyuma byangiritse (p-values ​​​​< 0.05, Ishusho ya 4d) kandi bisa n'iby'ibisigazwa. Напротив, инсысы Шеннона оцов из нержавеющей стали значительно вше, чем у корродированных сталей (значения p <0,05, рис. 4d), и анлачичны ин иш от отжжений. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibipimo bya Shannon by'ibyuma bitagira umugese biri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'iby'ibyuma byangiritse (p-values ​​​​< 0.05, Ishusho ya 4d) kandi bisa n'ibipimo by'ibipimo.相比之下，不锈钢样品的香农指数明显高于腐蚀钢的香农指数（ p 值 <0.05 ，图 4d ），与沉积物相似。相比之下，不锈钢样品的香农指数明显高于腐蚀钢的香农指数（ p 值 <0.05 ，图 4d ），与沉积物〸 Напротив, инг Шеннона оцов из нержавеющей стали был значительно вше, чем у корродированной стали (значение p <0,05, рис. 4d), как и у отложений. Mu buryo bunyuranye, igipimo cya Shannon cy’ibipimo by’icyuma kidashonga cyari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’icy’icyuma cyangiritse (agaciro ka p < 0.05, Ishusho ya 4d), kimwe n’ibyatanzwe.Mu buryo bunyuranye, igipimo cya Shannon ku byuma bifite 9% Cr cyari hagati ya 6.95 na 9.65. Ibi byari hejuru cyane mu bipimo bitarangiritse mu mezi 1 na 3 ugereranyije n'ibipimo byarangiritse mu mezi 6, 14 na 22 (Ishusho ya 4a). Byongeye kandi, ibipimo bya Chao1 na OTU byagaragaye by'ibyuma bya Cr 9% biri hejuru y'iby'ibipimo byangiritse n'amazi kandi biri hasi y'iby'ibipimo bitangiritse n'ibidangiritse (Ishusho ya 4b, c), kandi itandukaniro riri mu buryo bw'imibare (p-values ​​< 0.01, Ishusho ya 4d). Byongeye kandi, ibipimo bya Chao1 na OTU byagaragaye by'ibyuma bya Cr 9% biri hejuru y'iby'ibipimo byangiritse n'amazi kandi biri hasi y'iby'ibipimo bitangiritse n'ibidangiritse (Ishusho ya 4b, c), kandi itandukaniro riri mu buryo bw'imibare (p-values ​​​​< 0.01, Ishusho ya 4d).Byongeye kandi, Chao1 na OTU yagaragaye y’ibyuma bifite 9% Cr biri hejuru y’iby’ibipimo byangiritse n’iby’amazi kandi biri hasi y’iby’ibipimo bitangiritse n’iby’amazi (Ishusho ya 4b, c), kandi itandukaniro riri ku kigereranyo.(p-значения <0,01, рис. 4d). (agaciro ka p <0.01, Igishushanyo cya 4d).此外， 9% Cr 钢的 Chao1 指数和观察到的 OTU 高于腐蚀样品和水样，低于未腐蚀样品和沉积物样品（图 4b ， c ），差异具有统计学意义（ p 值 <0.01 ，图 4d ）。此外 ， 9% CR 钢 Chao1 指数 和 观察 的 t rtu 高于 腐蚀 样品 水样 ， 低于 4b ， c） 差异 统计学 意义 p 值 <0.01 图 图 图 图 图 图 ， ， ， Кроме того, ин асс Chao1 и наблюдаемые OTU стали с содержанием 9% Cr были вше, чем у корродированных и водных орцов, и ниже, чем у некорродированных и осадочных вацик (рис). значимой (p- значение <0,01, рис. 4г). Byongeye kandi, igipimo cya Chao1 hamwe na OTU yagaragaye ya 9% Cr steel byari hejuru y’iby’ibipimo byangiritse n’iby’amazi kandi byari munsi y’iby’ibipimo bitangiritse n’iby’amazi (Ishusho ya 4b, c), kandi itandukaniro ryari rifite agaciro gakomeye mu mibare (agaciro ka p < 0.01, Ishusho ya 4d).Ibi bisubizo bigaragaza ko ubwinshi bw'udukoko mu bicuruzwa byangiritse buri hasi ugereranyije na biofilms ku byuma bitangiritse.
Ku ishusho ya 5a yerekana isesengura ry’ibanze (PCoA) rishingiye ku ntera idafite uburemere ya UniFrac ku bipimo byose, hagaragaye amatsinda atatu akomeye. Imiterere ya mikorobe mu bipimo by’amazi yari itandukanye cyane n’indi miryango. Imiterere ya mikorobe mu myanda nayo yari irimo imiterere y’ibyuma bitagira umugese, mu gihe yari isanzwe mu bipimo bya ruswa. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ikarita y’icyuma gifite 9% Cr igabanyijemo amatsinda atarimo ruswa n’ayangiritse. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imiterere ya mikorobe ku buso bw’icyuma n’ibikomoka kuri ruswa itandukanye cyane n’iyo mu mazi.
Isesengura ry’ibanze ry’ibipimo (PCoA) rishingiye ku ntera idafite uburemere bwa UniFrac mu bipimo byose (a), amazi (b), n’ibyuma (c). Utuziga tugaragaza buri tsinda. Inzira zigaragazwa n’imirongo ihuza ibihe byo gupima mu buryo bukurikiranye. Metero 1, ukwezi 1; Metero 3, amezi 3; Metero 6, amezi 6; Metero 14, amezi 14; Metero 22, amezi 22; S, ASTM A283; SP, ASTM A109, imiterere ya 4/5; FC, ASTM A395; B, ASTM A179; 1C, icyuma 1% Cr; Icyuma cya 3C, icyuma cya 2.25% Cr; Icyuma 9C, icyuma 9% Cr; S6, icyuma cya 316; S8, icyuma cya 304 cya icyuma cya 304.
Iyo byashyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe uko ibintu byagenze, imiterere ya PCoA y'amazi yari mu buryo bw'uruziga (Ishusho ya 5b). Iri hinduka ry'uruziga rishobora kugaragaza impinduka z'ibihe.
Byongeye kandi, amatsinda abiri gusa (yangiritse n'atari yangiritse) yagaragaye ku duce twa PCoA tw'ibipimo by'icyuma, aho (usibye 9% by'icyuma cya chromium) hagaragaye kandi impinduka mu muryango wa mikorobe kuva ku mezi 1 kugeza kuri 22 (Ishusho ya 5c). Byongeye kandi, kubera ko impinduka mu ngero zangiritse zari nini kurusha mu ngero zitari zangiritse, hari isano iri hagati y'impinduka mu miryango ya mikorobe n'iterambere rya ruswa. Mu ngero z'icyuma zifite 9% Cr, hagaragaye ubwoko bubiri bw'imiryango ya mikorobe: amanota ku mezi 1 na 6, aherereye hafi y'icyuma kidashonga, n'andi (amezi 3, 14, na 22), aherereye ahantu hafi y'icyuma cyangiritse. Ukwezi 1 na coupon zakoreshejwe mu gukuramo ADN ku mezi 6 ntizangiritse, mu gihe coupon ku mezi 3, 14 na 22 zangiritse (Ishusho y'inyongera ya 1). Kubwibyo, imiryango ya mikorobe mu ngero zangiritse itandukanye n'iyo mu mazi, mu myanda, no mu ngero zitari zangiritse kandi yahindutse uko ruswa yagendaga itera imbere.
Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'udukoko twagaragaye mu bipimo by'amazi ni Proteobacteria (30.1–73.5%), Bacteroidetes (6.3–48.6%), Planctomycetota (0.4–19.6%) na Actinobacteria (0–17.7%), ubwinshi bwazo bwaratandukanye bitewe n'icyitegererezo kimwe (Ishusho ya 6), urugero, ubwinshi bwa Bacteroidetes mu mazi y'ibidendezi bwari bwinshi kurusha mu mazi asanzwe. Iri tandukaniro rishobora guterwa n'igihe amazi aba mu kigega cyuzuye. Ubwo bwoko bwagaragaye kandi mu bipimo byo hasi mu butaka, ariko ubwinshi bwazo butandukanye cyane n'ubwo mu bipimo by'amazi. Byongeye kandi, ingano ya Acidobacteriota (8.7–13.0%), Chloroflexi (8.1–10.2%), Nitrospirota (4.2–4.4%) na Desulfobacterota (1.5–4.4%) yari hejuru kurusha mu bipimo by'amazi. Kubera ko hafi ya ubwoko bwose bwa Desulfobacterota ari SRB37, ibidukikije biri mu musenyi bigomba kuba bidafite umwuka uhagije. Nubwo Desulfobacterota ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ingese, ibyago bigomba kuba bike cyane kuko ubwinshi bwayo mu mazi yo mu kidendezi ari <0.04%. Nubwo Desulfobacterota ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ingese, ibyago bigomba kuba bike cyane kuko ubwinshi bwayo mu mazi yo mu kidendezi ari <0.04%. Хотя Desulfobacterota, возможно, влияют на коррозию, риск джжен быть чрезвинаайно низким, поскольку и от относительное содержание воде бейна соверляет <0,04%. Nubwo Desulfobacterota ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ingese, ingaruka zigomba kuba nke cyane kuko ubwinshi bwayo mu mazi yo mu kidendezi ari <0.04%.尽管脱硫杆菌门可能影响腐蚀，但风险应该极低，因为它们在池水中的相对丰度 <0.04%。 <0.04%. Хотя тип Desulfobacillus может влиять на коррозию, риск джжен быть крайне низким, поскольку чит относительное содержание воде аййна соверляет <0,04%. Nubwo ubwoko bwa Desulfobacillus bushobora kugira ingaruka ku ingese, ingaruka zigomba kuba nke cyane kuko ubwinshi bwazo mu mazi yo mu kidendezi ari <0.04%.
RW na Air bigaragaza ingero z'amazi ava mu mazi yinjira n'aho amazi anyura, uko bikurikirana. Sediment-C, -E, -W ni ingero z'amazi aturuka hagati mu gice cyo hasi cy'ikibaya, ndetse no mu mpande z'iburasirazuba n'iburengerazuba. Metero 1, ukwezi 1; Metero 3, amezi 3; Metero 6, amezi 6; Metero 14, amezi 14; Metero 22, amezi 22; S, ASTM A283; SP, ASTM A109, imiterere 4/5; FC, ASTM A395; B, ASTM A179; 1C, icyuma 1% Cr; icyuma 3C, 2.25% Cr; icyuma 9C, icyuma 9% Cr; S6, icyuma 316; S8, icyuma 304 kidashonga.
Ku rwego rw'ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima, umubare munini gato (6–19%) wa bagiteri zitarashyirwa mu byiciro zo mu muryango wa Trichomonadaceae, kimwe na Neosphingosine, Pseudomonas, na Flavobacterium, wagaragaye mu bihe byose by'umwaka. Nk'ibice bito by'ingenzi, imigabane yabyo iratandukanye (Ishusho ya 1). . 7a na b). Mu migezi, ubwinshi bwa Flavobacterium, Pseudovibrio, na Rhodoferrobacter bwari bwinshi mu gihe cy'itumba gusa. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ingano nini ya Pseudovibrio na Flavobacterium yagaragaye mu mazi y'itumba yo mu kibaya. Bityo, udukoko two mu mazi twagiye duhinduka bitewe n'igihe cy'umwaka, ariko ntabwo twagize impinduka zikomeye mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi.
a Amazi yo kwinjira, b Amazi yo koga, c ASTM A283, d ASTM A109 ubushyuhe #4/5, e ASTM A179, f ASTM A395, g 1% Cr, h 2.25% Cr, na i 9% Cr icyuma, j Ubwoko bwa 316 n'icyuma kitagira umugese K-304.
Bagiteri za proteobateri zari zo zingenzi mu bipimo byose, ariko ubwinshi bwazo mu bipimo byangiritse bwaragabanutse uko ingese yagendaga ikura (Ishusho ya 6). Mu bipimo bya ASTM A179, ASTM A109 Ubushyuhe No. 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395 na 1% na 2.25% Cr, ubwinshi bwa bagiteri za proteobateri bwaragabanutse buva kuri 89.1%, 85.9%, 89.6%, 79.5%, 84.8%., 83.8% ni 43.3%, 52.2%, 50.0%, 41.9%, 33.8% na 31.3% uko bikurikirana. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ubwinshi bwa Desulfobacterota buriyongera buhoro buhoro kuva kuri <0.1% kugeza kuri 12.5–45.9% uko ingese ikomeza kwiyongera. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ubwinshi bwa Desulfobacterota buriyongera buhoro buhoro kuva kuri <0.1% kugeza kuri 12.5–45.9% uko ingese ikomeza kwiyongera. Напротив, относительное содержание Desulfobacterota постепенно увеличивается с <0,1% до 12,5-45,9% по мере развития коррозии. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ubwinshi bwa Desulfobacterota buriyongera buhoro buhoro kuva kuri <0.1% kugeza kuri 12.5–45.9% uko ingese ikomeza kwiyongera.相反，随着腐蚀的进展，脱硫杆菌的相对丰度从 <0.1% 逐渐增加到 12.5-45.9%。相反，随着腐蚀的进展，脱硫杆菌的相对丰度从 <0.1% Напротив, относительная численность Desulfobacillus постепенно увеличивалась с <0,1% до 12,5-45,9% по мере развития коррозии. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ubwinshi bwa Desulfobacillus bwariyongereye buhoro buhoro kuva kuri <0.1% kugera kuri 12.5–45.9% uko ingese yagendaga itera imbere.Bityo, uko ingese yagendaga itera imbere, Proteobactereira yasimbuwe na Desulfobacterota.
Mu buryo bunyuranye, biofilms ku byuma bitangiritse byari bifite igipimo kimwe cya bagiteri zitandukanye. Proteobacteria (29.4–34.1%), Planctomycetota (11.7–18.8%), Nitrospirota (2.9–20.9%), Acidobacteriota (8.6–18.8%), Bacteroidota (3.1–9.2%) na Chloroflexi (2.1–8.8%). Byagaragaye ko igipimo cya Nitrospirota mu byuma bitangiritse cyariyongereye buhoro buhoro (Ishusho ya 6). Ibi bipimo bisa n'ibiri mu byuma bitangiritse, bihuye n'igishushanyo cya PCoA kigaragara ku Ishusho ya 5a.
Mu byuma birimo 9% bya Cr, hagaragaye ubwoko bubiri bw’udukoko twa mikorobe: udukoko twa mikorobe tw’ukwezi 1 n’amezi 6 twari dusa n’utwo mu bipimo byo hasi by’amazi, mu gihe igipimo cya bagiteri za proteo mu bipimo bya corruption 3, 14, na 22 cyiyongereye cyane. Byongeye kandi, utu dukoko tubiri mu bipimo bya Cr bya 9% byahuye n’amatsinda yagabanyijemo ibice mu gice cya PCoA kigaragara ku ishusho ya 5c.
Ku rwego rw'ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima, hagaragaye utunyangingo turenze 2000 twa OTU turimo bagiteri zitaratangwa na archaea. Ku rwego rw'ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima, hagaragaye utunyangingo turenze 2000 twa OTU turimo bagiteri zitaratangwa na archaea.Ku rwego rw'ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima, hagaragaye ko hari udukoko two mu bwoko bwa OTU turenga 2000 dufite bagiteri zitaramenyekana na archaea.Ku rwego rw'ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima, hagaragaye ko hari ubwoko bwa OTUs zirenga 2000 zirimo bagiteri zitaramenyekana na archaea. Muri zo, twibanze kuri OTUs 10 zifite umubare munini muri buri gipimo. Ibi bingana na 58.7-70.9%, 48.7-63.3%, 50.2-70.7%, 50.8-71.5%, 47.2-62.7%, 38.4 -64.7%, 12.8-49.7%, 17.5-46.8% na 21.8-45.1% muri ASTM A179. , ASTM A109 Temp No. 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395, 1%, 2.25% na 9% Cr steels hamwe na Type 316 na -304 stainless steels.
Hari ingano nini y’udusimba twa monoliths twavuye muri chlorine dufite ubushobozi bwo gukaraba Fe (II) byagaragaye mu bipimo bya corruption nka ASTM A179, ASTM A109 Temp No. 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395 n’ibyuma bifite 1% na 2.25% Cr. mu ntangiriro ya corruption (ukwezi 1 n’amezi 3, Ishusho ya 7c-h). Igipimo cya Dechloromonas cyaragabanutse uko igihe cyagiye gihita, bihuye no kugabanuka kwa Proteobacteria (Ishusho ya 6). Byongeye kandi, ibipimo bya Dechloromonas muri biofilms ku bipimo bitangiritse ni <1%. Byongeye kandi, ibipimo bya Dechloromonas muri biofilms ku bipimo bitangiritse ni <1%. Кроме того, дя Дехлоромонас в биопленках на некорродированных обцах соверляет <1%. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cya Dechloromonas muri biofilms ku bipimo bitarangirika ni <1%.此外，未腐蚀样品的生物膜中脱氯单胞菌的比例 <1%。此外，未腐蚀样品的生物膜中脱氯单胞菌的比例 <1% Кроме того, дя Дехлоромонас в биопленке некорродированных обцов б а <1%. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cya Dechloromonas muri biofilm y'ibipimo bitarangirika cyari <1%.Kubwibyo, mu bintu bitera ingese, Dechloromonas ikunzwe cyane mu gihe cya mbere cyo kwangirika.
Mu buryo bunyuranye, muri ASTM A179, ASTM A109 yashyushye #4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395 n'ibyuma bifite 1% na 2.25% Cr, igipimo cy'ubwoko bwa SRB Desulfovibrio cyariyongereye nyuma y'amezi 14 na 22 (Ishusho ya 7c–h). Desulfofibrion yari nke cyane cyangwa ntiyabonetse mu ntangiriro za ruswa, mu bipimo by'amazi (Ishusho ya 7a, b) no muri biofilms zitari zangiritse (Ishusho ya 7j, j). Ibi bigaragaza cyane ko Desulfovibrio ikunda ibidukikije by'ibikomoka ku ibara ryakozwe, nubwo bitagira ingaruka ku ibara mu ntangiriro za ruswa.
Bagiteri zigabanya Fe (III) (RRB), nka Geobacter na Geothrix, zabonetse mu bicuruzwa byangiritse mu cyiciro cyo hagati cya ruswa (amezi 6 na 14), ariko igipimo cy'ibice bya nyuma (amezi 22) byangiritse kiri hejuru muri byo. Ni gito cyane (Ishusho ya 7c, eh). Ubwoko bwa Sideroxydans bufite imiterere ya oxidation ya Fe (II) bwagaragaje imyitwarire isa (Ishusho ya 7f), bityo igipimo cya FeOB, IRB, na SRB cyari kinini gusa mu bipimo byangiritse. Ibi bigaragaza cyane ko impinduka muri izi mikorobe zifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwa ruswa.
Mu byuma bifite 9% bya Cr byangiritse nyuma y'amezi 3, 14 na 22, hagaragaye umubare munini w'abagize umuryango wa Beggiatoacea (8.5–19.6%), bishobora kugaragaza ubushobozi bwo gukaraba sulfur, naho sideroxidans zagaragaye (8.4–13.7%) (Ishusho ya 1). ). 7i) Byongeye kandi, Thiomonas, bagiteri ikaraba sulfur (SOB), yabonetse mu mubare munini (3.4% na 8.8%) mu mezi 3 na 14. Mu buryo bunyuranye, bagiteri igabanya nitrati Nitrospira (12.9%) yabonetse mu mezi 6 y'amavuko itarangirika. Umubare wiyongereye wa Nitrospira nawo wagaragaye mu byuma bya biofilms ku cyuma cya stainless steel nyuma yo kwibiza (Ishusho ya 7j,k). Bityo, ubwoko bw'udukoko tw'ibyuma bya Cr bya 9% bitarangirika byari bisa n'ibiri mu byuma bya stainless steel. Byongeye kandi, ubwoko bwa mikorobe zifite 9% by'icyuma cya Cr cyangiritse mu mezi 3, 14 na 22 zitandukanye n'ibikomoka ku ibara rya karuboni n'ibyuma bya chromium nke n'ibyuma bya cast fer.
Ubusanzwe ingese itera buhoro mu mazi meza kurusha mu mazi yo mu nyanja kuko ubwinshi bwa iyoni za chloride bigira ingaruka ku ingese y'icyuma. Ariko, bimwe mu byuma bitagira umugese bishobora kwangirika mu mazi meza38,39. Byongeye kandi, MIC yabanje gukeka ko ibikoresho byangiritse byari byaragaragaye mbere mu kidendezi cy'amazi meza cyakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi. Mu bushakashatsi bw'igihe kirekire bwo kwibiza mu mazi, hagaragaye ubwoko butandukanye bwa ingese, ubwoko butatu bw'imiti itera imigera, n'impinduka mu miti itera imigera mu bicuruzwa byangiritse.
Uburyo amazi meza akoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi ni ikigega gifunze cy’amazi ya tekiniki yakuwe mu ruzi rufite imiterere ihamye y’ibinyabutabire n’impinduka mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bw’amazi kuva kuri dogere selisiyusi 9 kugeza 23. Kubwibyo, ihindagurika ry’ibihe mu miterere y’uturemangingo mu bipimo by’amazi rishobora kujyana n’impinduka mu bushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, itsinda ry’uturemangingo mu mazi y’ikigega ryari ritandukanye gato n’iryo mu mazi yinjira (Ishusho ya 5b). Amazi yo mu kigega ahora asimburwa bitewe n’uko amazi menshi yarenze inkombe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, DO yagumye kuri ~8.2 ppm ndetse no mu bujyakuzimu buri hagati y’ubuso bw’ikigega n’ubuso. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, ibidukikije by’ikigega bigomba kuba bidafite umwuka, kuko gituza kandi kikaguma hasi mu kigega, kandi ibimera bya mikorobe biri muri cyo (nka CRP) nabyo bigomba gutandukana n’ibimera bya mikorobe biri mu mazi (Ishusho ya 6). Kubera ko coupon ziri muri kigega zari kure y’ibice, zahuraga n’amazi meza gusa mu gihe cyo kwibiza mu gihe cyo kwibiza mu buryo bwo kwihuta.
Ingeso rusange ibaho mu byuma bya karuboni, icyuma gito cya chromium, n'icyuma gishongeshejwe mu mazi meza (Ishusho ya 1) kuko ibi bikoresho bidahangana n'ingeso mbi. Ariko, igipimo cya ingeso mbi (0.13 mm yr-1) mu mazi meza adahumeka cyari hejuru ugereranyije n'ubushakashatsi bwabanje40 (0.04 mm yr-1) kandi cyari kigereranywa n'igipimo cya ingeso mbi (0.02–0.76 mm yr-1) mu gihe hari udukoko 1) Kimwe n'ikirere cy'amazi meza40,41,42. Iki gipimo cya ngeso mbi cyihuta ni ikimenyetso cya MIC.
Byongeye kandi, nyuma y'amezi 22 yo kwibira mu mazi, ingese yagaragaye mu byuma byinshi munsi y'ibikomoka ku ngese (Ishusho ya 3). By'umwihariko, igipimo cya ngese cyagaragaye muri ASTM A179 cyihuta inshuro eshanu kurusha ingese rusange. Ubu buryo budasanzwe bwa ngese n'igipimo cya ngese cyihuta nabyo byagaragaye mu ngese zibera ku kintu kimwe. Bityo, kwibira mu mazi byakozwe muri ubu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ingese mu bikorwa.
Mu byuma byakoreweho ubushakashatsi, 9% by'icyuma cya Cr cyagaragaje ingese ikomeye cyane, gifite ubujyakuzimu bwa >1.2 mm, bishoboka ko ari MIC bitewe n'ingese yihuta n'uburyo budasanzwe bwo kunyerera. Mu byuma byakoreweho ubushakashatsi, 9% by'icyuma cya Cr cyagaragaje ingese ikomeye cyane, gifite ubujyakuzimu bwa >1.2 mm, bishoboka ko ari MIC bitewe n'ingese yihuta n'uburyo budasanzwe bwo kunyerera. С سەر исследованных баров сталь с 9% Cr показала наиболее сильную коррозию с глубиной коррозии> 1,2 mm, что, вероятно, является МИК из-за ускоренной коррозии һәм аномальний. Mu byuma byasuzumwe, icyuma gifite 9% Cr cyagaragaje ingese ikomeye cyane ifite ubujyakuzimu bwa ingese >1.2 mm, ishobora kuba ari MIC bitewe n’ingese yihuta ndetse n’uburyo budasanzwe bwa ngese.在所研究的金属中， 9% Cr 钢的腐蚀最为严重，腐蚀深度> 1,2 mm ，由于加速腐蚀和异常腐蚀形式，很可能是 MIC。在所研究的金属中， 9% С سەر исследованныхныов наиболее сильно корродировала сталь с 9% Cr, с глубиной коррозии> 1,2 мм, скорее всего, МИК из-за ускоренных и аномальных фор фаррозии. Mu byuma byakoreweho ubushakashatsi, icyuma gifite 9% Cr cyangiritse cyane, gifite ubujyakuzimu bwa milimetero >1.2, bishoboka cyane ko ari MIC bitewe n’uburyo bwa corruption bwihuta kandi budasanzwe.Kubera ko icyuma cya Cr 9% gikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi, imyitwarire yacyo yo kwangirika yari yasuzumwe mbere43,44 ariko nta MIC yigeze ivugwaho mbere kuri iki cyuma. Kubera ko udukoko twinshi, uretse utunyangingo twitwa hyperthermophiles, tudakora ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi (>100 °C), MIC mu cyuma cya 9% Cr ishobora kwirengagizwa muri bene ibyo bihe. Kubera ko mikorobe nyinshi, usibye hyperthermophiles, zidakora ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi (>100 °C), MIC mu cyuma cya Cr 9% ishobora kwirengagizwa muri bene ibyo bihe. Поскольку многие Мороганизми, за нюключением гипертермофилов, неактивны в визокотем наной среде (> 100 ° С), МИК в стали с 9% Cr в таких случаях можно не наитытыьь. Kubera ko udukoko twinshi, usibye hyperthermophiles, tudakora ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi (>100°C), MIC mu cyuma gifite 9% Cr ishobora kwirengagizwa muri bene ibyo bihe.由于除超嗜热菌外，许多微生物在高温环境 (> 100 ° C) 中不活跃，因此在这种情况下可以忽略 9% Cr 钢中的 MIC。 9% Cr 颃(>100 °C) Поскольку многие Мороганизми, кроме гипертермофилов, не проявляют активности в визокотем манных средах (> 100 ° С), МПК в стали с 9% Cr в чинном случае можно не кытытыь. Kubera ko mikorobe nyinshi, usibye hyperthermophiles, zidakora ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi (>100 °C), MIC mu cyuma gifite 9% Cr ishobora kwirengagizwa muri iki gihe.Ariko, iyo icyuma cya Cr 9% gikoreshejwe mu bushyuhe buringaniye, ingamba zitandukanye zigomba gufatwa kugira ngo MIC igabanye.
Imiterere itandukanye ya mikorobe n'impinduka zayo byagaragaye mu bubiko bw'ibintu bitarangirika no mu bicuruzwa byangiritse muri biofilms ugereranije n'amazi, hiyongereyeho kwangirika kwihuta (Ishusho ya 5-7), bigaragaza cyane ko kwangirika ari mikorobe. Ramirez n'abandi 13 batangaza ko hari intambwe eshatu z'impinduka (FeOB => SRB/IRB = > SOB) mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi mu gihe cy'amezi 6, aho hydrogen sulfide ikorwa na SRB ikungahaye ku bipimo bya kabiri ishobora kugira uruhare mu kongera SOB. Ramirez n'abandi 13 batangaza ko hari ihinduka ry'intambwe eshatu (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi mu gihe cy'amezi 6, ubwo hydrogen sulfide ikorwa na SRB ikungahaye ku bushobozi bwo kongera SOB. Ramirez et al.13 сообщают о трехэаптном переходе (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) в морской мырбной экос че в течение 6 месяцев, когда сероводород, обрующийся при вторичном ов обощщению SOB. Ramirez n'abandi 13 batangaza ko hari ihinduka ry'ibice bitatu (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi mu gihe cy'amezi 6, aho hydrogen sulfide ikomoka ku kongeramo SRB ishobora kugira uruhare mu kongeramo SOB. Ramirez 等人 13 报告了一个超过 6 个月的海洋微生物生态系统中的三步转变 (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) ，其中二次富集 SRB 产生的硫化氢可能最终有助于 SOB 的富集。Ramirez 等 人 13 报告 了 个 超过 6 个 月 海洋 微生物 生态 系统 的 转变 转变 转变 s s s s s s s s s s s r 最终 有助于 arira 的富集。 Ramirez et al.13 сообщили о трехступенчатом переходе (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) в морской матбной экос че в течение 6 месяцев, в котором сероводород, убующийся в раунчо воч способствовать обогщению SOB. Ramirez n'abandi 13 batangaje ko hari ihinduka ry'intambwe eshatu (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi mu gihe cy'amezi 6, aho hydrogen sulfide ikomoka ku kongeramo SRB ishobora kugira uruhare mu kongeramo SOB.McBeth na Emerson36 batangaje ko bashyize imbere ubukungu muri FeOB. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kwiyongera kwa FeOB mu gihe cyo kwangirika kw'ingufu byagaragaye muri ubu bushakashatsi, ariko impinduka za mikorobe hamwe n'uko kwangirika kw'ingufu byagaragaye muri karuboni na 1% na 2.25% by'ibyuma bya Cr n'icyuma gishongeshejwe mu mezi 22 ni FeOB => IRB = > SRB (Ishusho ya 7 na 8). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kwiyongera kwa FeOB mu gihe cyo kwangirika kw'ingufu byagaragaye muri ubu bushakashatsi, ariko impinduka za mikorobe hamwe n'uko kwangirika kw'ingufu byagaragaye muri karuboni na 1% na 2.25% by'ibyuma bya Cr n'ibyuma bishongeshejwe mu mezi 22 ni FeOB => IRB => SRB (Ishusho ya 7 na 8). Точно так же в этом исследовании наблюдается обощение FeOB на раннейдидии коррозии, но нббные изменения по мере прогрес човован коррозии, наблюдаемые в углеродистых и 1% и веч предвирляют собой FeOB => IRB => SRB (рис. 7 и 8). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, muri ubu bushakashatsi, kwiyongera kwa FeOB mu ntangiriro z'ingese kugaragara, ariko impinduka za mikorobe uko ingese igenda itera imbere, zigaragara muri karuboni na 1% na 2.25% by'ibyuma bya Cr n'ibyuma bishongeshejwe mu mezi 22, ni FeOB => IRB => SRB (Ishusho ya 7 na 8).同样，在本研究中观察到早期腐蚀阶段 FeOB 的富集，但在碳和 1% 和 2,25% Cr 钢以及超过 22 个月的铸铁中观察到的微生物随着腐蚀的进展而变化是 FeOB => IRB => SRB （图 7 和 8 ）。同样 ， 在 本 研究 观察 早期 腐蚀 阶段 feob 的 富集 ， 但 碳 和 和 1% 和 2.25% Cr 钢 超过 22 个 的 铸铁 中 到 的 EO 腐蚀 的 进展 而 变化 FEOB => IRB => SRB （图 7 和 8 ）。 О IRB => SRB (рис. 7 и 8). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kwiyongera kwa FeOB mu ntangiriro z'uburozi byagaragaye muri ubu bushakashatsi, ariko impinduka za mikorobe zagaragaye muri karuboni na 1% na 2.25% by'ibyuma bya Cr n'ibyuma bya cast mu mezi 22 zari FeOB => IRB => SRB (Ishusho ya 7 na 8).SRB zishobora kwirundanya byoroshye mu mazi yo mu nyanja bitewe n’ubwinshi bwa iyoni za sulfate, ariko ubwinshi bwazo mu mazi meza butinda bitewe n’ubwinshi bwa iyoni za sulfate. SRB yakunze kuvugwa ko 10, 12, 45.
karuboni na azote by’umwimerere binyuze mu mikorere y’ingufu zishingiye kuri Fe (II) zishingiye ku busharire bw’icyuma (uturemangingo dutukura [Dechloromonas sp.] n’icyatsi kibisi [Sideroxydans sp.]) na bagiteri zigabanya Fe (III) (uturemangingo tw’imvi [Geothrix sp. na Geobacter sp.]) mu ntangiriro z’ubusharire, hanyuma bagiteri zigabanya sulfate (SRP) na mikorobe zigabanya ubusharire bw’ibinyabuzima byongereye mu cyiciro cyo gukura cya ubusharire binyuze mu kurya ibintu by’ibinyabuzima byakusanyije. b Impinduka mu miterere y’udukoko ku byuma birwanya ubusharire. Uturemangingo tw’umuhondo, ubururu, umuhondo, n’umweru tugaragaza bagiteri zo mu miryango ya Comamonadaceae, Nitrospira sp., Beggiatoacea, n’izindi, uko bikurikirana.
Ku bijyanye n'impinduka mu muryango w'udukoko duto ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo kongera SRB, FeOB ni ingenzi mu ntangiriro z'uburozi, kandi Dechloromonas zishobora kubona ingufu zo gukura ziturutse kuri oxidation ya Fe (II). Udukoko duto dushobora kubaho mu buryo bw'ibice birimo ibice, ariko ntizikura cyane. Ariko, ikigega cyo kwibira cyakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi ni ikigega cyuzuye, gifite urujya n'uruza rwa 20 m3 / isaha, gikomeza gutanga ibice birimo ibice bito. Mu ntangiriro z'uburozi, iyoni za ferrous zirekurwa mu cyuma cya karuboni n'icyuma gishongeshejwe, naho FeOB (nka Dechloromonas) zigakoresha nk'isoko y'ingufu. Ingano ya karuboni, fosfeti na azote ikenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo dukure igomba kuba iri mu mazi mu buryo bw'ibintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima n'ibikomoka ku binyabuzima. Kubwibyo, muri iki gishanga cy'amazi meza, FeOB ibanza gukungahara ku buso bw'icyuma nka icyuma cya karuboni n'icyuma gishongeshejwe. Nyuma yaho, IRBs zishobora gukura no gukoresha ibintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima na okiside y'icyuma nk'isoko y'ingufu n'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, uko bikurikirana. Mu bintu byakuze byangiritse, ibintu bitagira umwuka woroshye birimo azote bigomba kubaho bitewe n’imikorere ya FeOB na IRB. Kubwibyo, SRB ishobora gukura vuba igasimbura FeOB na IRB (Ishusho ya 8a).
Vuba aha, Tang n'abandi bavuze ko icyuma kitagira umugese cya Geobacter cyagabanutse mu mazi meza bitewe no kwimura electron ziva mu cyuma zijya mu mikorobe46. Urebye EMIC, uruhare rwa mikorobe zifite imiterere ya EET ni ingenzi cyane. SRB, FeOB, na IRB ni zo mikorobe zikomeye mu bicuruzwa bya corruption muri ubu bushakashatsi, zigomba kugira imiterere ya EET. Kubwibyo, izi mikorobe zikora mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi zishobora kugira uruhare mu kwangirika binyuze muri EET, kandi imiterere y'umuryango wazo ihinduka bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa ionic uko ibicuruzwa bya corruption biremwa. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, umuryango wa mikorobe mu byuma bifite 9% Cr watandukanye n'ibindi byuma (Ishusho ya 8b). Nyuma y'amezi 14, uretse ubwiyongere bwa FeOB, nka Sideroxydans, SOB47Beggiatoacea, na Thiomonas nabyo byakungahaye (Ishusho ya 7i). Iri hinduka ritandukanye cyane n'iry'ibindi bikoresho bya corruption, nka carbon steel, kandi rishobora guterwa n'iyoni zikungahaye kuri chromium ishongeshejwe mu gihe cya corruption. Ikigaragara ni uko Thiomonas idafite gusa ubushobozi bwo gukaraba sulfur, ahubwo inafite ubushobozi bwo gukaraba Fe (II), sisitemu ya EET, hamwe no kwihanganira ibyuma bikomeye48,49. Bishobora kwiyongera bitewe n'imikorere ya oxidative ya Fe (II) cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho by'icyuma bitaziguye. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere, ubwinshi bwinshi bwa Beggiatoacea bwagaragaye muri biofilms kuri Cu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura biofilm budahoraho, bigaragaza ko izi bagiteri zishobora kuba zirwanya ibyuma by'uburozi nka Cu na Cr. Ariko, isoko y'ingufu Beggiatoacea ikenera kugira ngo ikure muri iki gishanga ntabwo izwi.
Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza impinduka mu miterere y’udukoko mu gihe cy’ingufu mu bidukikije by’amazi meza. Mu bidukikije bimwe, imiterere y’udukoko itandukanye mu bwoko bw’icyuma. Byongeye kandi, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwacu byemeza akamaro ka FeOB mu ntangiriro z’ingufu, kuko ingufu za mikorobe zishingiye ku butare zituma habaho ibidukikije bikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zikundwa n’utundi dukoko nka SRB. Kugira ngo hagabanuke MIC mu bidukikije by’amazi meza, FeOB na IRB bigomba kugabanywa.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi hakoreshejwe ibyuma icyenda kandi byatunganyijwemo ibice bya 50 × 20 × 1–5 mm (ubunini bw'icyuma cya ASTM 395 na 1%, 2.25% na 9% Cr: 5 mm; ubunini bwa ASTM A283 na ASTM A179: 3 mm). mm; ASTM A109 Temper 4/5 na Type 304 na 316 Stainless Steel, ubunini: 1 mm), hamwe n'imyobo ibiri ya 4 mm. Ibyuma bya chromium byasibwe hakoreshejwe sandpaper naho ibindi byuma bisibwe hakoreshejwe sandpaper 600 mbere yo kubijugunya. Ingero zose zashyizwemo ethanol ya 99.5%, zumutse kandi zipimirwa. Ingero icumi za buri cyuma zakoreshejwe mu kubara igipimo cya corrosion no gusesengura mikorobe. Buri ngero yashyizwe mu buryo bw'urwego hakoreshejwe inkoni za PTFE n'ibice bitandukanya (φ 5 × 30 mm, Ishusho y'inyongera ya 2).
Pisine ifite ingano ya metero kibe 1100 n'ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 4. Amazi yinjiraga yari 20 m3 h-1, amazi yarenze, kandi ubwiza bw'amazi ntibwahindukaga bitewe n'igihembwe (Ishusho y'inyongera ya 3). Ingazi y'icyitegererezo imanurwa ku nsinga y'icyuma ya metero 3 imanitse hagati mu kigega. Amatsinda abiri y'inzitiro yakuwe muri pisine mu mezi 1, 3, 6, 14 na 22. Ingero zavuye ku ngazi imwe zakoreshejwe mu gupima kugabanuka kw'ibiro no kubara igipimo cy'ingese, mu gihe ingero zavuye ku yindi ngazi zakoreshejwe mu gusesengura mikorobe. Ogisijeni yashongeshejwe mu kigega yapimwe hafi y'ubuso n'ubuso, ndetse no hagati, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima ogisijeni yashongeshejwe (InPro6860i, Mettler Toledo, Columbus, Ohio, muri Amerika).
Ibikoresho byangiritse n'ibinyabutabire byakuweho hakoreshejwe imashini isya pulasitiki cyangwa ihanagura hakoreshejwe ipamba, hanyuma bigasukurwa muri ethanol ya 99.5% hakoreshejwe ubwogero bwa ultrasonic. Ingero zashyizwe mu gikoresho cya Clark hakurikijwe ASTM G1-0351. Ingero zose zapimwe nyuma yo kumisha. Gerageza kubara igipimo cya corrosion (mm/umwaka) kuri buri gikoresho ukoresheje formula ikurikira:
aho K ari ikintu gihoraho (8.76 × 104), T ni igihe cyo kwigaragaza (h), A ni ubuso bwose (cm2), W ni igihombo cy'uburemere (g), D ni ubucucike (g cm–3).
Nyuma yo gupima ingero, amashusho ya 3D y'ingero nyinshi yabonetse hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi ya laser ya 3D (LEXT OLS4000, Olympus, Tokyo, Ubuyapani).