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Yerekana karuseli ya sisitemu eshatu icyarimwe. Koresha Utubuto na Ibikurikira kugirango unyuze mumashusho atatu icyarimwe, cyangwa ukoreshe utubuto twa slide kumpera kugirango wimuke unyuze mubice bitatu icyarimwe.
Mubidukikije byamazi meza, kwihuta kwangirika kwa karubone nicyuma kitagira umwanda bikunze kugaragara. Ubushakashatsi bwamezi 22 yo kwibira amazi meza bwakorewe hano hakoreshejwe ibyiciro icyenda byibyuma. Kwangirika kwihuse byagaragaye mu byuma bya karubone na chromium hamwe n’ibyuma, mu gihe mu byuma bidafite ingese nta ruswa igaragara yagaragaye na nyuma y’amezi 22. Isesengura ry’umuryango wa mikorobe ryerekanye ko mugihe rusange cyangirika, bagiteri ya Fe (II) -isukiza ikungahaye mugihe cyambere cyo kwangirika, bagiteri Fe (III) itera bacteri, mugihe cyiterambere rya ruswa, na bagiteri zigabanya sulfate, mugihe cyo kwangirika. icyiciro murwego rwanyuma rwibicuruzwa byangirika. Ibinyuranye na byo, bagiteri ya Beggiatocaea yari myinshi cyane mu byuma hamwe na 9% Cr ishobora kwangirika. Iyi miterere yabaturage ba mikorobe nayo yari itandukanye niyiri mumazi nicyitegererezo cyibimera. Rero, uko ruswa igenda itera imbere, umuryango wa mikorobe uhinduka cyane, kandi imbaraga ziterwa na mikorobe ziterwa na fer zitera ibidukikije bishobora gutungisha izindi mikorobe.
Ibyuma birashobora kwangirika no kwangirika bitewe nibintu bitandukanye bidukikije byumubiri nubumara nka pH, ubushyuhe hamwe nubushuhe bwa ion. Imiterere ya acide, ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na chloride yibanda cyane cyane kubora kwibyuma1,2,3. Microorganisme mubidukikije kandi byubatswe akenshi bigira ingaruka kumyambarire no kwangirika kwibyuma, imyitwarire igaragara muri ruswa ya mikorobe (MIC) 4,5,6,7,8. MIC ikunze kuboneka mubidukikije nk'imiyoboro yo mu nzu hamwe n'ibigega byo kubikamo, mu byuma, ndetse no mu butaka, aho bigaragara mu buryo butunguranye kandi bikura vuba. Kubwibyo, gukurikirana no kumenya hakiri kare MICs biragoye cyane, isesengura MIC rero ikorwa nyuma yo kwangirika. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe na MIC bwerekanwe aho bagiteri zigabanya sulfate (SRB) zagaragaye cyane mu bicuruzwa byangirika 9,10,11,12,13. Icyakora, ntiharamenyekana neza niba SRBs igira uruhare mu gutangiza ruswa, kubera ko kuyimenya bishingiye ku isesengura rya nyuma ya ruswa.
Vuba aha, usibye bagiteri ya iyode-okiside21, havuzwe ibinyabuzima bitandukanye byangiza fer, nka SRB14 yangiza fer, methanogène 15,16,17, bagiteri zigabanya nitrate18, bagiteri-oxyde oxyde19 na acetogens20. Mugihe cya laboratoire ya anaerobic cyangwa microaerobic, inyinshi muri zo zangiza zero-valent icyuma nicyuma cya karubone. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwabo bwo kwangirika bwerekana ko methanogène na SRBs byangiza ruswa byangiza ruswa ikura electroni ziva mubyuma bidafite agaciro ukoresheje hydrogène idasanzwe na cytochromes ya multiheme, 22,23. MIC igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: (i) imiti MIC (CMIC), ikaba ishobora kwangirika ku buryo butaziguye n’ibinyabuzima bikomoka kuri mikorobe, na (ii) amashanyarazi MIC (EMIC), bikaba byangirika biturutse ku gutakaza ibyuma bya elegitoroniki 24. EMIC yoroherezwa no kohereza electronique idasanzwe (EET) irashimishije cyane kuko mikorobe ifite imitungo ya EET itera kwangirika vuba kuruta mikorobe itari EET. Mugihe igisubizo kigabanya igipimo cya CMIC mubihe bya anaerobic ni umusaruro wa H2 ukoresheje kugabanya proton (H +), EMIC ikomoka kuri EET metabolism, idashingiye kumusaruro wa H2. Uburyo bwa EET mu binyabuzima bitandukanye bifitanye isano no gukora amavuta ya mikorobe ya selile na electrobiosynthesis 25,26,27,28,29. Kuberako imiterere yumuco kuri mikorobe yangirika itandukanye niyibidukikije, ntibisobanutse niba izi nzira za mikorobe zagaragaye zigaragaza ruswa mubikorwa. Kubwibyo, biragoye kubahiriza uburyo bwa MIC buterwa na mikorobe yangirika mubidukikije.
Iterambere rya tekinoroji ikurikirana ya ADN ryorohereje ubushakashatsi burambuye bwabaturage ba mikorobe mubidukikije ndetse nubukorikori, urugero, imyirondoro ya mikorobe ishingiye kuri 16S rRNA ikurikirana ikoresheje ibisekuru bishya byakoreshejwe mubijyanye na ecologiya mikorobe 30,31. , 32. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwa MIC bwashyizwe ahagaragara bufite ibisobanuro birambuye bya mikorobe mu butaka no mu nyanja 13,33,34,35,36. Usibye SRB, gutunganyiriza muri Fe (II) -isukiza (FeOB) na bagiteri ya nitrifingi mu ngero za ruswa, urugero FeOB, nka Gallionella spp. na Dechloromonas spp., na bacteri za nitrifing, nka Nitrospira, nazo zavuzwe. spp., muri Carbone hamwe nicyuma gitwara umuringa mubitangazamakuru byubutaka33. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu nyanja, ubukoloni bwihuse bwa bagiteri ya okiside ya fer yo mu byiciro bya Zetaproteobacteria na Betaproteobacteria imaze ibyumweru byinshi igaragara ku byuma bya karubone 36. Aya makuru yerekana uruhare rwibi binyabuzima muri ruswa. Nyamara, mubushakashatsi bwinshi, igihe cyamatsinda hamwe nubushakashatsi bigarukira, kandi bike bizwi kubyerekeranye nimbaraga za mikorobe mugihe cyo kwangirika.
Hano, dukora iperereza kuri MICs yicyuma cya karubone, ibyuma bya chromium, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, hamwe nicyuma dukoresheje ubushakashatsi bwibiza mumazi meza yo mu kirere hamwe namateka yibyabaye MIC. Ingero zafashwe mu mezi 1, 3, 6, 14 na 22 hanyuma hakorwa igipimo cyo kwangirika kwa buri cyuma na mikorobe. Ibisubizo byacu bitanga ubushishozi mubikorwa birebire byimikorere ya mikorobe mugihe cyangirika.
Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, ibyuma icyenda byakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi. Ingero icumi za buri bikoresho zashizwe muri pisine y'amazi meza. Gutunganya ubwiza bwamazi nuburyo bukurikira: 30 ppm Cl-, 20 mS m-1, 20 ppm Ca2 +, 20 ppm SiO2, umuvuduko 1 ppm na pH 7.4. Ubushuhe bwa ogisijeni yashonze (DO) munsi yurwego rwicyitegererezo bwari hafi 8.2 ppm kandi ubushyuhe bwamazi bwari hagati ya 9 na 23 ° C ibihe.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1, nyuma yukwezi 1 kwibizwa muri ASTM A283, ASTM A109 Imiterere # 4/5, ASTM A179, na ASTM A395 yangiza ibyuma, ibicuruzwa byangirika byirabura byagaragaye hejuru yicyuma cya karubone muburyo bwa ruswa rusange. Gutakaza ibiro by'ibi bigereranyo byiyongereye igihe (Imbonerahamwe y'inyongera 1) kandi igipimo cya ruswa cyari mm 0.13–0.16 ku mwaka (Ishusho 2). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ruswa rusange yagaragaye mu byuma bifite Cr nkeya (1% na 2,25%) hamwe na ruswa igera kuri 0.13 mm / yr (Ishusho 1 na 2). Ibinyuranyo, ibyuma bifite 9% Cr byerekana ruswa yabantu igaragara mubyuho byakozwe na gasketi. Igipimo cyangirika cyurugero ni mm 0,02 mm / mwaka, kikaba kiri hasi cyane ugereranije nicyuma hamwe na ruswa rusange. Ibinyuranyo, ibyuma bidafite ingese ubwoko-304 na -316 byerekana ko nta ruswa igaragara, hamwe nibipimo byangirika bya <0.001 mm y - 1. Ibinyuranyo, ibyuma bidafite ingese ubwoko-304 na -316 byerekana ko nta ruswa igaragara, hamwe nigipimo cyihuta cya <0.001 mm y - 1. Напротив, нержавеющие стали типов 304 и 316 не проявляют видимой коррозии, при э мат расаная скорость коррозии со курляет <0,001 mir / год. Ibinyuranyo, Ubwoko 304 na 316 ibyuma bitagira umwanda byerekana ko nta ruswa igaragara, hamwe nikigereranyo cyo kwangirika kwa <0.001 mm / yr.相比之下， 304 和 -316 型不锈钢没有显示出可见的腐蚀，估计腐蚀速率 <0.001 mm y - 1。相比之下， 304 和 -316 型不锈钢没有显示出可见的腐蚀，估计腐蚀速率 <0.001 mm y - 1。 Напротив, нержавеющие стали типа 304 и -316 не показали видимой коррозии с рас раной скоростью коррозии <0,001 mm / год. Ibinyuranye, andika 304 na -316 ibyuma bidafite ingese byerekanaga ko nta ruswa igaragara hamwe nigipimo cyangirika cya <0.001 mm / yr.
Herekanwa amashusho ya macroscopique ya buri sample (uburebure bwa mm 50 × ubugari bwa mm 20) mbere na nyuma yo kumanuka. Metero 1, ukwezi; Metero 3, amezi 3; Metero 6, amezi 6; Metero 14, amezi 14; Metero 22, amezi 22; S, ASTM A283; SP, ASTM A109, imiterere 4/5; FC, ASTM A395; B, ASTM A179; 1C, ibyuma 1% Cr; 3C ibyuma, 2,25% Cr ibyuma; ibyuma 9C, ibyuma 9% Cr; S6, 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese; S8, andika 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese.
Igipimo cya ruswa cyabazwe ukoresheje kugabanya ibiro nigihe cyo kwibiza. S. S8, andika 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese.
Ku mutini. 1 irerekana kandi ko ibicuruzwa byangirika byibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bya Cr bike hamwe nicyuma gitera imbere nyuma yo kwibizwa mumezi 3. Igipimo rusange cya ruswa cyagabanutse buhoro buhoro kugera kuri 0.07 ~ 0.08 mm / mwaka nyuma y'amezi 22 (Ishusho 2). Byongeye kandi, igipimo cyangirika cya 2,25% Cr ibyuma byari munsi gato ugereranije nizindi ngero zangiritse, byerekana ko Cr ishobora kubuza ruswa. Usibye kwangirika muri rusange, nk'uko ASTM A179 ibigaragaza, kwangirika kwaho byagaragaye nyuma y'amezi 22 hamwe n'ubujyakuzimu bwa 700 µm (Ishusho 3). Igipimo cya ruswa cyaho, kibarwa ukoresheje ubujyakuzimu bwigihe nigihe cyo kwibizwa, ni 0.38 mm / yr, byihuta inshuro 5 kurenza ruswa rusange. Igipimo cyo kwangirika kwa ASTM A395 gishobora gusuzugurwa kuko ibicuruzwa byangirika bidakuraho burundu igipimo nyuma y amezi 14 cyangwa 22 yo kwibizwa mumazi. Ariko, itandukaniro rigomba kuba rito. Byongeye kandi, ibyobo bito byinshi byagaragaye mu byuma bya chromium bike.
Ishusho yuzuye (umunzani wuzuye: mm 10) hamwe na ruswa ishobora kwangirika (umunzani wikigereranyo: 500 µm) ya ASTM A179 na 9% Cr ibyuma byimbitse ukoresheje microscope ya 3D ireba. Uruziga rutukura mu ishusho yuzuye rwerekana ruswa yapimwe. Reba neza ya 9% Cr ibyuma uhereye kuruhande rwerekanwe mubishusho 1.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo. 2, ku byuma bifite 9% Cr, nta ruswa yagaragaye mu mezi 3-14, kandi igipimo cya ruswa cyari zeru. Nyamara, kwangirika kwaho byagaragaye nyuma y'amezi 22 (Igishusho 3) hamwe na ruswa ya 0.04 mm / yr ibarwa ukoresheje kugabanya ibiro. Ubujyakuzimu bwaho bushobora kwangirika ni 1260 µm naho igipimo cya ruswa cyagereranijwe ukoresheje ubujyakuzimu hamwe nigihe cyo kwibiza (amezi 22) ni 0,68 mm / yr. Kuberako ingingo nyayo aho ruswa itangirira ntabwo izwi, igipimo cya ruswa gishobora kuba kinini.
Ibinyuranye, nta ruswa igaragara yagaragaye ku byuma bitagira umwanda na nyuma y'amezi 22 yibizwa. Nubwo uduce duto twijimye twagaragaye hejuru mbere yo kumanuka (Igishusho 1), zari zifatanije cyane kandi ntabwo zari ibicuruzwa. Kubera ko icyuma cyongeye kugaragara hejuru yicyuma nyuma yicyuma kivanyweho, igipimo cyangirika ni zeru.
Urutonde rwa Amplicon rwakozwe kugirango rwumve itandukaniro ningaruka zabaturage ba mikorobe mugihe cyibicuruzwa byangirika na biofilm hejuru yicyuma, mumazi no mubutaka. Byose byakiriwe 4.160.012, hasomwe 31.328 kugeza 124.183.
Ibipimo bya Shannon by'icyitegererezo cy'amazi yakuwe mu gufata amazi no mu byuzi byari hagati ya 5.47 na 7.45 (Ishusho 4a). Kubera ko amazi yinzuzi yagaruwe akoreshwa nkamazi yinganda, umuryango wa mikorobe urashobora guhinduka mugihe. Ibinyuranyo, icyerekezo cya Shannon cyibipimo byo munsi yubutaka byari hafi 9, bikaba bisumba cyane iby'amazi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, icyitegererezo cy’amazi cyari gifite ibipimo biri hasi bya Chao1 kandi byarebaga ibice by’imisoro ikora (OTUs) kuruta ibyitegererezo (Ishusho 4b, c). Iri tandukanyirizo rifite akamaro mu mibare (Ikizamini cya Tukey-Kramer; p-gaciro <0.01, Igishusho 4d), byerekana ko imiryango ya mikorobe mu byitegererezo by’imyanda igoye kuruta iyo mu mazi y’amazi. Iri tandukanyirizo rifite akamaro mu mibare (Ikizamini cya Tukey-Kramer; p-gaciro <0.01, Igishusho 4d), byerekana ko imiryango ya mikorobe mu byitegererezo by’imyanda igoye kuruta iyo mu mazi y’amazi. Эти различия статистически значимы (критерий Тукики-Крамера; значения p <0,01, рис. 4d), что указывает на то, что Мббные сообщества в оверцах донных отложений более сложч, чеч. Itandukaniro rifite akamaro mu mibare (ikizamini cya Tukey-Kramer; p agaciro <0.01, Igishusho 4d), byerekana ko mikorobe ziterwa na sima zigoye kuruta iz'amazi.Uke Tukey-Kramer 检验； p 值 <0.01 ，图 4d ），表明沉积物样本中的微生物群落比水样中的微生物群落更复杂。这些 差异 具有 统计学 uke tukey-kramer 检验 ； p 值 <0.01 ， 图 4d） 表明 沉积物样本 中 的 微生物 中 中 的 群落更。。。。。。。。。 群落更。。。。。。。。。 Эти различия были статистически значимыми (критерий Тюкики-Крамера; p-значение <0,01, рис. 4d), что позволяет предположить, что чакбные сообщества в оццх донных отли Iri tandukaniro ryari rifite imibare (Ikizamini cya Tukey-Kramer; p-agaciro <0.01, Igishusho 4d), byerekana ko mikorobe ziri mu ngero z’imyanda zigoye kuruta iz'amazi.Kubera ko amazi yo mu kibaya cyuzuye arengerwa buri gihe kandi imyanda igatura munsi yikibaya nta guhungabanya imashini, iri tandukaniro ryimiterere ya mikorobe rigomba kwerekana urusobe rwibinyabuzima mu kibaya.
icyerekezo cya Shannon, b Igenzura ryimikorere ya tagisi ikora (OTU), na c Chao1 yerekana gufata (n = 6) hamwe nibase (n = 5) Amazi, ubutayu (n = 3), ASTM A283 (S: n = 5), ASTM A109 Ubushyuhe # 4/5 (SP: n = 5), ASTM A179 (B: n = 5), ASTM A179 (B: n = 5) C. d p-indangagaciro kubipimo bya Shannon na Chao1 byabonetse ukoresheje ANOVA na Tukey-Kramer ibizamini byinshi byo kugereranya. Ibara ritukura ryerekana ibice hamwe na p-gaciro <0.05. Ibara ritukura ryerekana ibice hamwe na p-gaciro <0.05. Красные фоны предвляют п мат со значениями p <0,05. Ibara ritukura ryerekana bibiri hamwe na p-gaciro <0.05.红色背景代表 p 值 <0.05 的对。红色背景代表 p 值 <0.05 的对。 Красные фоны предвляют п мат с с p-значениями <0,05. Ibara ritukura ryerekana bibiri hamwe na p-gaciro <0.05.Umurongo uri hagati yagasanduku, hejuru no hepfo yagasanduku, hamwe na whiskers byerekana median, 25 na 75th centile, hamwe nibiciro ntarengwa kandi ntarengwa.
Ibipimo bya Shannon byerekana ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bya chromium bike, hamwe nicyuma gikozwe byari bisa n’ibyavuye mu mazi (Ishusho 4a). Ibinyuranyo, ibipimo bya Shannon byintangarugero zidafite ibyuma biruta cyane ibyuma byangirika (p-gaciro <0.05, Igishusho 4d) kandi bisa nibyavuye mubutaka. Ibinyuranyo, ibipimo bya Shannon byintangarugero zidafite ibyuma biruta cyane ibyuma byangirika (p-gaciro <0.05, Igishusho 4d) kandi bisa nibyavuye mubutaka. Напротив, инсысы Шеннона оцов из нержавеющей стали значительно вше, чем у корродированных сталей (значения p <0,05, рис. 4d), и анлачичны ин иш от отжжений. Ibinyuranye, ibipimo bya Shannon byerekana ibyuma bitagira umwanda biri hejuru cyane ugereranije nibyuma byangiritse (p-gaciro <0.05, Igishusho 4d) kandi bisa nibipimo byo kubitsa.相比之下，不锈钢样品的香农指数明显高于腐蚀钢的香农指数（ p 值 <0.05 ，图 4d ），与沉积物相似。相比之下，不锈钢样品的香农指数明显高于腐蚀钢的香农指数（ p 值 <0.05 ，图 4d ），与沉积物〸 Напротив, инг Шеннона оцов из нержавеющей стали был значительно вше, чем у корродированной стали (значение p <0,05, рис. 4d), как и у отложений. Ibinyuranye, icyerekezo cya Shannon cyerekana ibyuma bitagira umwanda cyari hejuru cyane ugereranije nicyuma cyangiritse (p agaciro <0.05, Igishusho 4d), nkuko byari byabitswe.Ibinyuranye, indangagaciro ya Shannon kumashanyarazi hamwe na 9% Cr yavuye kuri 6.95 kugeza 9.65. Izi ndangagaciro zari hejuru cyane mu ngero zidafite ingese mu mezi 1 na 3 ugereranije no mu ngero zangiritse ku mezi 6, 14 na 22 (Ishusho 4a). Byongeye kandi, ibipimo bya Chao1 kandi byarebaga OTU ya 9% Cr ibyuma biruta iby'icyitegererezo cyangiritse n’amazi kandi kiri munsi y’icyitegererezo kitarangiritse kandi cy’ibimera (Ishusho 4b, c), kandi itandukaniro rifite akamaro mu mibare (p-gaciro <0.01, Ishusho 4d). Byongeye kandi, ibipimo bya Chao1 kandi byarebaga OTU ya 9% Cr ibyuma biruta iby'icyitegererezo cyangiritse n’amazi kandi kiri munsi y’icyitegererezo kitarangiritse kandi cy’ibimera (Ishusho 4b, c), kandi itandukaniro rifite akamaro mu mibare (p-gaciro <0.01, Ishusho 4d).Byongeye kandi, Chao1 kandi yitegereje OTU yibyuma bifite 9% Cr biruta iby'icyitegererezo cyangiritse n'amazi kandi kiri munsi yicy'icyitegererezo kitangirika kandi kidafite ubutayu (Ishusho 4b, c), kandi itandukaniro rifite imibare ikomeye.(p-значения <0,01, рис. 4d). (p-gaciro <0.01, Ishusho 4d).此外， 9% Cr 钢的 Chao1 指数和观察到的 OTU 高于腐蚀样品和水样，低于未腐蚀样品和沉积物样品（图 4b ， c ），差异具有统计学意义（ p 值 <0.01 ，图 4d ）。此外 ， 9% CR 钢 Chao1 指数 和 观察 的 t rtu 高于 腐蚀 样品 水样 ， 低于 4b ， c） 差异 统计学 意义 p 值 <0.01 图 图 图 图 图 图 ， ， ， Кроме того, ин асс Chao1 и наблюдаемые OTU стали с содержанием 9% Cr были вше, чем у корродированных и водных орцов, и ниже, чем у некорродированных и осадочных вацик (рис). значимой (p- значение <0,01, рис. 4г). Byongeye kandi, indangagaciro ya Chao1 kandi yitegereza OTU ya 9% Cr ibyuma byari hejuru kurenza ibyitegererezo byononekaye n’amazi kandi biri munsi y’ibyitegererezo bitarangiritse kandi byimeza (Ishusho 4b, c), kandi itandukaniro ryari rifite imibare (p-agaciro <0.01, Ishusho 4d).Ibisubizo byerekana ko mikorobe itandukanye mubicuruzwa byangirika iri munsi ugereranije na biofilm ku byuma bitangirika.
Ku mutini. 5a yerekana Isesengura Rikuru Ry’isesengura (PCoA) rishingiye kuri UniFrac intera itaremereye kuri sample zose, hamwe n’amatsinda atatu akomeye yagaragaye. Imiryango mikorobe mucyitegererezo cyamazi yari itandukanye cyane nabandi baturage. Imiryango ya mikorobe mu bishanga nayo yarimo ibyuma bitagira umwanda, mugihe byari bikwirakwijwe mu ngero za ruswa. Ibinyuranye, ikarita yicyuma hamwe na 9% Cr igabanijwemo ibice bitangirika kandi byangiritse. Kubwibyo, abaturage ba mikorobe hejuru yicyuma nibicuruzwa byangirika bitandukanye cyane nibiri mumazi.
Isesengura nyamukuru rihuza isesengura (PCoA) rishingiye ku ntera ya UniFrac itaremereye mu ngero zose (a), amazi (b), n'ibyuma (c). Uruziga rugaragaza buri cluster. Inzira zigaragazwa n'imirongo ihuza ibihe by'icyitegererezo. Metero 1, ukwezi; Metero 3, amezi 3; Metero 6, amezi 6; Metero 14, amezi 14; Metero 22, amezi 22; S, ASTM A283; SP, ASTM A109, imiterere 4/5; FC, ASTM A395; B, ASTM A179; 1C, ibyuma 1% Cr; 3C ibyuma, 2.25% Cr ibyuma; ibyuma 9C, ibyuma 9% Cr; S6, 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese; S8, andika 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese.
Iyo itunganijwe uko ibihe byakurikiranye, ibibanza bya PCoA by'icyitegererezo cy'amazi byari muburyo buzengurutse (Ishusho 5b). Inzibacyuho yinzibacyuho irashobora kwerekana impinduka zigihe.
Byongeye kandi, habonetse amatsinda abiri gusa (yononekaye kandi adafite ingese) ku bibanza bya PCoA by'icyitegererezo cy'icyuma, aho (usibye ibyuma bya chromium 9%) byagaragaye ko ihinduka ry’umuryango wa mikorobe kuva ku mezi 1 kugeza ku ya 22 (Ishusho 5c). Byongeye kandi, kubera ko inzibacyuho mu ngero zangiritse zabaye nyinshi kuruta mu ngero zidafite ingese, hari isano hagati y’imihindagurikire y’imiterere ya mikorobe no gutera imbere kwangirika. Mu byuma by'icyuma hamwe na 9% Cr, hagaragaye ubwoko bubiri bwa mikorobe: amanota kumezi 1 na 6, aherereye hafi yicyuma kitagira umwanda, nandi (amezi 3, 14, na 22), aherereye ahantu hegereye ibyuma byangirika. Ukwezi 1 hamwe na coupons zikoreshwa mugukuramo ADN mumezi 6 ntabwo zangiritse, mugihe ama coupons kumezi 3, 14 na 22 yarangiritse (Ishusho yinyongera 1). Kubwibyo, abaturage ba mikorobe mu byitegererezo byangiritse byari bitandukanye n’amazi, imyanda, hamwe n’icyitegererezo kitangirika kandi byahindutse uko ruswa igenda itera.
Ubwoko nyamukuru bwimibereho ya mikorobe yagaragaye mubitegererezo byamazi ni Proteobacteria (30.1-73.5%), Bacteroidetes (6.3-48.6%), Planctomycetota (0.4–19.6%) na Actinobacteria (0 –17,7%), ubwinshi bwabo ugereranije nubwinshi bwamazi mumazi ya Bactero. Iri tandukaniro rishobora guterwa nigihe cyo gutura cyamazi mumazi yuzuye. Ubu bwoko bwagaragaye no mubutaka bwo hasi, ariko ubwinshi bwabyo butandukanye cyane nubw'amazi. Byongeye kandi, ibipimo bya Acidobacteriota (8.7–13.0%), Chloroflexi (8.1-10,2%), Nitrospirota (4.2-4.4%) na Desulfobacterota (1.5-4.4%)%) byari hejuru ugereranije n’amazi y’amazi. Kubera ko amoko hafi ya yose ya Desulfobacterota ari SRB37, ibidukikije mumyanda bigomba kuba anaerobic. Nubwo Desulfobacterota ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri ruswa, ibyago bigomba kuba bike cyane kuko ubwinshi bwabyo mumazi ya pisine ni <0.04%. Nubwo Desulfobacterota ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri ruswa, ibyago bigomba kuba bike cyane kuko ubwinshi bwabyo mumazi ya pisine ni <0.04%. Хотя Desulfobacterota, возможно, влияют на коррозию, риск джжен быть чрезвинаайно низким, поскольку и от относительное содержание воде бейна соверляет <0,04%. Nubwo Desulfobacterota ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri ruswa, ibyago bigomba kuba bike cyane kuko ubwinshi bwabyo mumazi ya pisine ari <0.04%.尽管脱硫杆菌门可能影响腐蚀，但风险应该极低，因为它们在池水中的相对丰度 <0.04%。 <0.04%。 Хотя тип Desulfobacillus может влиять на коррозию, риск джжен быть крайне низким, поскольку чит относительное содержание воде аййна соверляет <0,04%. Nubwo ubwoko bwa Desulfobacillus bushobora kugira ingaruka kuri ruswa, ibyago bigomba kuba bike cyane kuko ubwinshi bwabo mumazi ya pisine ari <0.04%.
RW na Air byerekana urugero rwamazi avuye mu gufata amazi no mu kibase. Ibimera-C, -E, -W ni urugero rwimyanda yakuwe hagati yikibaya, kimwe no muburasirazuba no muburengerazuba. Metero 1, ukwezi; Metero 3, amezi 3; Metero 6, amezi 6; Metero 14, amezi 14; Metero 22, amezi 22; S, ASTM A283; SP, ASTM A109, imiterere 4/5; FC, ASTM A395; B, ASTM A179; 1C, ibyuma 1% Cr; 3C ibyuma, 2.25% Cr ibyuma; ibyuma 9C, ibyuma 9% Cr; S6, 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese; S8, andika 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese.
Ku rwego rw'ubwoko, umubare muto (6–19%) wa bagiteri zidafite ibyiciro byo mu muryango wa Trichomonadaceae, ndetse na Neosphingosine, Pseudomonas, na Flavobacterium, byagaragaye mu bihe byose. Nkibice byingenzi byingenzi, imigabane yabo iratandukanye (Ishusho 1). . 7a na b). Mu ruzi, ubwinshi bwa Flavobacterium, Pseudovibrio, na Rhodoferrobacter bwari hejuru mu gihe cy'itumba gusa. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibintu byinshi bya Pseudovibrio na Flavobacterium byagaragaye mu mazi y'itumba yo mu kibaya. Niyo mpamvu, abaturage ba mikorobe mu byitegererezo by’amazi baratandukanye bitewe nigihembwe, ariko ntibahindutse cyane mugihe cyo kwiga.
amazi yo gufata, b Amazi yo koga, c ASTM A283, d ASTM A109 ubushyuhe # 4/5, e ASTM A179, f ASTM A395, g 1% Cr, h 2.25% Cr, na i 9% Cr ibyuma, j Ubwoko-316 nicyuma K-304.
Proteobacteria nizo zagize uruhare runini mu ngero zose, ariko ubwinshi bwazo mu ngero zangiritse bwagabanutse uko ruswa igenda itera (Ishusho 6). Mu ngero ASTM A179, ASTM A109 Ubushyuhe No 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395 na 1% na 2.25% Cr, ubwinshi bwa proteobacteria bwagabanutse buva kuri 89.1%, 85.9%, 89,6%, 79.5%, 84.8%. , 83.8% ni 43.3%, 52.2%, 50.0%, 41.9%, 33.8% na 31.3%. Ibinyuranye, ubwinshi bwa Desulfobacterota bwiyongera buhoro buhoro buva kuri <0.1% bugera kuri 12.5-45.9% hamwe niterambere rya ruswa. Ibinyuranye, ubwinshi bwa Desulfobacterota bwiyongera buhoro buhoro buva kuri <0.1% bugera kuri 12.5-45.9% hamwe niterambere rya ruswa. Напротив, относительное содержание Desulfobacterota постепенно увеличивается с <0,1% до 12,5-45,9% по мере развития коррозии. Ibinyuranye, ubwinshi bugereranije bwa Desulfobacterota bwiyongera buhoro buhoro buva kuri <0.1% bugera kuri 12.5-45.9% uko ruswa igenda itera.相反，随着腐蚀的进展，脱硫杆菌的相对丰度从 <0.1% 逐渐增加到 12.5-45.9%。相反，随着腐蚀的进展，脱硫杆菌的相对丰度从 <0.1% Напротив, относительная численность Desulfobacillus постепенно увеличивалась с <0,1% до 12,5-45,9% по мере развития коррозии. Ibinyuranye, ubwinshi bwa Desulfobacillus bwiyongereye buhoro buhoro buva kuri <0.1% bugera kuri 12.5-45.9% uko ruswa igenda itera.Rero, uko ruswa igenda itera, Proteobactereira yasimbuwe na Desulfobacterota.
Ibinyuranye, biofilm kumyuma idafite ingese irimo ibyuma bya bagiteri zitandukanye. Proteobacteria (29.4–34.1%), Planctomycetota (11.7–18.8%), Nitrospirota (2.9–20.9%), Acidobacteriota (8.6–18.8%), Bacteroidota (3.1-9.2%) na Chloroflexi (2.1–8.8%). Byagaragaye ko igipimo cya Nitrospirota mu byuma bidafite ingese byiyongereye buhoro buhoro (Ishusho 6). Iyi mibare isa niyiri mu byitegererezo by'imyanda, ihuye n'ikibanza cya PCoA cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 5a.
Mu byuma by'icyuma birimo 9% Cr, hagaragaye ubwoko bubiri bwa mikorobe: ukwezi kwa 1 n'amezi 6 mikorobe zisa n'iziri mu byitegererezo byo hasi, mu gihe igipimo cya proteobacteria mu ngero za ruswa 3, 14, na 22 cyiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara. amezi Wongeyeho, iyi miryango ibiri ya mikorobe mu byitegererezo bya 9% Cr byahujwe nuduce twagabanijwe mu kibanza cya PCoA cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 5c.
Kurwego rwubwoko,> 2000 OTU zirimo bagiteri zidashyizweho na archaea. Kurwego rwubwoko,> 2000 OTU zirimo bagiteri zidashyizweho na archaea.Kurwego rwubwoko, hagaragaye OTU zirenga 2000 zirimo bagiteri zitamenyekana na archaea.Ku rwego rw'ubwoko, hagaragaye OTU zirenga 2000 zirimo bagiteri zidasobanutse na archaea. Muri byo, twibanze kuri 10 OTU ifite abaturage benshi muri buri sample. Ibi bikubiyemo 58.7-70.9%, 48.7-63.3%, 50.2-70.7%, 50.8-71.5%, 47.2-62.7%, 38.4 -64.7%, 12.8-49.7%, 17.5-46.8% na 21.8-45.1% muri ASTM A179. , ASTM A109 Ubushyuhe No 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395, 1%, 2.25% na 9% Cr ibyuma hamwe nubwoko 316 na -304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda.
Umubare munini ugereranije na monoliths ya dechlorine hamwe na Fe (II) ya okiside yagaragaye mu ngero za ruswa nka ASTM A179, ASTM A109 Temp No 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395 hamwe nicyuma hamwe na 1% na 2,25% Cr. icyiciro cya mbere cyo kwangirika (ukwezi 1 n'amezi 3, Ishusho 7c-h). Umubare wa Dechloromonas wagabanutse igihe, ibyo bikaba bihuye no kugabanuka kwa Proteobacteria (Ishusho 6). Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, ibipimo bya Dechloromonas muri biofilm ku ngero zidafite ingese ni <1%. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, ibipimo bya Dechloromonas muri biofilm ku ngero zidafite ingese ni <1%. Кроме того, дя Дехлоромонас в биопленках на некорродированных обцах соверляет <1%. Mubyongeyeho, igipimo cya Dechloromonas muri biofilm ku ngero zidafite ingese ni <1%.此外，未腐蚀样品的生物膜中脱氯单胞菌的比例 <1%。此外，未腐蚀样品的生物膜中脱氯单胞菌的比例 <1% Кроме того, дя Дехлоромонас в биопленке некорродированных обцов б а <1%. Mubyongeyeho, igipimo cya Dechloromonas muri biofilm yikigereranyo kitarangiritse cyari <1%.Kubwibyo, mubicuruzwa byangirika, Dechloromonas ikungahaye cyane mugihe cyambere cyo kwangirika.
Ibinyuranye, muri ASTM A179, ASTM A109 yarakaye # 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395 hamwe nicyuma gifite 1% na 2,25% Cr, umubare wubwoko bwa SRB Desulfovibrio amaherezo wiyongereye nyuma y amezi 14 na 22 (Ishusho 7c - h). Desulfofibrion yari hasi cyane cyangwa ntiyagaragaye mugihe cyambere cyo kwangirika, mubitegererezo by'amazi (Igishusho 7a, b) no muri biofilm idafite ingese (Ishusho 7j, j). Ibi birerekana neza ko Desulfovibrio akunda ibidukikije byibicuruzwa byangiritse, nubwo bidafite ingaruka kubora mugihe cyambere cyo kwangirika.
Fe (III) -gutera bagiteri (RRB), nka Geobacter na Geothrix, wasangaga mubicuruzwa byangirika mugihe cyo hagati cyo kwangirika (amezi 6 na 14), ariko umubare wibyiciro bitinze (amezi 22) yo kwangirika ni byinshi muri bo. ugereranije ni bike (Ishusho 7c, eh). Ubwoko bwa Sideroxydans hamwe na Fe (II) okiside yerekanaga imyitwarire isa (Igicapo 7f), bityo igipimo cya FeOB, IRB, na SRB cyari hejuru gusa mubitegererezo byangiritse. Ibi birerekana neza ko impinduka muri iyi mikorobe zifitanye isano no kwangirika.
Mu byuma bifite 9% Cr byangirika nyuma y'amezi 3, 14 na 22, umubare munini w'abagize umuryango wa Beggiatoacea (8.5-19.6%) wagaragaye, ushobora kwerekana imiterere ya okiside ya sulfuru, kandi sideroxidans yagaragaye (8.4–13,7%) (Ishusho 1). ). 7i) Byongeye kandi, Thiomonas, bacteri ya sulfure oxyde (SOB), yabonetse ku mubare munini (3.4% na 8.8%) mu mezi 3 na 14. Ibinyuranye, bagiteri zigabanya nitrate Nitrospira (12.9%) zagaragaye mu mezi 6 y’icyitegererezo. Umubare wiyongereye wa Nitrospira wagaragaye no muri biofilm ku byuma bidafite ingese nyuma yo kwibira (Ishusho 7j, k). Rero, mikorobe zumuryango wamezi 1- n-amezi 6 zidafite ingese 9% Cr ibyuma byari bisa nibiri muri biofilm idafite ibyuma. Byongeye kandi, abaturage ba mikorobe ya 9% Cr ibyuma byangirika mumezi 3, 14 na 22 bitandukanye nibicuruzwa byangirika bya karubone hamwe nicyuma gito cya chromium hamwe nicyuma.
Iterambere rya ruswa mubisanzwe ritinda mumazi meza kuruta mumazi yinyanja kuko kwibumbira hamwe kwa ion chloride bigira ingaruka kumyuma yicyuma. Nyamara, ibyuma bimwe bidafite ingese birashobora kwangirika mubidukikije byamazi meza 38,39. Byongeye kandi, MIC yabanje gukekwa ko ibikoresho byangiritse byari byaragaragaye mbere muri pisine y'amazi meza yakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi. Mu bushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire cyo kwibiza, uburyo butandukanye bwo kwangirika, ubwoko butatu bwimiryango mikorobe, hamwe nimpinduka mumiryango mikorobe mubicuruzwa byangirika byagaragaye.
Ikigereranyo cy’amazi meza akoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi ni ikigega gifunze cy’amazi ya tekiniki yakuwe mu ruzi rufite imiterere ihamye y’imiti ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe by’ubushyuhe bw’amazi kuva kuri 9 kugeza 23 ° C. Kubwibyo, ihindagurika ryibihe mu baturage ba mikorobe mu byitegererezo by’amazi birashobora kuba bifitanye isano n’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, umuryango wa mikorobe mu mazi ya pisine wari utandukanye cyane n’amazi yinjira (Ishusho 5b). Amazi yo muri pisine ahora asimburwa kubera kurengerwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, DO yagumye kuri ~ 8.2 ppm ndetse no mubwimbye hagati hagati yibase na hepfo. Ibinyuranye na byo, ibidukikije by’imyanda bigomba kuba anaerobic, kubera ko ituye kandi ikaguma munsi y’ikigega, kandi ibimera bya mikorobe birimo (nka CRP) nabyo bigomba gutandukana n’ibimera bya mikorobe biri mu mazi (Ishusho 6). Kubera ko ama coupons yo muri pisine yari kure y’imyanda, bahuye n’amazi meza gusa mugihe cyo kwiga kwibiza mu kirere.
Ruswa rusange iboneka mubyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bya chromium nkeya, hamwe nicyuma gitera mumazi meza (Ishusho 1) kuko ibyo bikoresho ntabwo birwanya ruswa. Nyamara, igipimo cya ruswa (0,13 mm yr-1) mugihe cyamazi meza ya abiotic cyari hejuru ugereranije nubushakashatsi bwabanje40 (0,04 mm yr-1) kandi byagereranijwe nigipimo cya ruswa (0.02–0,76 mm yr-1) imbere ya mikorobe 1) Bisa nubuzima bwamazi meza 40,41,42. Iki gipimo cyihuta cyangirika nikintu kiranga MIC.
Byongeye kandi, nyuma y’amezi 22 yo kwibizwa, kwangirika kwaho byagaragaye mu byuma byinshi munsi y’ibicuruzwa byangirika (Ishusho 3). By'umwihariko, igipimo cya ruswa cyagaragaye muri ASTM A179 cyihuta inshuro eshanu kuruta ruswa. Ubu buryo budasanzwe bwo kwangirika no kwihuta kwangirika kwaragaragaye no muri ruswa igaragara ku kintu kimwe. Rero, kwibiza bikorwa muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekana kwangirika mubikorwa.
Mu byuma byizewe, 9% Cr ibyuma byerekanaga ruswa ikabije, hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwa mm 1,2 mm, bikaba bishoboka ko MIC kubera kwangirika kwihuse nuburyo budasanzwe bwo kwangirika. Mu byuma byizewe, 9% Cr ibyuma byerekanaga ruswa ikabije, hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwa mm 1,2 mm, bikaba bishoboka ko MIC kubera kwangirika kwihuse nuburyo budasanzwe bwo kwangirika. С سەر исследованных баров сталь с 9% Cr показала наиболее сильную коррозию с глубиной коррозии> 1,2 mm, что, вероятно, является МИК из-за ускоренной коррозии һәм аномальний. Mu byuma byasuzumwe, ibyuma bifite 9% Cr byerekanaga ruswa ikabije ifite ubujyakuzimu bwa ruswa> 1,2 mm, birashoboka ko ari MIC kubera kwangirika kwihuse nuburyo budasanzwe bwo kwangirika.在所研究的金属中， 9% Cr 钢的腐蚀最为严重，腐蚀深度> 1,2 mm ，由于加速腐蚀和异常腐蚀形式，很可能是 MIC。在所研究的金属中， 9% С سەر исследованныхныов наиболее сильно корродировала сталь с 9% Cr, с глубиной коррозии> 1,2 мм, скорее всего, МИК из-за ускоренных и аномальных фор фаррозии. Mu byuma byizewe, ibyuma bifite 9% Cr byangirika cyane, hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwa> 1,2 mm, bishoboka cyane MIC kubera uburyo bwihuse kandi budasanzwe bwo kwangirika.Kuberako 9% Cr ibyuma bikoreshwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, imyitwarire ya ruswa yarigishijwe mbere 43,44 ariko nta MIC yigeze ivugwa kubwiki cyuma. Nka mikorobe myinshi, usibye hyperthermophile, idakora mubushyuhe bwo hejuru (> 100 ° C), MIC muri 9% Cr ibyuma birashobora kwirengagizwa mubihe nkibi. Nka mikorobe myinshi, usibye hyperthermophile, idakora mubushyuhe bwo hejuru (> 100 ° C), MIC muri 9% Cr ibyuma birashobora kwirengagizwa mubihe nkibi. Поскольку многие Мороганизми, за нюключением гипертермофилов, неактивны в визокотем наной среде (> 100 ° С), МИК в стали с 9% Cr в таких случаях можно не наитытыьь. Kubera ko mikorobe nyinshi, usibye hyperthermophile, zidakora mubushyuhe bwo hejuru (> 100 ° C), MIC mubyuma hamwe na 9% Cr irashobora kwirengagizwa mubihe nkibi.由于除超嗜热菌外，许多微生物在高温环境 (> 100 ° C) 中不活跃，因此在这种情况下可以忽略 9% Cr 钢中的 MIC。 9% Cr 颃 (> 100 ° C) Поскольку многие Мороганизми, кроме гипертермофилов, не проявляют активности в визокотем манных средах (> 100 ° С), МПК в стали с 9% Cr в чинном случае можно не кытытыь. Kubera ko mikorobe nyinshi, usibye hyperthermophile, zitagaragaza ibikorwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru (> 100 ° C), MIC mubyuma hamwe na 9% Cr irashobora kwirengagizwa muriki kibazo.Ariko, mugihe 9% Cr ibyuma bikoreshwa mubushyuhe buringaniye, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zitandukanye kugirango MIC igabanuke.
Imiryango itandukanye ya mikorobe nimpinduka zayo byagaragaye mububiko bwibintu bitangirika no mubicuruzwa byangirika muri biofilm ugereranije n’amazi, usibye kwangirika kwihuse (Ishusho 5-7), byerekana neza ko iyi ruswa ari mikoro. Ramirez et al.13 raporo yinzibacyuho yintambwe 3 (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) muri ecosystem ya mikorobe yo mu nyanja hejuru ya mo mo, aho hydrogène sulfide ikorwa na SRB ikungahaye kuri kabiri irashobora kugira uruhare mukuzamura SOB. Ramirez et al.13 raporo yinzibacyuho yintambwe 3 (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) muri ecosystem ya mikorobe yo mu nyanja hejuru ya mo mo, mugihe hydrogène sulfide ikorwa na SRB ikungahaye kuri kabiri irashobora kugira uruhare mukuzamura SOB. Ramirez et al.13 сообщают о трехэаптном переходе (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) в морской мырбной экос че в течение 6 месяцев, когда сероводород, обрующийся при вторичном ов обощщению SOB. Ramirez et al.13 batanga raporo y'inzibacyuho y'ibyiciro bitatu (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) muri ecosystem ya mikorobe yo mu nyanja mugihe cyamezi 6, aho hydrogène sulfide ikomoka kumitungo ya SRB ikungahaye amaherezo irashobora kugira uruhare mubutunzi bwa SOB. Ramirez 等人 13 报告了一个超过 6 个月的海洋微生物生态系统中的三步转变 (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) ，其中二次富集 SRB 产生的硫化氢可能最终有助于 SOB 的富集。Ramirez 等 人 13 报告 了 个 超过 超过 6 个 月 海洋 微生物 生态 系统 的 三 转变 s s s s s s s s s s s s r r b b b Ramirez et al.13 сообщили о трехступенчатом переходе (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) в морской матбной экос че в течение 6 месяцев, в котором сероводород, убующийся в раунчо воч способствовать обогщению SOB. Ramirez et al.13 yatangaje ko hari intambwe eshatu (FeOB => SRB / IRB => SOB) muri ecosystem ya mikorobe yo mu nyanja mugihe cyamezi 6, aho hydrogène sulfide ikomoka mubutunzi bwa SRB bwa kabiri ishobora kugira uruhare mukuzamura SOB.McBeth na Emerson36 bavuze ko ubutunzi bwibanze muri FeOB. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubutunzi bwa FeOB mugihe cyambere cyo kwangirika bugaragara muri ubu bushakashatsi, ariko impinduka za mikorobe hamwe niterambere rya ruswa igaragara muri karubone na 1% na 2,25% ibyuma bya Cr hamwe nicyuma hejuru ya 22 mo ni FeOB => IRB => SRB (Ishusho 7 na 8). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubutunzi bwa FeOB mugihe cyambere cyo kwangirika bugaragara muri ubu bushakashatsi, ariko impinduka za mikorobe hamwe niterambere rya ruswa igaragara muri karubone na 1% na 2,25% ibyuma bya Cr hamwe nicyuma hejuru ya 22 mo ni FeOB => IRB => SRB (Ishusho 7 na 8). Точно так же в этом исследовании наблюдается обощение FeOB на раннейдидии коррозии, но нббные изменения по мере прогрес човован коррозии, наблюдаемые в углеродистых и 1% и веч предвирляют собой FeOB => IRB => SRB (рис. 7 и 8). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, muri ubu bushakashatsi gukungahaza muri FeOB hakiri kare kwangirika kugaragara, ariko impinduka za mikorobe uko ruswa igenda itera imbere, igaragara muri karubone na 1% na 2.25% ibyuma bya Cr hamwe nicyuma mu mezi 22, ni FeOB => IRB => SRB (Ishusho 7 na 8).同样，在本研究中观察到早期腐蚀阶段 FeOB 的富集，但在碳和 1% 和 2,25% Cr 钢以及超过 22 个月的铸铁中观察到的微生物随着腐蚀的进展而变化是 FeOB => IRB => SRB （图 7 和 8 ）。同样 ， 在 本 研究 观察 早期 腐蚀 阶段 feob 的 富集 ， 但 碳 和 和 1% 和 2.25% Cr 钢 超过 22 个 的 铸铁 中 到 的 EO 腐蚀 的 进展 而 变化 FEOB => IRB => SRB （图 7 和 8 ）。 О IRB => SRB (рис. 7 и 8). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubutunzi bwa FeOB mubyiciro byambere bya ruswa byagaragaye muri ubu bushakashatsi, ariko impinduka za mikorobe zagaragaye muri karubone na 1% na 2,25% ibyuma bya Cr hamwe nicyuma mu mezi 22 ni FeOB => IRB => SRB (Ishusho 7 na 8).SRBs irashobora kwiyegeranya byoroshye mumazi yinyanja bitewe nubushuhe bwa sulfate ion nyinshi, ariko gutunganyirizwa kwayo mumazi meza biratinda nubushuhe buke bwa sulfate. Gutungisha SRB mu mazi yo mu nyanja byavuzwe kenshi10,12,45.
karubone kama na azote ikoresheje Fe (II) -bishingiye ku mbaraga ziterwa na metabolism fer oxyde (umutuku [Dechloromonas sp.] hamwe nicyatsi kibisi [Sideroxydans sp.] selile na Fe (III) bigabanya bagiteri (selile gray [Geothrix sp. na Geobacter sp. ibinyabuzima byegeranijwe. b Impinduka mumiryango mikorobe kumyuma irwanya ruswa. Violet, ubururu, umuhondo, na selile byerekana bagiteri zo mumiryango Comamonadaceae, Nitrospira sp., Beggiatoacea, nabandi.
Kubyerekeranye nimpinduka mumuryango wa mikorobe no gutunganyiriza SRB, FeOB ningirakamaro mugihe cyambere cyo kwangirika, kandi Dechloromonas irashobora kubona imbaraga zo gukura kwayo muri okiside ya Fe (II). Microorganismes irashobora kubaho mubitangazamakuru birimo ibintu byerekana ibimenyetso, ariko ntibizakura cyane. Nyamara, pisine ikoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi ni ikibase cyuzuye, gifite umuvuduko wa 20 m3 / h, uhora utanga ibintu birimo ibintu birimo ion organique. Mugihe cyambere cyo kwangirika, ion ferrous irekurwa mubyuma bya karubone hamwe nicyuma, kandi FeOBs (nka Dechloromonas) irabikoresha nkisoko yingufu. Kurikirana urugero rwa karubone, fosifate na azote ikenerwa kugirango imikurire ikure igomba kuba iri mumazi atunganijwe muburyo bwibinyabuzima na organic organique. Kubwibyo, muri ibi bidukikije byamazi meza, FeOB yabanje gukungahazwa hejuru yicyuma nkicyuma cya karubone nicyuma. Ibikurikira, IRBs irashobora gukura no gukoresha ibintu kama na okiside ya fer nkisoko yingufu hamwe niyakira rya electron. Mu bicuruzwa byangirika bikuze, imiterere ya anaerobic ikungahaye kuri azote igomba gushirwaho kubera metabolism ya FeOB na IRB. Kubwibyo, SRB irashobora gukura vuba no gusimbuza FeOB na IRB (Ishusho 8a).
Vuba aha, Tang n'abandi. byavuzwe ko kwangirika kwicyuma cyakozwe na Geobacter ferroreducens mubidukikije byamazi meza kubera kohereza electroni kuva muri fer ikajya muri mikorobe46. Urebye EMIC, uruhare rwa mikorobe ifite imitungo ya EET ni ngombwa. SRB, FeOB, na IRB nubwoko nyamukuru bwa mikorobe mubicuruzwa byangirika muri ubu bushakashatsi, bigomba kugira ibiranga EET. Kubwibyo, izo mikorobe ikora amashanyarazi irashobora kugira uruhare mu kwangirika binyuze muri EET, kandi imiterere yabaturage babo ihinduka bitewe nubwoko butandukanye bwa ionic nkibicuruzwa byangirika. Ibinyuranye na byo, umuryango wa mikorobe mu byuma hamwe na 9% Cr wari utandukanye nandi mashanyarazi (Ishusho 8b). Nyuma y'amezi 14, usibye gukungahaza hamwe na FeOB, nka Sideroxydans, SOB47Beggiatoacea, na Thiomonas na bo barakungahajwe (Ishusho 7i). Ihinduka ritandukanye cyane nibindi bikoresho byangirika, nk'ibyuma bya karubone, kandi birashobora guterwa na ion ikungahaye kuri chromium yashonga mugihe cya ruswa. Ikigaragara ni uko Thiomonas idafite imiterere ya okiside ya sulferi gusa, ahubwo ifite na okiside ya Fe (II), sisitemu ya EET, hamwe no kwihanganira ibyuma biremereye 48,49. Birashobora gukungahazwa kubera ibikorwa bya okiside ya Fe (II) na / cyangwa gukoresha ibyuma bya electroni. Mu bushakashatsi bwabanjirije iki, ubwinshi bwa Beggiatoacea bwagaragaye muri biofilm kuri Cu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukurikirana biofilm idahagarara, byerekana ko izo bagiteri zishobora kwihanganira ubutare bw’ubumara nka Cu na Cr. Nyamara, isoko yingufu zikenewe na Beggiatoacea kugirango ikure muri ibi bidukikije ntabwo izwi.
Ubu bushakashatsi buvuga impinduka mu baturage ba mikorobe mugihe cyangirika mumazi meza. Mubidukikije bimwe, abaturage ba mikorobe batandukanye muburyo bwicyuma. Byongeye kandi, ibisubizo byacu byemeza akamaro ka FeOB mugihe cyambere cyo kwangirika, kuko imbaraga ziterwa na mikorobe ziterwa na mikorobe itera imbaraga zo gushiraho ibidukikije bikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zitoneshwa n’ibindi binyabuzima nka SRB. Kugirango ugabanye MIC mubidukikije byamazi meza, gutunganya FeOB na IRB bigomba kuba bike.
Ibyuma icyenda byakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi kandi bitunganyirizwa mu bice bya 50 × 20 × 1-5 mm (uburebure bwa ASTM 395 ibyuma na 1%, 2.25% na 9% Cr: 5 mm; uburebure bwa ASTM A283 na ASTM A179: 3 mm). mm; ASTM A109 Ubushyuhe 4/5 hanyuma wandike 304 na 316 Icyuma kitagira umuyonga, uburebure: 1mm), hamwe nu mwobo wa 4mm. Ibyuma bya Chromium byasizwe hamwe na sandpaper hamwe nibindi byuma byasizwe hamwe na 600 grit sandpaper mbere yo kwibira. Ibyitegererezo byose byashizwemo Ethanol 99.5%, byumye kandi bipima. Ingero icumi za buri cyuma zakoreshejwe mukubara igipimo cya ruswa no gusesengura mikorobe. Buri cyitegererezo cyashyizwe muburyo bwurwego hamwe ninkoni za PTFE hamwe nicyogajuru (φ 5 × 30 mm, Ishusho yinyongera).
Ikidendezi gifite ubunini bwa metero kibe 1100 n'uburebure bwa metero 4. Amazi yatembye yari 20 m3 h-1, amazi arenga arekurwa, kandi ubwiza bw’amazi ntabwo bwahindutse uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana (Ishusho yinyongera 3). Urwego ntangarugero rwamanuwe hejuru yicyuma cya m 3 cyahagaritswe hagati yikigega. Amaseti abiri yakuwe muri pisine mumezi 1, 3, 6, 14 na 22. Ingero ziva mu ntera imwe zakoreshejwe mu gupima ibiro no kubara igipimo cya ruswa, mu gihe ingero ziva ku rundi rwego zakoreshejwe mu gusesengura mikorobe. Umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga mu kigega cyo kwibiza wapimwe hafi y’ubutaka no hepfo, ndetse no hagati, ukoresheje sensor ya ogisijeni yashonze (InPro6860i, Mettler Toledo, Columbus, Ohio, Amerika).
Ibicuruzwa byangirika hamwe na biofilm ku byitegererezo byavanyweho hifashishijwe ibishishwa bya pulasitike cyangwa bihanagura ipamba, hanyuma bisukurwa muri Ethanol 99.5% ukoresheje ubwogero bwa ultrasonic. Ingero zashizwe mumuti wa Clark ukurikije ASTM G1-0351. Ingero zose zapimwe nyuma yo gukama. Kubara igipimo cya ruswa (mm / yr) kuri buri sample ukoresheje formula ikurikira:
aho K ihoraho (8,76 × 104), T ni igihe cyo kwerekana (h), A ni ubuso bwuzuye (cm2), W ni igihombo kinini (g), D ni ubucucike (g cm - 3).
Nyuma yo gupima ibyitegererezo, amashusho ya 3D yintangarugero yabonetse hakoreshejwe microscope ya 3D yo gupima (LEXT OLS4000, Olympus, Tokiyo, Ubuyapani).