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Hauv cov chaw dej qab zib, feem ntau pom muaj kev xeb sai ntawm cov hlau carbon thiab stainless hlau. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev dhia dej hauv lub tank dej qab zib 22 lub hlis tau ua nyob ntawm no siv cuaj qib hlau. Kev xeb sai tau pom nyob rau hauv cov hlau carbon thiab chromium thiab cov hlau cam khwb cia, thaum nyob rau hauv cov hlau stainless hlau tsis pom kev xeb txawm tias tom qab 22 lub hlis. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov zej zog microbial tau qhia tias thaum lub sijhawm xeb dav dav, Fe (II) -oxidizing bacteria tau nplua nuj nyob rau theem thaum ntxov ntawm kev xeb, Fe (III) -txo cov kab mob, ntawm theem ntawm kev txhim kho corrosion, thiab sulfate-txo cov kab mob, ntawm theem corrosion. theem nyob rau theem kawg ntawm cov khoom xeb. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, Beggiatocaea bacteria muaj ntau heev hauv cov hlau nrog 9% Cr raug rau kev xeb hauv zos. Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov zej zog microbial kuj txawv ntawm cov neeg hauv cov dej thiab cov qauv hauv qab av. Yog li, thaum kev xeb nce qib, cov zej zog microbial raug kev hloov pauv loj heev, thiab cov metabolism ntawm cov hlau-nyob ntawm microbial tsim ib puag ncig uas tuaj yeem nplua nuj lwm cov kab mob me me.
Cov hlau tuaj yeem lwj thiab xeb vim muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev xws li pH, kub thiab ion concentration. Cov xwm txheej acidic, kub siab thiab chloride concentration tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam rau qhov xeb ntawm cov hlau1,2,3. Cov kab mob me me hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig ntuj thiab tsim feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev hnav thiab xeb ntawm cov hlau, tus cwj pwm qhia hauv microbial corrosion (MIC)4,5,6,7,8. MIC feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig xws li cov kav dej sab hauv tsev thiab cov thoob dej cia khoom, hauv cov qhov tawg hlau, thiab hauv av, qhov twg nws tshwm sim sai sai thiab loj hlob sai. Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas thiab kev tshawb pom thaum ntxov ntawm MICs yog qhov nyuaj heev, yog li kev tshuaj xyuas MIC feem ntau yog ua tom qab xeb. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb MIC tau tshaj tawm tias cov kab mob sulfate-txo (SRB) feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom xeb9,10,11,12,13. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsis meej tias SRBs puas pab txhawb rau qhov pib ntawm xeb, vim lawv qhov kev tshawb pom yog raws li kev tshuaj xyuas tom qab xeb.
Tsis ntev los no, ntxiv rau cov kab mob iodine-oxidizing21, ntau yam kab mob me me uas ua rau hlau puas tsuaj tau raug tshaj tawm, xws li SRB14 uas ua rau hlau puas tsuaj, methanogens15,16,17, nitrate-txo cov kab mob18, cov kab mob me me uas ua rau hlau puas tsuaj19 thiab acetogens20. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw kuaj mob anaerobic lossis microaerobic, feem ntau ntawm lawv ua rau hlau thiab carbon hlau puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov txheej txheem ua rau xeb qhia tias cov hlau-corrosive methanogens thiab SRBs txhawb kev xeb los ntawm kev sau cov electrons los ntawm null-valent hlau siv cov extracellular hydrogenases thiab multiheme cytochromes, feem22,23. MICs raug muab faib ua ob hom: (i) tshuaj MIC (CMIC), uas yog kev xeb tsis ncaj qha los ntawm cov kab mob tsim tawm, thiab (ii) hluav taws xob MIC (EMIC), uas yog kev xeb ncaj qha los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlau24. EMIC uas tau pab los ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob sab nraud (EET) yog qhov txaus siab heev vim tias cov kab mob me me uas muaj cov khoom EET ua rau xeb sai dua li cov kab mob me me uas tsis yog EET. Txawm hais tias qhov kev teb qeeb ntawm CMIC nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej anaerobic yog H2 tsim los ntawm kev txo proton (H +), EMIC ua tiav los ntawm EET metabolism, uas yog ywj pheej ntawm H2 tsim. Lub tshuab ntawm EET hauv ntau yam kab mob me me muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj microbial cellular thiab electrobiosynthesis25,26,27,28,29. Vim tias cov xwm txheej kab lis kev cai rau cov kab mob corrosive no txawv ntawm cov nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, nws tsis meej tias cov txheej txheem microbial corrosion no puas pom tseeb tias muaj kev xeb hauv kev xyaum. Yog li ntawd, nws nyuaj rau saib lub tshuab MIC uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob corrosive no hauv ib puag ncig ntuj.
Kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis DNA sequencing tau pab txhawb kev kawm txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zej zog microbial hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig ntuj thiab dag, piv txwv li, microbial profiling raws li 16S rRNA gene sequence siv cov cim tshiab sequencers tau siv hauv thaj chaw ntawm microbial ecology30,31. ,32. Ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb MIC tau luam tawm uas tau piav qhia txog cov zej zog microbial hauv av thiab dej hiav txwv ib puag ncig13,33,34,35,36. Ntxiv rau SRB, kev nplua nuj hauv Fe (II) -oxidizing (FeOB) thiab nitrifying kab mob hauv cov qauv xeb, piv txwv li FeOB, xws li Gallionella spp. thiab Dechloromonas spp., thiab nitrifying kab mob, xws li Nitrospira, kuj tau tshaj tawm. spp., hauv Carbon thiab tooj liab-bearing steels hauv av media33. Ib yam li ntawd, hauv marine ib puag ncig, kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov kab mob hlau-oxidizing uas yog cov chav kawm Zetaproteobacteria thiab Betaproteobacteria tau pom rau ob peb lub lis piam ntawm carbon hlau 36. Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia txog qhov kev koom tes ntawm cov kab mob me me no rau kev xeb. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb, lub sijhawm thiab cov pab pawg sim yog txwv, thiab me ntsis paub txog cov dynamics ntawm cov zej zog microbial thaum lub sijhawm xeb.
Ntawm no, peb tshawb nrhiav MICs ntawm cov hlau carbon, hlau chromium, hlau stainless, thiab hlau cam khwb cia siv kev tshawb fawb immersion hauv ib puag ncig aerobic dej qab zib nrog keeb kwm ntawm MIC cov xwm txheej. Cov qauv tau coj ntawm 1, 3, 6, 14 thiab 22 lub hlis thiab qhov corrosion ntawm txhua hlau thiab microbial Cheebtsam tau kawm. Peb cov txiaj ntsig muab kev nkag siab rau hauv lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov zej zog microbial thaum lub sijhawm corrosion.
Raws li tau pom hauv Rooj 1, cuaj lub hlau tau siv rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no. Kaum tus qauv ntawm txhua yam khoom siv tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub pas dej dej tshiab. Qhov zoo ntawm cov dej ua haujlwm yog raws li nram no: 30 ppm Cl-, 20 mS m-1, 20 ppm Ca2+, 20 ppm SiO2, turbidity 1 ppm thiab pH 7.4. Qhov concentration ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj (DO) nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub ntaiv kuaj yog kwv yees li 8.2 ppm thiab qhov kub ntawm dej yog txij li 9 txog 23°C raws caij nyoog.
Raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 1, tom qab 1 lub hlis ntawm kev immersion hauv ASTM A283, ASTM A109 Mob # 4/5, ASTM A179, thiab ASTM A395 cam khwb cia hlau ib puag ncig, cov khoom xim av xeb tau pom ntawm qhov chaw carbon steel hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev xeb dav dav. Qhov hnyav poob ntawm cov qauv no nce nrog lub sijhawm (Supplementary Table 1) thiab tus nqi xeb yog 0.13–0.16 hli ib xyoos (Daim Duab 2). Ib yam li ntawd, kev xeb dav dav tau pom hauv cov hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus Cr qis (1% thiab 2.25%) nrog tus nqi xeb ntawm kwv yees li 0.13 hli / xyoo (Daim Duab 1 thiab 2). Hauv kev sib piv, hlau nrog 9% Cr qhia txog kev xeb hauv zos uas tshwm sim hauv qhov sib txawv tsim los ntawm gaskets. Tus nqi xeb ntawm cov qauv no yog kwv yees li 0.02 hli / xyoo, uas qis dua li ntawm cov hlau nrog kev xeb dav dav. Qhov sib piv, cov hlau tsis xeb hom-304 thiab -316 tsis pom kev xeb, nrog rau kev kwv yees tus nqi xeb ntawm <0.001 hli y−1. Qhov sib piv, cov hlau tsis xeb hom-304 thiab -316 tsis pom kev xeb, nrog rau kev kwv yees ntawm <0.001 hli y−1. Напротив, нержавеющие стали типов 304 и 316 не проявляют видимой коррозии, при этом росчетная ской составляет <0,001 мм/год. Qhov sib piv, Hom 304 thiab 316 stainless hlau tsis pom kev xeb, nrog rau qhov kwv yees ntawm kev xeb ntawm <0.001 hli / xyoo.相比之下, 304 和-316 型不锈钢没有显示出可见的腐蚀，估计腐蚀速率 <0.001 mm y−1.相比之下, 304 和-316 型不锈钢没有显示出可见的腐蚀，估计腐蚀速率 <0.001 mm y−1. Напротив, нержавеющие стали типа 304 и -316 не показали видимой коррозии с расчетной скоросмью, 0 коростью, 0 коростью, Qhov sib piv, hom 304 thiab -316 stainless hlau tsis pom muaj xeb pom nrog tus nqi tsim xeb ntawm <0.001 hli / xyoo.
Cov duab macroscopic ntawm txhua tus qauv (qhov siab 50 hli × dav 20 hli) ua ntej thiab tom qab tshem cov nplai. 1 'meter', 1 hlis; 3 'meter', 3 hlis; 6 'meter', 6 hlis; 14 'meter', 14 hlis; 22 'meter', 22 hlis; S, ASTM A283; SP, ASTM A109, mob 4/5; FC, ASTM A395; B, ASTM A179; 1C, hlau 1% Cr; 3C hlau, 2.25% Cr hlau; hlau 9C, hlau 9% Cr; S6, hlau tsis xeb 316; S8, hom hlau tsis xeb 304.
Tus nqi xeb tau suav los ntawm kev siv qhov hnyav poob thiab lub sijhawm raus dej. S, ASTM A283, SP, ASTM A109, tawv 4/5, FC, ASTM A395, B, ASTM A179, 1C, hlau 1% Cr, 3 C, hlau 2.25% Cr, 9 C, hlau 9% Cr, S6, hom 316 stainless hlau; S8, hom 304 stainless hlau.
Hauv daim duab 1 kuj qhia tau tias cov khoom xeb ntawm cov hlau carbon, cov hlau Cr qis thiab cov hlau cam khwb cia yuav loj hlob ntxiv tom qab muab tso rau hauv dej li 3 lub hlis. Tag nrho cov xeb maj mam txo qis mus rau 0.07 ~ 0.08 hli/xyoo tom qab 22 lub hlis (Daim Duab 2). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau Cr qis dua me ntsis dua li lwm cov hlau uas xeb, qhia tau tias Cr tuaj yeem tiv thaiv xeb. Ntxiv nrog rau kev xeb dav dav, raws li ASTM A179, kev xeb hauv zos tau pom tom qab 22 lub hlis nrog qhov tob xeb li ntawm 700 µm (Daim Duab 3). Cov xeb hauv zos, xam siv qhov tob xeb thiab lub sijhawm muab tso rau hauv dej, yog 0.38 hli/xyoo, uas yog li 5 npaug sai dua li kev xeb dav dav. Cov xeb ntawm ASTM A395 alloy tuaj yeem raug kwv yees tsis tau vim tias cov khoom xeb tsis tshem tawm cov nplai tag nrho tom qab 14 lossis 22 lub hlis ntawm kev muab tso rau hauv dej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv yuav tsum tsawg heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau lub qhov me me tau pom hauv cov hlau chromium qis uas xeb.
Daim duab tag nrho (qhov ntsuas: 10 hli) thiab qhov xeb hauv zos (qhov ntsuas: 500 µm) ntawm ASTM A179 thiab 9% Cr hlau ntawm qhov tob tshaj plaws siv lub tshuab tsom iav 3D. Cov voj voog liab hauv daim duab tag nrho qhia txog qhov xeb hauv zos uas ntsuas tau. Daim duab tag nrho ntawm 9% Cr hlau los ntawm sab nraud tau pom hauv Daim Duab 1.
Raws li pom hauv daim duab 2, rau cov hlau uas muaj 9% Cr, tsis muaj xeb pom hauv 3-14 lub hlis, thiab tus nqi xeb yuav luag xoom. Txawm li cas los xij, xeb hauv zos tau pom tom qab 22 lub hlis (Daim Duab 3) nrog tus nqi xeb ntawm 0.04 hli / xyoo xam los ntawm kev siv qhov hnyav poob. Qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm xeb hauv zos yog 1260 µm thiab tus nqi xeb hauv zos kwv yees siv qhov tob ntawm xeb thiab lub sijhawm immersion (22 lub hlis) yog 0.68 hli / xyoo. Vim tias qhov chaw tseeb uas xeb pib tsis paub, tus nqi xeb yuav siab dua.
Tiam sis, tsis pom muaj xeb pom ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb txawm tias tom qab 22 lub hlis ntawm kev muab tso rau hauv dej. Txawm hais tias pom ob peb lub xim av me me ntawm qhov chaw ua ntej tshem cov nplai (Daim Duab 1), lawv tsis muaj zog txuas thiab tsis yog cov khoom xeb. Vim tias cov hlau rov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb tom qab tshem cov nplai tawm, qhov nrawm xeb yuav luag xoom.
Kev tshawb nrhiav Amplicon tau ua tiav los nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov zej zog microbial dhau sijhawm hauv cov khoom xeb thiab biofilms ntawm cov hlau, hauv dej thiab cov av noo. Tag nrho ntawm 4,160,012 qhov nyeem tau txais, nrog rau ntau yam ntawm 31,328 txog 124,183 qhov nyeem.
Cov ntsuas Shannon ntawm cov qauv dej uas tau los ntawm cov dej haus thiab cov pas dej muaj txij li 5.47 txog 7.45 (Daim Duab 4a). Txij li thaum cov dej ntws rov qab siv los ua dej lag luam, cov zej zog microbial tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws caij nyoog. Qhov sib piv, cov ntsuas Shannon ntawm cov qauv av hauv qab yog li 9, uas siab dua li cov qauv dej. Ib yam li ntawd, cov qauv dej muaj cov ntsuas Chao1 qis dua thiab tau pom cov chav ua haujlwm taxonomic (OTUs) dua li cov qauv av (Daim Duab 4b, c). Cov kev sib txawv no muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev suav lej (Tukey-Kramer xeem; p-values ​​​​< 0.01, Daim Duab 4d), qhia tias cov zej zog microbial hauv cov qauv av muaj ntau dua li cov hauv cov qauv dej. Cov kev sib txawv no muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev suav lej (Tukey-Kramer xeem; p-values ​​​​< 0.01, Daim duab 4d), qhia tias cov zej zog microbial hauv cov qauv av muaj ntau dua li cov hauv cov qauv dej. Эти различия статистически значимы (критерий Тьюки-Крамера; значения p <0,01, рис. 4d), чоно указыват, сообщества в образцах донных отложений более сложны, чем в образцах воды. Cov kev sib txawv no muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev suav lej (Tukey-Kramer xeem; p tus nqi <0.01, Daim duab 4d), qhia tias cov zej zog microbial hauv cov qauv av muaj ntau yam nyuaj dua li hauv cov qauv dej.这些差异具有统计学意义 (Tukey-Kramer 检验；p 值< 0.01，图4d），表明沉积物样本中的微生物群落比水样中的微生物群落更复杂。这些 差异 具有统计学 （tukey-kramer 检验 ； p 值 <0.01 ， 图 4d） 表明沉积物扷本 中用群落更…….. Эти различия были статистически значимыми (критерий Тьюки-Крамера; p-значение <0,01, рис. 4d), чвоя поя предположить, что микробные сообщества в образцах донных отложений были более сложными, чем в обрарать Cov kev sib txawv no muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev suav lej (Tukey-Kramer test; p-value <0.01, Daim Duab 4d), qhia tias cov zej zog microbial hauv cov qauv av noo muaj ntau dua li hauv cov qauv dej.Vim tias cov dej hauv lub pas dej ntws tas li hloov tshiab thiab cov av qis qis poob rau hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov kab mob me me no yuav tsum qhia txog lub ecosystem hauv lub pas dej.
a Shannon index, b Soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm taxonomic unit (OTU), thiab c Chao1 uptake index (n=6) thiab basin (n=5) Dej, sediment (n=3), ASTM A283 (S: n=5), ASTM A109 Temper #4/5 (SP: n=5), ASTM A179 (B: n=5), ASTM A395 (FC: n=5), 1% (1 C: n=5), 2.25% (3 C: n = 5) thiab 9% (9 C: n = 5) Cr-steel, nrog rau hom 316 (S6: n = 5) thiab -304 (S8: n = 5) stainless hlau tau qhia ua lub thawv-puab thiab whisker daim ntawv qhia. d p-tus nqi rau Shannon thiab Chao1 indices tau txais los ntawm kev siv ANOVA thiab Tukey-Kramer ntau qhov kev sib piv. Cov keeb kwm yav dhau liab sawv cev rau cov khub uas muaj p-values ​​< 0.05. Cov keeb kwm yav dhau liab sawv cev rau cov khub uas muaj p-values ​​​​< 0.05. Красные фоны представляют пары со значениями p <0,05. Cov keeb kwm yav dhau liab sawv cev rau cov khub uas muaj p-values ​​​​< 0.05.红色背景代表p 值 <0.05 对.红色背景代表p 值 <0.05 对. Красные фоны представляют пары с p-значениями <0,05. Cov keeb kwm yav dhau liab sawv cev rau cov khub uas muaj p-values ​​​​<0.05.Cov kab nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thawv, sab saud thiab hauv qab ntawm lub thawv, thiab cov plaub hau sawv cev rau qhov nruab nrab, 25th thiab 75th feem pua, thiab cov nqi tsawg kawg nkaus thiab siab tshaj plaws, raws li.
Cov ntsuas Shannon rau cov hlau carbon, cov hlau chromium qis, thiab cov hlau cam khwb cia zoo ib yam li cov rau cov qauv dej (Daim duab 4a). Qhov sib piv, cov ntsuas Shannon ntawm cov qauv hlau tsis xeb yog siab dua li cov ntawm cov hlau corroded (p-values ​​​​< 0.05, Daim Duab 4d) thiab zoo ib yam li cov ntawm cov av. Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv, cov Shannon indices ntawm cov qauv stainless-steel yog siab dua li cov ntawm cov hlau corroded (p-values ​​​​< 0.05, Daim duab 4d) thiab zoo ib yam li cov ntawm cov sediments. Напротив, индексы Шеннона образцов из нержавеющей стали значительно выше, чем у корродированнный 5 корродированнный с рис. 4d), thiab аналогичны индексам отложений. Qhov sib piv, cov ntsuas Shannon ntawm cov qauv hlau tsis xeb yog qhov siab dua li cov ntawm cov hlau corroded (p-values ​​​​< 0.05, Daim duab 4d) thiab zoo ib yam li cov ntsuas tso nyiaj.相比之下，不锈钢样品的香农指数明显高于腐蚀钢的香农指数（p 值 < 0.05 牉囸 4d 漲),相比之下，不锈钢样品的香农指数明显高于腐蚀钢的香农指数（p 值< 0.05，囸4d） Напротив, индекс Шеннона образцов из нержавеющей стали был значительно выше, чем у корродированно <0,05, рис. 4d), как и у отложений. Qhov sib piv, Shannon index ntawm cov qauv hlau tsis xeb yog siab dua li ntawm cov hlau corroded (p value < 0.05, Daim Duab 4d), ib yam li cov nyiaj tso cia.Qhov sib piv, Shannon index rau cov hlau nrog 9% Cr ntau ntawm 6.95 txog 9.65. Cov nqi no siab dua hauv cov qauv tsis xeb ntawm 1 thiab 3 lub hlis dua li hauv cov qauv xeb ntawm 6, 14 thiab 22 lub hlis (Daim duab 4a). Ntxiv mus, cov ntsuas Chao1 thiab cov OTUs pom ntawm 9% Cr hlau yog siab dua li cov ntawm cov qauv corroded thiab dej thiab qis dua li cov ntawm cov qauv tsis corroded thiab sediment (Daim duab 4b, c), thiab qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev suav lej (p-values ​​< 0.01, Daim duab 4d). Ntxiv mus, cov ntsuas Chao1 thiab cov OTUs pom ntawm 9% Cr hlau yog siab dua li cov ntawm cov qauv corroded thiab dej thiab qis dua li cov ntawm cov qauv tsis corroded thiab sediment (Daim duab 4b, c), thiab qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev suav lej (p-values ​​​​< 0.01, Daim duab 4d).Ntxiv mus, Chao1 thiab OTU uas pom ntawm cov hlau uas muaj 9% Cr siab dua li cov ntawm cov qauv corroded thiab aqueous thiab qis dua li cov ntawm cov qauv tsis corroded thiab sedimentary (Daim duab 4b, c), thiab qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb.(p-значения <0,01, рис. 4d). (p-tus nqi <0.01, Daim duab 4d).此外，9% Cr 钢的Chao1 指数和观察到的OTU高于腐蚀样品和水样，低于未腐蚀样品和沉积物样品（图4b，c），差异具有统讏幼0.01, 4d).此外 ， 9% CR 钢 Chao1 指数和 观察的的 rtu 高于 腐蚀 样品水样 ， 低于 腐蚀 牌岁图 4b ， c) 差异 统计学意义 (p 值 <0.01 图 图 图 图 图 图 ， ， ， ， ， ， 4 ， ， ， Кроме того, индекс Chao1 и наблюдаемые OTU стали с содержанием 9 % Cr были выше, чем у корродированных и ж водере, чем у некорродированных и осадочных образцов (рис. 4b,c), а разница была статистически значимой (p-0. , 4 нгей). Ntxiv mus, Chao1 index thiab pom OTU ntawm 9% Cr hlau siab dua li cov ntawm cov qauv corroded thiab aqueous thiab qis dua li cov ntawm cov qauv uncorroded thiab sedimentary (Daim duab 4b, c), thiab qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb statistically (p-value < 0.01, Daim duab 4d).Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov khoom xeb qis dua li cov biofilms ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb.
Hauv daim duab 5a qhia txog daim phiaj Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) raws li UniFrac unweighted distance rau txhua qhov qauv, nrog rau peb pawg loj pom. Cov zej zog microbial hauv cov qauv dej txawv ntawm lwm cov zej zog. Cov zej zog microbial hauv cov av kuj suav nrog cov zej zog stainless hlau, thaum lawv dav dav hauv cov qauv xeb. Qhov sib txawv, daim ntawv qhia ntawm cov hlau nrog 9% Cr yog muab faib ua cov pawg tsis xeb thiab cov pawg xeb. Yog li ntawd, cov zej zog microbial ntawm cov hlau thiab cov khoom xeb txawv ntawm cov hauv dej.
Daim duab qhia txog kev tshuaj xyuas qhov sib koom ua ke tseem ceeb (PCoA) raws li qhov sib nrug ntawm UniFrac uas tsis hnyav hauv txhua qhov qauv (a), dej (b), thiab hlau (c). Cov voj voog qhia txog txhua pawg. Cov kev taug kev yog sawv cev los ntawm cov kab txuas cov sijhawm kuaj hauv cov koob. 1 'meter', 1 hlis; 3 'meter', 3 hlis; 6 'meter', 6 hlis; 14 'meter', 14 hlis; 22 'meter', 22 hlis; S, ASTM A283; SP, ASTM A109, mob 4/5; FC, ASTM A395; B, ASTM A179; 1C, hlau 1% Cr; 3C hlau, 2.25% Cr hlau; hlau 9C, hlau 9% Cr; S6, 316 stainless hlau; S8, hom 304 stainless hlau.
Thaum muab teeb tsa raws li lub sijhawm, cov duab PCoA ntawm cov qauv dej tau teeb tsa ua ib lub voj voog (Daim Duab 5b). Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub voj voog no yuav qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caij nyoog.
Ntxiv mus, tsuas yog ob pawg (corroded thiab non-corroded) tau pom ntawm PCoA plots ntawm cov qauv hlau, qhov twg (tshwj tsis yog 9% chromium hlau) kev hloov pauv ntawm cov zej zog microbial los ntawm 1 mus rau 22 lub hlis kuj tau pom (Daim duab 5c). Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li thaum kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv corroded yog ntau dua li hauv cov qauv tsis corroded, muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov zej zog microbial thiab kev nce qib corrosion. Hauv cov qauv hlau nrog 9% Cr, ob hom microbial zej zog tau qhia: cov ntsiab lus ntawm 1 thiab 6 lub hlis, nyob ze ntawm stainless hlau, thiab lwm yam (3, 14, thiab 22 lub hlis), nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ze ntawm cov hlau corroded. 1 lub hlis thiab daim coupon siv rau DNA rho tawm ntawm 6 lub hlis tsis corroded, thaum daim coupon ntawm 3, 14 thiab 22 lub hlis tau corroded (Daim duab ntxiv 1). Yog li ntawd, cov zej zog microbial hauv cov qauv corroded sib txawv ntawm cov hauv dej, av, thiab cov qauv tsis corroded thiab hloov pauv raws li kev xeb nce qib.
Cov hom kab mob me me uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv dej yog Proteobacteria (30.1–73.5%), Bacteroidetes (6.3–48.6%), Planctomycetota (0.4–19.6%) thiab Actinobacteria (0–17.7%), lawv qhov muaj ntau sib txawv ntawm cov qauv mus rau cov qauv (Daim Duab 6), piv txwv li, qhov muaj ntau ntawm Bacteroidetes hauv dej pas dej siab dua li hauv dej tsis pom. Qhov sib txawv no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm lub sijhawm nyob ntawm cov dej hauv lub tank dej ntws. Cov hom no kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv cov qauv av hauv qab, tab sis lawv qhov muaj ntau sib txawv ntawm qhov ntawd hauv cov qauv dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Acidobacteriota (8.7–13.0%), Chloroflexi (8.1–10.2%), Nitrospirota (4.2–4.4%) thiab Desulfobacterota (1.5–4.4%) yog siab dua li hauv cov qauv dej. Vim tias yuav luag txhua hom Desulfobacterota yog SRB37, qhov chaw nyob hauv cov av yuav tsum yog anaerobic. Txawm hais tias Desulfobacterota tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau xeb, qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum qis heev vim tias lawv cov khoom muaj nyob hauv dej pas dej yog <0.04%. Txawm hais tias Desulfobacterota tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau xeb, qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum qis heev vim tias lawv cov khoom muaj nyob hauv dej pas dej yog <0.04%. Хотя Desulfobacterota, возможно, влияют на коррозию, риск должен быть чрезвычайно низким, поскольку их относит воде бассейна составляет <0,04%. Txawm hais tias Desulfobacterota yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev xeb, qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum qis heev vim tias lawv muaj ntau nyob rau hauv dej pas dej yog <0.04%.尽管脱硫杆菌门可能影响腐蚀，但风险应该极低，因为它们在池水中的相妹 <0.4% <0.04%. Хотя тип Desulfobacillus может влиять на коррозию, риск должен быть крайне низким, поскольку их относит всьно bассейна составляет <0,04%. Txawm hais tias hom Desulfobacillus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev xeb, qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum qis heev vim tias lawv muaj ntau nyob rau hauv dej pas dej yog <0.04%.
RW thiab Cua sawv cev rau cov qauv dej los ntawm qhov dej nkag thiab lub phiab, raws li. Cov av noo-C, -E, -W yog cov qauv av noo coj los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm qab ntawm lub phiab, nrog rau los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob. 1 meter, 1 hlis; 3 meters, 3 hlis; 6 meters, 6 hlis; 14 meters, 14 hlis; 22 meters, 22 hlis; S, ASTM A283; SP, ASTM A109, mob 4/5; FC, ASTM A395; B, ASTM A179; 1C, hlau 1% Cr; 3C hlau, 2.25% Cr hlau; hlau 9C, hlau 9% Cr; S6, 316 stainless hlau; S8, hom 304 stainless hlau.
Ntawm theem genus, qhov feem pua ​​​​​​siab dua me ntsis (6–19%) ntawm cov kab mob tsis tau faib ua pawg uas yog Trichomonadaceae tsev neeg, nrog rau Neosphingosine, Pseudomonas, thiab Flavobacterium, tau pom nyob rau txhua lub caij. Raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb me me, lawv cov feem sib txawv (Daim Duab 1). . 7a thiab b). Hauv cov dej ntws, qhov muaj ntau ntawm Flavobacterium, Pseudovibrio, thiab Rhodoferrobacter tsuas yog siab dua thaum lub caij ntuj no. Ib yam li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus siab dua ntawm Pseudovibrio thiab Flavobacterium tau pom nyob rau hauv dej lub caij ntuj no ntawm lub pas dej. Yog li, cov zej zog microbial hauv cov qauv dej sib txawv nyob ntawm lub caij, tab sis tsis tau hloov pauv loj heev thaum lub sijhawm kawm.
a Dej nkag, b Dej pas dej ua luam dej, c ASTM A283, d ASTM A109 kub #4/5, e ASTM A179, f ASTM A395, g 1% Cr, h 2.25% Cr, thiab i 9% Cr hlau, j Hom-316 thiab stainless hlau K-304.
Cov kab mob Proteobacteria yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv txhua qhov qauv, tab sis lawv qhov muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov qauv corroded txo qis raws li kev xeb nce ntxiv (Daim duab 6). Hauv cov qauv ASTM A179, ASTM A109 Temp No. 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395 thiab 1% thiab 2.25% Cr, qhov muaj ntau ntawm proteobacteria txo qis los ntawm 89.1%, 85.9%, 89.6%, 79.5%, 84.8%. , 83.8% yog 43.3%, 52.2%, 50.0%, 41.9%, 33.8% thiab 31.3% feem. Qhov sib piv, qhov muaj ntau ntawm Desulfobacterota maj mam nce ntxiv los ntawm <0.1% mus rau 12.5–45.9% nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev xeb. Qhov sib piv, qhov muaj ntau ntawm Desulfobacterota maj mam nce ntxiv los ntawm <0.1% mus rau 12.5–45.9% nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev xeb. Напротив, относительное содержание Desulfobacterota постепенно увеличивается с <0,1% до 12,5–45,9% по зкиря ра Qhov sib piv, qhov muaj ntau ntawm Desulfobacterota maj mam nce ntxiv los ntawm <0.1% mus rau 12.5–45.9% thaum xeb zuj zus.相反，随着腐蚀的进展，脱硫杆菌的相对丰度从 <0.1% 逐渐增加到12.5-45.9%.Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj <0.1% Напротив, относительная численность Desulfobacillus постепенно увеличивалась с <0,1% до 12,5–45,9% по мритер. Qhov sib piv, qhov muaj ntau ntawm Desulfobacillus maj mam nce ntxiv los ntawm <0.1% mus rau 12.5–45.9% thaum xeb zuj zus.Yog li, thaum xeb zuj zus, Proteobacterira tau hloov los ntawm Desulfobacterota.
Qhov sib txawv, cov biofilms ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb muaj cov kab mob sib txawv sib npaug. Proteobacteria (29.4–34.1%), Planctomycetota (11.7–18.8%), Nitrospirota (2.9–20.9%), Acidobacteriota (8.6–18.8%), Bacteroidota (3.1–9.2%) thiab Chloroflexi (2.1–8.8%). Nws tau pom tias qhov feem pua ​​ntawm Nitrospirota hauv cov qauv hlau tsis xeb maj mam nce ntxiv (Daim Duab 6). Cov piv no zoo ib yam li cov hauv cov qauv av, uas sib raug rau PCoA daim duab qhia hauv Daim Duab 5a.
Hauv cov qauv hlau uas muaj 9% Cr, ob hom kab mob me me tau pom: cov zej zog microbial 1-hli thiab 6-hli zoo ib yam li cov hauv cov qauv av hauv qab, thaum qhov feem pua ​​ntawm proteobacteria hauv cov qauv xeb 3, 14, thiab 22 tau nce ntau heev. hli Ntxiv rau, ob lub zej zog microbial no hauv cov qauv hlau 9% Cr tau sib raug rau cov pawg sib cais hauv daim duab PCoA uas tau qhia hauv daim duab 5c.
Ntawm theem genus, > 2000 OTUs uas muaj cov kab mob tsis tau muab faib thiab archaea tau pom. Ntawm theem genus, > 2000 OTUs uas muaj cov kab mob tsis tau muab faib thiab archaea tau pom.Ntawm theem genus, ntau tshaj 2000 OTUs tau pom muaj cov kab mob tsis paub meej thiab archaea.Ntawm theem genus, ntau tshaj 2000 OTUs tau pom muaj cov kab mob tsis tau teev tseg thiab archaea. Ntawm lawv, peb tau tsom mus rau 10 OTUs nrog cov pej xeem coob hauv txhua tus qauv. Qhov no npog 58.7-70.9%, 48.7-63.3%, 50.2-70.7%, 50.8-71.5%, 47.2-62.7%, 38.4 -64.7%, 12.8-49.7%, 17.5-46.8% thiab 21.8-45.1% hauv ASTM A179. , ASTM A109 Temp No. 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395, 1%, 2.25% thiab 9% Cr steels thiab Hom 316 thiab -304 stainless steels.
Muaj cov dechlorinated monoliths nrog Fe (II) oxidizing zog ntau heev tau pom nyob rau hauv cov qauv xeb xws li ASTM A179, ASTM A109 Temp No. 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395 thiab cov hlau nrog 1% thiab 2.25% Cr. theem pib ntawm xeb (1 lub hlis thiab 3 lub hlis, daim duab 7c-h). Qhov feem pua ​​ntawm Dechloromonas txo qis dhau sijhawm, uas sib xws rau qhov txo qis hauv Proteobacteria (Daim duab 6). Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qhov feem pua ​​ntawm Dechloromonas hauv cov biofilms ntawm cov qauv tsis xeb yog <1%. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qhov feem pua ​​ntawm Dechloromonas hauv cov biofilms ntawm cov qauv tsis xeb yog <1%. Кроме того, доля Dechloromonas в биопленках на некорродированных образцах составляет <1%. Ntxiv rau, qhov feem pua ​​ntawm Dechloromonas hauv biofilms ntawm cov qauv tsis xeb yog <1%.此外，未腐蚀样品的生物膜中脱氯单胞菌的比例 <1%.此外，未腐蚀样品的生物膜中脱氯单胞菌的比例 <1% Кроме того, доля Dechloromonas в биопленке некорродированных образцов была <1%. Ntxiv rau, qhov feem pua ​​ntawm Dechloromonas hauv cov biofilm ntawm cov qauv tsis xeb yog <1%.Yog li ntawd, ntawm cov khoom siv xeb, Dechloromonas muaj ntau ntxiv thaum ntxov ntawm xeb.
Qhov sib piv, hauv ASTM A179, ASTM A109 tempered # 4/5, ASTM A179, ASTM A395 thiab cov hlau nrog 1% thiab 2.25% Cr, qhov feem pua ​​ntawm SRB Desulfovibrio hom thaum kawg nce tom qab 14 thiab 22 lub hlis (Daim duab 7c-h). Desulfofibrion qis heev lossis tsis pom nyob rau theem thaum ntxov ntawm kev xeb, hauv cov qauv dej (Daim duab 7a, b) thiab hauv cov biofilms tsis-corroded (Daim duab 7j, j). Qhov no qhia tau hais tias Desulfovibrio nyiam qhov chaw ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom tsim corrosion, txawm hais tias lawv tsis cuam tshuam rau kev xeb nyob rau theem thaum ntxov ntawm kev xeb.
Cov kab mob Fe(III)-txo cov kab mob (RRB), xws li Geobacter thiab Geothrix, tau pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom xeb ntawm theem nruab nrab ntawm xeb (6 thiab 14 lub hlis), tab sis qhov feem pua ​​ntawm cov theem lig (22 lub hlis) ntawm xeb yog siab dua hauv lawv. qis dua (Daim duab 7c, eh). Cov genus Sideroxydans nrog Fe(II) oxidation cov khoom qhia txog tus cwj pwm zoo sib xws (Daim duab 7f), yog li qhov feem pua ​​ntawm FeOB, IRB, thiab SRB tsuas yog siab dua hauv cov qauv corroded. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias kev hloov pauv hauv cov zej zog microbial no cuam tshuam nrog kev nce qib ntawm xeb.
Hauv cov hlau uas muaj 9% Cr corroded tom qab 3, 14 thiab 22 lub hlis, muaj ntau dua ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Beggiatoacea (8.5–19.6%), uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov khoom sulfur oxidizing, thiab sideroxidans tau pom (8.4–13.7%) (Daim Duab 1). ). 7i) Tsis tas li ntawd, Thiomonas, ib hom kab mob sulfur oxidizing (SOB), tau pom ntau dua (3.4% thiab 8.8%) ntawm 3 thiab 14 lub hlis. Qhov sib piv, cov kab mob nitrate-txo Nitrospira (12.9%) tau pom hauv cov qauv tsis muaj corroded 6-hli. Ib qho kev nce ntxiv ntawm Nitrospira kuj tau pom hauv biofilms ntawm stainless hlau tom qab dipping (Daim Duab 7j, k). Yog li, cov zej zog microbial ntawm 1- thiab 6-hli-laus tsis muaj corroded 9% Cr hlau zoo ib yam li cov hauv stainless hlau biofilms. Ntxiv rau, cov zej zog microbial ntawm 9% Cr steel corroded ntawm 3, 14 thiab 22 lub hlis txawv ntawm cov khoom xeb ntawm cov carbon thiab cov chromium qis steels thiab cam khwb cia hlau.
Kev txhim kho xeb feem ntau qeeb dua hauv dej qab zib dua li hauv dej hiav txwv vim tias qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chloride ions cuam tshuam rau qhov xeb ntawm cov hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov hlau tsis xeb yuav xeb hauv cov dej qab zib ib puag ncig38,39. Tsis tas li ntawd, MIC thawj zaug raug xav tias yog cov khoom siv xeb tau pom ua ntej hauv pas dej dej qab zib siv hauv kev tshawb fawb no. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntev, ntau hom xeb, peb hom microbial zej zog, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv microbial zej zog hauv cov khoom xeb tau pom.
Cov dej qab zib uas siv hauv kev tshawb fawb no yog lub tank kaw rau cov dej siv los ntawm tus dej uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub ntawm dej txij li 9 txog 23 ° C. Yog li ntawd, qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub caij nyoog hauv cov zej zog microbial hauv cov qauv dej yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov zej zog microbial hauv cov dej pas dej txawv me ntsis ntawm cov dej nkag (Daim Duab 5b). Cov dej hauv pas dej tau hloov tas li vim muaj dej ntau dhau. Yog li ntawd, DO tseem nyob ntawm ~ 8.2 ppm txawm tias nyob rau qhov tob nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pas dej thiab hauv qab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov chaw ib puag ncig ntawm cov av yuav tsum yog anaerobic, vim nws nyob thiab nyob hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej, thiab cov kab mob microbial hauv nws (xws li CRP) kuj yuav tsum txawv ntawm cov kab mob microbial hauv dej (Daim Duab 6). Txij li thaum cov coupons hauv pas dej nyob deb ntawm cov av, lawv tsuas yog raug dej tshiab thaum lub sijhawm kawm txog kev sib xyaw hauv qab cov xwm txheej aerobic.
Kev xeb dav dav tshwm sim hauv cov hlau carbon, cov hlau chromium qis, thiab cov hlau cam khwb cia hauv cov chaw dej qab zib (Daim Duab 1) vim tias cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tiv taus xeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi xeb (0.13 hli xyoo-1) nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej dej qab zib abiotic siab dua li hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los40 (0.04 hli xyoo-1) thiab piv rau tus nqi xeb (0.02–0.76 hli xyoo-1) nyob rau hauv qhov muaj cov kab mob me me1) Zoo ib yam li cov xwm txheej dej qab zib40,41,42. Tus nqi xeb ceev no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm MIC.
Ntxiv rau, tom qab 22 lub hlis ntawm kev raus dej, qhov xeb hauv zos tau pom hauv ntau cov hlau nyob rau hauv cov khoom xeb (Daim Duab 3). Tshwj xeeb, qhov xeb hauv zos uas pom hauv ASTM A179 yog kwv yees li tsib zaug sai dua li xeb dav dav. Hom xeb tsis zoo no thiab qhov xeb nrawm dua kuj tau pom hauv qhov xeb uas tshwm sim ntawm tib yam khoom. Yog li, qhov kev raus dej ua tiav hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no qhia txog kev xeb hauv kev xyaum.
Ntawm cov hlau uas tau kawm, 9% Cr hlau tau pom tias muaj kev xeb hnyav tshaj plaws, nrog rau qhov tob ntawm kev xeb ntawm >1.2 hli, uas tej zaum yog MIC vim yog kev xeb sai thiab hom kev xeb tsis zoo. Ntawm cov hlau uas tau kawm, 9% Cr hlau tau pom tias muaj kev xeb hnyav tshaj plaws, nrog rau qhov tob ntawm kev xeb ntawm >1.2 hli, uas tej zaum yog MIC vim yog kev xeb sai thiab hom kev xeb tsis zoo. Среди исследованных металлов сталь с 9% Cr показала наиболее сильную корозию с глубиной кор розиия , 1 , 2 , является МИК из-за ускоренной коррозии и аномальной формы коррозии. Ntawm cov hlau uas tau kuaj xyuas, hlau nrog 9% Cr tau qhia txog kev xeb hnyav tshaj plaws nrog qhov tob ntawm kev xeb >1.2 hli, uas yog qhov MIC vim yog kev xeb sai thiab hom kev xeb tsis zoo.在所研究的金属中，9% Cr 钢的腐蚀最为严重，腐蚀深度>1.2 mm, 由于加速腐蚀和异常腐蚀形式，很可能是MIC.在所研究的金属中，9% Cr Среди исследованных металлов наиболее сильно корродировала сталь с 9% Cr, с глубиной коррозии > 1,2 в мром, из-за ускоренных и аномальных форм коррозии. Ntawm cov hlau uas tau kawm, hlau uas muaj 9% Cr xeb hnyav tshaj plaws, nrog rau qhov tob ntawm xeb >1.2 hli, feem ntau yuav yog MIC vim yog cov xeb uas nrawm dua thiab txawv txav.Vim tias 9% Cr hlau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab, nws tus cwj pwm xeb tau raug kawm ua ntej43,44 tab sis tsis muaj MIC tau tshaj tawm ua ntej rau cov hlau no. Vim tias muaj ntau yam kab mob me me, tshwj tsis yog cov hyperthermophiles, tsis ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw kub siab (> 100 ° C), MIC hauv 9% Cr hlau yuav raug tsis quav ntsej hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Vim tias muaj ntau yam kab mob me me, tshwj tsis yog cov hyperthermophiles, tsis ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw kub siab (> 100 ° C), MIC hauv 9% Cr hlau yuav raug tsis quav ntsej hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Поскольку многие микроорганизмы, за исключением гипертермофилов, неактивны в высокотемпературной), 1 Мед Ирной свературной стали с 9% Cr в таких случаях можно не учитывать. Vim tias ntau yam kab mob me me, tshwj tsis yog cov hyperthermophiles, tsis ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw kub siab (> 100 ° C), MIC hauv hlau nrog 9% Cr tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no.由于除超嗜热菌外，许多微生物在高温环境(> 100 °C) 中不活跃，因此在这种情况下忽Cov ntaub ntawv MIC. 9% Cr (>100 °C) Поскольку многие микроорганизмы, кроме гипертермофилов, не проявляют активности в высокотемпырат, С0дертемпырат, С0дерокотемпырат, МПК в стали с 9% Cr в данном случае можно не учитывать. Vim tias ntau yam kab mob me me, tshwj tsis yog hyperthermophiles, tsis qhia kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw kub siab (> 100 ° C), MIC hauv hlau nrog 9% Cr tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej hauv qhov no.Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv 9% Cr hlau rau hauv qhov chaw kub nruab nrab, yuav tsum muaj ntau yam kev ntsuas los txo MIC.
Ntau yam kab mob me me thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv tau pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom tsis xeb thiab cov khoom xeb hauv biofilms piv rau dej, ntxiv rau qhov xeb sai dua (Daim Duab 5-7), qhia meej tias qhov xeb no yog lub microphone. Ramirez et al.13 qhia txog kev hloov pauv 3-kauj ruam (FeOB => SRB/IRB = > SOB) hauv lub ecosystem microbial hauv dej hiav txwv tshaj 6 lub hlis, qhov twg hydrogen sulfide tsim los ntawm SRB qib siab dua zaum kawg yuav pab txhawb rau kev nplua nuj ntawm SOB. Ramirez et al.13 qhia txog kev hloov pauv 3-kauj ruam (FeOB => SRB/IRB => SOB) hauv lub ecosystem microbial hauv dej hiav txwv tshaj 6 lub hlis, thaum hydrogen sulfide tsim los ntawm SRB qib siab dua zaum kawg yuav pab txhawb rau kev nplua nuj ntawm SOB. Ramirez et al.13 сообщают о трехэтапном переходе (FeOB => SRB/IRB => SOB) в морской микробной экосистеме в течение в течение сероводород, образующийся при вторичном обогащении SRB, может, наконец, способствовать обогащению SOB. Ramirez et al.13 qhia txog kev hloov pauv peb theem (FeOB => SRB/IRB => SOB) hauv lub ntiaj teb microbial ecosystem dhau lub sijhawm 6 lub hlis, qhov twg hydrogen sulfide tsim los ntawm SRB theem nrab enrichment thaum kawg tuaj yeem pab txhawb rau SOB enrichment. Ramirez 等人13 报告了一个超过6 个月的海洋微生物生态系统中的三步转变(FeOB => SRB/IRB => SOB) 兯产生的硫化氢可能最终有助于SOB的富集.Ramirez 等人 13 报告了个超过超过 6 个月海洋微生物生态系统中的三召彘轘转变 转变 转变 转变 转变 转变 转变 转变 r srb / IRB) , 其中次富 盺硫化氢可能 最终 有助于 sob 的富集. Ramirez et al.13 сообщили о трехступенчатом переходе (FeOB => SRB/IRB => SOB) в морской микробной экосистеме в те чеме в те котором сероводород, образующийся в результате вторичного обогащения SRB, может в конечном итбогь споста SOB. Ramirez et al.13 tau tshaj tawm txog kev hloov pauv peb kauj ruam (FeOB => SRB/IRB => SOB) hauv lub ntiaj teb microbial ecosystem dhau lub sijhawm 6 lub hlis, uas hydrogen sulfide tsim los ntawm SRB secondary enrichment thaum kawg yuav pab txhawb rau SOB enrichment.McBeth thiab Emerson36 tau tshaj tawm txog kev nplua nuj thawj zaug hauv FeOB. Ib yam li ntawd, kev nplua nuj ntawm FeOB thaum lub sijhawm pib xeb tau pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, tab sis cov kev hloov pauv microbial nrog kev nce qib ntawm xeb pom nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon thiab 1% thiab 2.25% Cr steels thiab cam khwb cia hlau tshaj 22 mo yog FeOB => IRB = > SRB (Figs. 7 thiab 8). Ib yam li ntawd, kev nplua nuj ntawm FeOB thaum lub sijhawm pib xeb tau pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, tab sis cov kev hloov pauv microbial nrog kev nce qib ntawm xeb pom nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon thiab 1% thiab 2.25% Cr steels thiab cam khwb cia hlau tshaj 22 mo yog FeOB => IRB => SRB (Figs. 7 thiab 8). Точно так же в этом исследовании наблюдается обогащение FeOB на ранней стадии коррозии, но микробные я и зместа прогрессирования коррозии, наблюдаемые в углеродистых thiab 1% thiab 2,25% Cr сталях и чугуне в течение 22 врестя м собой FeOB => IRB = > SRB (рис. 7 и 8). Ib yam li ntawd, hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no, kev nplua nuj hauv FeOB thaum ntxov ntawm kev xeb tau pom, tab sis kev hloov pauv microbial thaum kev xeb nce qib, pom hauv cov pa roj carbon thiab 1% thiab 2.25% Cr steels thiab cam khwb cia hlau dhau 22 lub hlis, yog FeOB => IRB => SRB (Daim duab 7 thiab 8).同样，在本研究中观察到早期腐蚀阶段FeOB的富集，但在碳和1% 和2.25% Cr 钢以及2超过个月的铸铁中观察到的微生物随着腐蚀的进展而变化是 FeOB => IRB => SRB (图7 和8).同样，在本研究中观察早期 腐蚀阶段 feob的富集，但碳和和 1% 和 2.25% Cr.的铸铁中到的微生物腐蚀的进展 而变化 FEOB => IRB => SRB (图7和8). Аналогичным образом, в этом исследовании наблюдалось обогащение FeOB на ранних стадиях коррозии, но микро изменения, наблюдаемые в углеродистых и 1% и 2,25% Cr сталях и чугуне в течение 22 месяцев, были Bирири с. IR. Ib yam li ntawd, FeOB kev nplua nuj nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev xeb tau pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, tab sis cov kev hloov pauv microbiological pom nyob rau hauv carbon thiab 1% thiab 2.25% Cr steels thiab cam khwb cia hlau tshaj 22 lub hlis yog FeOB => IRB => SRB (Daim duab 7 thiab 8).Cov SRBs tuaj yeem yooj yim sib sau ua ke hauv cov dej hiav txwv vim muaj cov sulfate ion concentration siab, tab sis lawv cov kev nplua nuj hauv cov dej tshiab raug ncua los ntawm cov sulfate ion concentration qis. Cov SRB nplua nuj hauv dej hiav txwv tau raug tshaj tawm ntau zaus10,12,45.
a Cov pa roj carbon thiab nitrogen los ntawm Fe(II)-nyob ntawm lub zog metabolism hlau oxide (liab [Dechloromonas sp.] thiab ntsuab [Sideroxydans sp.] hlwb) thiab Fe(III) txo cov kab mob (grey hlwb [Geothrix sp. thiab Geobacter sp.]) thaum ntxov ntawm xeb, tom qab ntawd anaerobic sulfate-txo cov kab mob (SRP) thiab heterotrophic microorganisms nplua nuj theem laus ntawm xeb los ntawm kev noj cov organic matter uas tau sau. b Kev hloov pauv hauv cov zej zog microbial ntawm cov hlau tiv taus xeb. Violet, xiav, daj, thiab dawb hlwb sawv cev rau cov kab mob los ntawm tsev neeg Comamonadaceae, Nitrospira sp., Beggiatoacea, thiab lwm yam, raws li.
Hais txog kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog microbial thiab qhov ua tau SRB nplua nuj, FeOB yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum ntxov ntawm kev xeb, thiab Dechloromonas tuaj yeem tau txais lawv lub zog loj hlob los ntawm Fe (II) oxidation. Cov kab mob me me tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv cov xov xwm uas muaj cov ntsiab lus me me, tab sis lawv yuav tsis loj hlob sai heev. Txawm li cas los xij, lub pas dej plunge siv hauv kev tshawb fawb no yog lub pas dej puv nkaus, nrog rau qhov nkag ntawm 20 m3 / h, uas txuas ntxiv muab cov ntsiab lus me me uas muaj cov ions inorganic. Thaum ntxov ntawm kev xeb, ferrous ions raug tso tawm los ntawm cov hlau carbon thiab cov hlau cam khwb cia, thiab FeOBs (xws li Dechloromonas) siv lawv ua lub zog. Cov pa roj carbon, phosphate thiab nitrogen uas xav tau rau kev loj hlob ntawm tes yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej ua haujlwm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw dej tshiab no, FeOB yog thawj zaug nplua nuj ntawm cov hlau xws li carbon hlau thiab cov hlau cam khwb cia. Tom qab ntawd, IRBs tuaj yeem loj hlob thiab siv cov organic matter thiab hlau oxides ua lub zog thiab cov neeg txais hluav taws xob kawg, raws li. Hauv cov khoom xeb laus, cov xwm txheej anaerobic nplua nuj nrog nitrogen yuav tsum tau tsim vim yog cov metabolism ntawm FeOB thiab IRB. Yog li ntawd, SRB tuaj yeem loj hlob sai thiab hloov FeOB thiab IRB (Daim duab 8a).
Tsis ntev los no, Tang et al. tau tshaj tawm txog kev xeb ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb los ntawm Geobacter ferroreducens hauv cov chaw dej qab zib vim yog kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ncaj qha los ntawm hlau mus rau microbes46. Xav txog EMIC, qhov kev koom tes ntawm cov kab mob me me nrog EET cov khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb. SRB, FeOB, thiab IRB yog cov hom kab mob tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom xeb hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no, uas yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv EET. Yog li ntawd, cov kab mob electrochemically ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem pab txhawb rau kev xeb los ntawm EET, thiab cov qauv ntawm lawv lub zej zog hloov pauv nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau hom ionic raws li cov khoom xeb tau tsim. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub zej zog microbial hauv hlau nrog 9% Cr txawv ntawm lwm cov hlau (Daim duab 8b). Tom qab 14 lub hlis, ntxiv rau kev nplua nuj nrog FeOB, xws li Sideroxydans, SOB47Beggiatoacea, thiab Thiomonas kuj tau nplua nuj (Daim duab 7i). Qhov kev hloov pauv no txawv ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv corrosive, xws li carbon hlau, thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov chromium-nplua nuj ions yaj thaum lub sijhawm xeb. Qhov tseem ceeb, Thiomonas tsis yog tsuas muaj cov khoom siv sulfur oxidizing xwb, tab sis kuj muaj Fe (II) oxidizing zog, lub kaw lus EET, thiab kev kam rau hlau hnyav 48,49. Lawv tuaj yeem nplua nuj vim yog qhov kev ua haujlwm oxidative ntawm Fe (II) thiab / lossis kev noj ncaj qha ntawm cov hlau electrons. Hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, muaj ntau ntawm Beggiatoacea tau pom hauv biofilms ntawm Cu siv lub kaw lus saib xyuas biofilm tsis tu ncua, qhia tias cov kab mob no yuav tiv taus cov hlau lom xws li Cu thiab Cr. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog uas Beggiatoacea xav tau kom loj hlob hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig no tsis paub.
Daim ntawv tshawb fawb no qhia txog kev hloov pauv hauv cov zej zog microbial thaum lub sijhawm xeb hauv cov dej qab zib. Hauv tib qho chaw ib puag ncig, cov zej zog microbial sib txawv ntawm hom hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb cov txiaj ntsig lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm FeOB thaum ntxov ntawm kev xeb, vim tias cov metabolism microbial zog nyob ntawm hlau txhawb nqa kev tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus nplua nuj uas lwm cov kab mob me me xws li SRB nyiam. Yuav kom txo tau MIC hauv cov dej qab zib, FeOB thiab IRB kev nplua nuj yuav tsum raug txwv.
Cuaj lub hlau tau siv rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no thiab ua tiav rau hauv cov blocks ntawm 50 × 20 × 1–5 hli (tuab rau ASTM 395 hlau thiab 1%, 2.25% thiab 9% Cr: 5 hli; tuab rau ASTM A283 thiab ASTM A179: 3 hli). hli; ASTM A109 Temper 4/5 thiab Hom 304 thiab 316 Stainless Steel, tuab: 1 hli), nrog ob lub qhov 4 hli. Cov hlau chromium tau polished nrog sandpaper thiab lwm yam hlau tau polished nrog 600 grit sandpaper ua ntej dipping. Tag nrho cov qauv tau sonicated nrog 99.5% ethanol, qhuav thiab hnyav. Kaum cov qauv ntawm txhua lub hlau tau siv rau kev xam tus nqi corrosion thiab microbiome tsom xam. Txhua tus qauv tau kho nyob rau hauv ib tug ntaiv zam nrog PTFE rods thiab spacers (φ 5 × 30 hli, Supplementary Fig. 2).
Lub pas dej muaj qhov ntim ntawm 1100 cubic meters thiab qhov tob li ntawm 4 meters. Cov dej ntws yog 20 m3 h-1, cov dej ntws tawm, thiab cov dej zoo tsis hloov pauv raws caij nyoog (Daim Duab Ntxiv 3). Lub ntaiv qauv raug txo qis rau ntawm 3 m hlau hlau dai rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tank. Ob pawg ntaiv tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub pas dej thaum 1, 3, 6, 14 thiab 22 lub hlis. Cov qauv los ntawm ib lub ntaiv tau siv los ntsuas qhov hnyav poob thiab xam cov nqi xeb, thaum cov qauv los ntawm lwm lub ntaiv tau siv rau kev tshuaj xyuas microbiome. Cov pa oxygen yaj hauv lub tank immersion tau ntsuas ze ntawm qhov chaw thiab hauv qab, nrog rau hauv nruab nrab, siv lub sensor oxygen yaj (InPro6860i, Mettler Toledo, Columbus, Ohio, USA).
Cov khoom xeb thiab cov biofilms ntawm cov qauv tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev khawb nrog lub scraper yas lossis so nrog lub paj rwb swab, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav hauv 99.5% ethanol siv lub da dej ultrasonic. Tom qab ntawd cov qauv tau muab tso rau hauv Clark's solution raws li ASTM G1-0351. Tag nrho cov qauv tau raug hnyav tom qab ziab tiav. Xam tus nqi xeb (mm/xyoo) rau txhua tus qauv siv cov mis hauv qab no:
qhov twg K yog qhov tsis hloov pauv (8.76 × 104), T yog lub sijhawm raug (h), A yog tag nrho thaj chaw (cm2), W yog qhov poob phaus (g), D yog qhov ceev (g cm–3).
Tom qab ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv, cov duab 3D ntawm ntau cov qauv tau txais los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab ntsuas laser 3D (LEXT OLS4000, Olympus, Tokyo, Nyiv).