Rahotannin masana'antu sun nuna cewa ma'adinan yana zurfafa kowace shekara - mita 30.
Yayin da zurfin ke ƙaruwa, haka nan buƙatar samun iska da sanyaya jiki ke ƙaruwa, kuma Howden ya san hakan daga gogewarsa wajen aiki da ma'adanai mafi zurfi a Afirka ta Kudu.
An kafa Howden a shekarar 1854 ta hannun James Howden a Scotland a matsayin kamfanin injiniyan ruwa kuma ya shiga Afirka ta Kudu a shekarun 1950 don biyan buƙatun masana'antun hakar ma'adinai da wutar lantarki. A shekarun 1960, kamfanin ya taimaka wajen samar da dukkan tsarin iska da sanyaya ma'adinai na ƙasar da ake buƙata don haƙo ma'adinai a ƙarƙashin ƙasa cikin aminci da inganci.
"Da farko, ma'adinan ya yi amfani da iska ne kawai a matsayin hanyar sanyaya, amma yayin da zurfin ma'adinan ya ƙaru, an buƙaci sanyaya injina don rama yawan zafi da ke ƙaruwa a ma'adinan," in ji Teunes Wasserman, shugaban sashin Howden's Mine Cooling and Compressors, ga IM.
Yawancin ma'adanai masu zurfi na zinare a Afirka ta Kudu sun sanya na'urorin sanyaya iska na Freon™ a sama da ƙasa don samar da sanyayawar da ake buƙata ga ma'aikata da kayan aiki na ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Duk da ci gaban da aka samu a halin yanzu, tsarin watsa zafi na injin karkashin kasa ya zama matsala, domin karfin sanyaya injin ya takaita ne saboda zafin jiki da kuma yawan iskar shaka da ake da ita, in ji Wasserman. A lokaci guda kuma, ingancin ruwan ma'adinai ya haifar da mummunan gurɓataccen na'urorin musayar zafi na harsashi da bututu da aka yi amfani da su a cikin waɗannan na'urorin sanyaya zafi na farko.
Domin magance wannan matsala, ma'adinan sun fara fitar da iska mai sanyi daga saman ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Duk da cewa wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin sanyaya, kayan aikin da ake buƙata suna ɗaukar sarari a cikin silo kuma aikin yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
Domin magance waɗannan matsalolin, ma'adanai suna son ƙara yawan iskar sanyi da ake kawowa ƙasa ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu sanyi.
Wannan ya sa Howden ya gabatar da na'urorin sanyaya sikirin amino a ma'adanai a Afirka ta Kudu, da farko bayan na'urorin sanyaya sikirin surface centrifugal da ake da su a saman. Wannan ya haifar da wani sauyi a matakin adadin na'urar sanyaya sikirin da za a iya samar wa waɗannan ma'adanai na zinariya a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda ya haifar da raguwar matsakaicin zafin ruwan saman daga 6-8°C zuwa 1°C. Ma'adinan zai iya amfani da kayayyakin bututun ma'adinai iri ɗaya, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu an riga an shigar da su, yayin da yake ƙara yawan na'urorin sanyaya sikirin da ake bayarwa zuwa manyan yadudduka.
Kimanin shekaru 20 bayan ƙaddamar da WRV 510, Howden, wani babban ɗan kasuwa a fagen, ya ƙera WRV 510, babban injin compressor mai rotor mai girman mm 510. Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan injinan compressor a kasuwa a lokacin kuma ya yi daidai da girman injinan compressor da ake buƙata don sanyaya waɗannan ma'adanai masu zurfi na Afirka ta Kudu.
"Wannan wani abu ne da ke canza yanayi domin ma'adanai na iya sanya injin sanyaya guda ɗaya mai ƙarfin MW 10-12 maimakon tarin injinan sanyaya," in ji Wasserman. "A lokaci guda, ammonia a matsayin injin sanyaya kore ya dace sosai don haɗakar injinan sanyaya sukurori da na'urorin musanya zafi na farantin."
An tsara ka'idojin Ammonia a cikin ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idojin aminci ga ammonia ga masana'antar haƙar ma'adinai, inda Howden ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin ƙira. An sabunta su kuma an haɗa su cikin dokokin Afirka ta Kudu.
Wannan nasarar ta tabbata ne ta hanyar sanya wutar lantarki mai karfin fiye da MW 350 na ammonia a masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ta Afirka ta Kudu, wacce ake ganin ta fi kowacce girma a duniya.
Amma kirkirar Howden a Afirka ta Kudu bai tsaya a nan ba: a shekarar 1985 kamfanin ya ƙara injin kankara a saman na'urorin sanyaya ma'adinai da ke ƙaruwa.
Ganin cewa ana ƙara yawan sanyaya ƙasa da ƙasa ko kuma ana ɗaukar su da tsada sosai, ma'adanai suna buƙatar sabon maganin sanyaya don ƙara faɗaɗa hakar ma'adinai zuwa matakai masu zurfi.
Howden ta kafa masana'antar yin kankara ta farko (misali a ƙasa) a shekarar 1985 a EPM (Ma'adinan Ma'adinai na Gabashin Rand) a gabashin Johannesburg, wanda ke da ƙarfin sanyaya na ƙarshe na kusan MW 40 da ƙarfin kankara na 4320 t/h.
Tushen aikin shine samuwar ƙanƙara a saman ƙasa sannan a kai ta cikin ma'adinan zuwa wani madatsar ƙanƙara ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa, inda ake yaɗa ruwan da ke fitowa daga madatsar ƙanƙara a tashoshin sanyaya ƙasa ko kuma a yi amfani da shi azaman ruwan sarrafawa don haƙa rijiyoyi. Sannan ana tura ƙanƙarar da ta narke zuwa saman.
Babban fa'idar wannan tsarin injin yin kankara shine rage farashin famfo, wanda ke rage farashin aiki da ke da alaƙa da tsarin ruwan sanyi na saman ruwa da kusan kashi 75-80%. Ya danganta da "makamashin sanyaya da aka adana a cikin canjin lokaci na ruwa," in ji Wasserman, yana mai bayanin cewa kilogiram 1 na kankara yana da ƙarfin sanyaya iri ɗaya da kilogiram 4.5-5 na ruwan sanyi.
Saboda "ingancin matsayi mafi girma", ana iya kiyaye madatsar ruwa ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa a zafin 2-5°C don inganta aikin zafi na tashar sanyaya iska ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan ƙarfin sanyaya.
Wata fa'ida ta musamman game da mahimmancin tashar wutar lantarki ta kankara a Afirka ta Kudu, ƙasa da aka san ta da rashin kwanciyar hankali a tashar wutar lantarki, ita ce ikon tsarin na amfani da shi azaman hanyar adana zafi, inda ake ƙirƙirar kankara da taruwa a cikin madatsun kankara na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da kuma lokacin da ake yawan samun dusar ƙanƙara.
Amfanin na ƙarshe ya haifar da haɓaka wani aikin haɗin gwiwa na masana'antu wanda Eskom ke tallafawa wanda Howden ke binciken amfani da injinan yin kankara don rage yawan buƙatar wutar lantarki, tare da gwajin shari'o'in a Mponeng da Moab Hotsong, ma'adanai mafi zurfi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a duniya.
Wasserman ya bayyana cewa, "Mun daskare madatsar ruwa da daddare (bayan awanni) kuma muka yi amfani da ruwa da ƙanƙara mai narkewa a matsayin tushen sanyaya ma'adinan a lokutan da ake yawan samun ruwan sama." "Ana kashe na'urorin sanyaya tushe a lokacin da ake yawan samun ruwan sama, wanda hakan ke rage nauyin da ke kan layin wutar lantarki."
Wannan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar injin kankara mai aiki a Mponeng, inda Howden ya kammala aikin, ciki har da kayan aikin farar hula, na lantarki da na injiniya don injin kankara mai ƙarfin MW 12, t 120 a kowace awa.
Ƙarin da aka samu kwanan nan a cikin dabarun sanyaya zuciyar Mponeng sun haɗa da ƙanƙara mai laushi, ruwan sanyi a saman, na'urorin sanyaya iska (BACs) da tsarin sanyaya ƙasa. Kasancewar gishiri da chlorides masu narkewa a cikin ruwan ma'adinai yayin aiki.
Ya ce wadatar gogewa da kuma mai da hankali kan mafita a Afirka ta Kudu, ba wai kawai kayayyaki ba, na ci gaba da sauya tsarin sanyaya a duk duniya.
Kamar yadda Wasserman ya ambata, yayin da yawan ma'adanai ke zurfafawa da kuma ƙara sarari a cikin ma'adanai, yana da sauƙin ganin irin wannan mafita a wasu sassan duniya.
Meinhardt ya ce: "Howden ta shafe shekaru da dama tana fitar da fasahar sanyaya ma'adinai mai zurfi zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Misali, mun samar da hanyoyin sanyaya ma'adinai don ma'adinan zinare na ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Nevada a shekarun 1990."
"Wani fasaha mai ban sha'awa da ake amfani da ita a wasu ma'adanai na Afirka ta Kudu ita ce adana kankara mai zafi don canja wurin kaya - ana adana makamashin zafi a cikin manyan madatsun kankara. Ana samar da kankara a lokacin da ake yawan cunkoso kuma ana amfani da ita a lokacin da ake yawan cunkoso," in ji shi. "A al'ada, an tsara na'urorin sanyaya don matsakaicin zafin jiki na yanayi wanda zai iya kaiwa awanni uku a rana a lokacin bazara. Duk da haka, idan kuna da ikon adana makamashin sanyaya, kuna iya rage wannan ƙarfin."
"Idan kuna da wani shiri mai yawan farashi mai kyau kuma kuna son haɓakawa zuwa farashi mai rahusa a lokutan da ba a cika aiki ba, waɗannan hanyoyin yin kankara na iya zama hujja mai ƙarfi ta kasuwanci," in ji shi. "Babban jarin farko na kamfanin zai iya rage ƙarancin farashin aiki."
A lokaci guda kuma, BAC, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a ma'adanai a Afirka ta Kudu tsawon shekaru da dama, yana ƙara samun mahimmanci a duniya.
Idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar BAC ta gargajiya, sabbin ƙwayoyin BAC suna da ingantaccen zafi fiye da na magabatansu, ƙarancin iyakokin zafin iskar ma'adinai da ƙaramin sawun ƙafa. Hakanan suna haɗa na'urar sanyaya-kan-buƙata (CoD) a cikin dandamalin Howden Ventsim CONTROL, wanda ke daidaita zafin iskar kwal ta atomatik don dacewa da buƙatun ƙasa.
A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, Howden ya isar da sabbin BACs guda uku ga abokan ciniki a Brazil da Burkina Faso.
Kamfanin yana kuma iya samar da mafita na musamman don mawuyacin yanayin aiki; misali na baya-bayan nan shine shigar da na'urorin sanyaya ammonia na BAC don OZ Minerals a ma'adinan Carrapateena da ke Kudancin Ostiraliya.
"Howden ya sanya na'urorin sanyaya busassun na'urori masu amfani da ...
Kamfanin a halin yanzu yana gwada wata hanyar sa ido kan lokaci don wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 8 a bakin teku (wanda aka nuna a ƙasa) wanda aka tsara kuma aka gina a ma'adinan Yaramoko Fortuna Silver (wanda a da ake kira Roxgold) a Burkina Faso.
Tsarin, wanda kamfanin Howden da ke Johannesburg ke kula da shi, yana ba kamfanin damar ba da shawara kan ingantattun gyare-gyare da kulawa don ci gaba da aiki a masana'antar a mafi kyawun lokacinta. An tsara sashin BAC a mahakar ma'adinai ta Caraiba da ke Ero Copper, Brazil don amfani da wannan fasalin.
Dandalin Total Mine Ventilation Solutions (TMVS) yana ci gaba da gina dangantaka mai dorewa tsakanin masu amfani da makamashi kuma kamfanin zai ƙaddamar da nazarin yiwuwar iska mai amfani da makamashi (VoD) guda biyu a ƙasar a shekarar 2021.
A kan iyakar Zimbabwe, kamfanin yana aiki a kan wani aiki da zai ba da damar yin amfani da ƙofofi masu sarrafa kansu a cikin ma'adinan ƙarƙashin ƙasa ta hanyar bidiyo, wanda zai ba su damar buɗewa a tazara daban-daban da kuma samar da isasshen iska mai sanyaya dangane da takamaiman buƙatun motar.
Wannan ci gaban fasaha, ta amfani da kayayyakin more rayuwa na hakar ma'adinai da kuma hanyoyin samun bayanai na waje, zai zama muhimmin bangare na kayayyakin Howden na gaba.
Kwarewar Howden a Afirka ta Kudu: Koyi yadda ake tsara hanyoyin sanyaya don magance rashin ingancin ruwa a ma'adinan zinare masu zurfi, yadda ake samar da mafita mai inganci don guje wa matsalolin wutar lantarki, da kuma yadda ake biyan wasu daga cikin buƙatun ingancin iska mafi tsauri. Tsarin zafin jiki da lafiyar aiki a duk duniya - zai ci gaba da biyan buƙatun ma'adinai a duk duniya.
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