Mugodhi uyu uri kudzika gore rega rega - 30 m, zvichienderana nemishumo yeindasitiri.
Sezvo kudzika kwemvura kuchiwedzera, kudiwa kwemhepo inofefetera nekutonhodza kuri kuwedzerawo, uye Howden anoziva izvi kubva pakushanda nemigodhi yakadzika kwazvo muSouth Africa.
Howden yakavambwa muna 1854 naJames Howden kuScotland sekambani yeinjiniya yemugungwa uye yakapinda muSouth Africa muma1950 kuti ishande mumigodhi neindasitiri yemagetsi. Pakazosvika makore ekuma1960, kambani iyi yakabatsira kugadzira masisitimu ese emhepo neanotonhodza anodiwa mumigodhi yegoridhe yakadzika yenyika kuti ibudise matombo pasi pevhu zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira.
"Pakutanga, mugodhi waishandisa mhepo chete senzira yekutonhodza, asi sezvo kudzika kwemugodhi kwakawedzera, kutonhodza kwemuchina kwaidiwa kuti kudzoreredze kupisa kwaikura mumugodhi," Teunes Wasserman, mukuru wechikamu cheHowden's Mine Cooling and Compressors, akaudza IM.
Migodhi mizhinji yegoridhe yakadzika muSouth Africa yakaisa maFreon™ centrifugal coolers pamusoro nepasi pevhu kuti ipe kutonhora kunodiwa nevashandi vepasi pevhu nemidziyo.
Pasinei nekuvandudzika kwemamiriro ezvinhu, sisitimu yekudzikisa kupisa yemuchina wepasi pevhu yakaratidza dambudziko, sezvo kugona kutonhora kwemuchina kwaiganhurirwa nekupisa uye huwandu hwemhepo inobuda, akadaro Wasserman. Panguva imwe chete, hunhu hwemvura yemugodhi hwakakonzera kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwezvishandiso zvekupisa zveganda nechubhu zvinoshandiswa muzvidziyo izvi zvekutanga zve centrifugal.
Kuti dambudziko iri rigadziriswe, migodhi yakatanga kupomba mhepo inotonhora kubva pamusoro ichiiisa pasi. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichiwedzera kugona kwekutonhodza, zvivakwa zvinodiwa zvinotora nzvimbo mu silo uye maitiro acho anoda simba nesimba.
Kuti vagadzirise matambudziko aya, migodhi inoda kuwedzera huwandu hwemhepo inotonhora inounzwa pasi kuburikidza nemvura inotonhora.
Izvi zvakaita kuti Howden atange ma amino screw coolers mumigodhi muSouth Africa, kutanga mushure me ma surface centrifugal coolers aripo. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekuchinja kukuru kwehuwandu hwe coolant inogona kuendeswa kumigodhi yegoridhe yakadzika pasi pevhu, zvichikonzera kudzikira kweavhareji yekupisa kwemvura pamusoro pevhu kubva pa6-8°C kusvika pa1°C. Mugodhi unogona kushandisa zvivakwa zvepaipi yemugodhi zvakafanana, zvakawanda zvacho zvakatoiswa, ukuwo uchiwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwekutonhodza hunoendeswa kuzvikamu zvakadzika.
Makore angangoita makumi maviri mushure mekuunzwa kweWRV 510, Howden, kambani inotungamira mumusika, yakagadzira WRV 510, compressor hombe ine rotor ye510 mm. Yaive imwe yemacompressor makuru escrew aive pamusika panguva iyoyo uye yaienderana nehukuru hwechiller module hwaidiwa kuti itonhore migodhi yakadzika yeSouth Africa.
"Izvi zvinochinja zvinhu nekuti migodhi inogona kuisa chiller imwe chete ye10-12 MW pachinzvimbo chechiller dzakawanda," akadaro Wasserman. "Panguva imwe chete, ammonia segreen refrigerant yakakodzera kusanganiswa kwema screw compressors nema plate heat exchangers."
Zvaifungwa nezveAmmonia zvakagadziriswa mumatanho ekuchengetedza ammonia muindasitiri yemigodhi, Howden ichiita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwayo. Zvakagadziridzwa uye zvakabatanidzwa mumutemo weSouth Africa.
Kubudirira uku kunoonekwa nekuisa simba rekuchengetedza mvura rinodarika 350 MW reammonia neindasitiri yemigodhi yeSouth Africa, iyo inoonekwa seyakakura kupfuura dzimwe dzose pasi rose.
Asi hunyanzvi hwaHowden muSouth Africa hahuna kugumira ipapo: muna 1985 kambani yakawedzera muchina wechando wepamusoro pamidziyo yayo inotonhodza simbi yemugodhi.
Sezvo nzira dzekutonhodza pamusoro nepasi pevhu dzichinyanya kudhura kana kuti dzichionekwa sedzinodhura zvakanyanya, migodhi iri kuda nzira itsva yekutonhodza kuti iwedzere kuchera kusvika padanho rakadzama.
Howden yakaisa fekitori yayo yekutanga yekugadzira aizi (muenzaniso uri pazasi) muna 1985 paEPM (East Rand Proprietary Mine) kumabvazuva kweJohannesburg, iyo ine simba rekutonhodza rekupedzisira rinosvika 40 MW uye simba rechando re4320 t/h.
Hwaro hwekushanda uku kuumbwa kwechando pamusoro pemvura uye kuchitakura nemumugodhi kuenda kudhamu rechando riri pasi pevhu, uko mvura inobva mudhamu rechando inozotenderedzwa munzvimbo dzekutonhodza pasi pevhu kana kushandiswa semvura yekugadzira matsime ekuchera. Aizi yakanyunguduka inozopombwa zvakare pamusoro pemvura.
Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira pakugadzira aizi iyi ndechekudzikira kwemitengo yekupomba, izvo zvinoderedza mari yekushandisa inosanganisirwa nemasisitimu emvura inotonhorera pamusoro neanenge 75-80%. Izvi zvinokonzerwa ne "simba rekutonhodza rinochengetwa mukuchinja kwemvura," akadaro Wasserman, achitsanangura kuti 1kg/s yechando ine simba rekutonhodza rakafanana ne4.5-5kg/s yemvura yakaomeswa nechando.
Nekuda kwe "kugona kwekuisa zvinhu zvakanaka", dhamu repasi pevhu rinogona kuchengetedzwa pa2-5°C kuti rivandudze mashandiro ekupisa kwenzvimbo yekutonhodza mhepo yepasi pevhu, zvichiwedzera kugona kutonhodza.
Imwe mukana wekuti chigadzirwa chemagetsi echando muSouth Africa chinoshanda zvakanyanya, nyika inozivikanwa negridi yayo yemagetsi isina kugadzikana, kugona kwechirongwa ichi kushandiswa senzira yekuchengetedza kupisa, uko chando chinogadzirwa uye chinounganidzwa mumadhamu echando epasi pevhu uye munguva dzekupisa.
Kubatsira uku kwekupedzisira kwakatungamira mukuvandudzwa kwechirongwa chekudyidzana kweindasitiri chinotsigirwa neEskom umo Howden iri kuferefeta kushandiswa kwevanogadzira aizi kuderedza kudiwa kwemagetsi kwakanyanya, pamwe nekuyedzwa kwemugodhi wepasi pevhu weMponeng neMoab Hotsong, migodhi yepasi pevhu yakadzika kwazvo pasi pevhu pasi rose.
"Takaomesa dhamu usiku (pashure penguva yebasa) uye takashandisa mvura nechando chakanyunguduka senzira yekutonhodza mugodhi panguva yekushaikwa kwemvura," Wasserman akatsanangura. "Mayuniti ekutonhodza epasi anodzimwa panguva yekushaikwa kwemvura, izvo zvinoderedza mutoro uri pagrid."
Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nemuchina wechando weTurnkey kuMponeng, uko Howden akapedza basa iri kusanganisira michina yemagetsi, yemagetsi neyemakanika yemuchina wechando we12 MW, 120 t/h.
Zvimwe zvakawedzerwa munguva pfupi yapfuura muhurongwa hwaMponeng hwekutonhodza zvinosanganisira aizi yakapfava, mvura inotonhorera pamusoro, zvinotonhorera pamusoro pemhepo (BACs) uye sisitimu yekutonhodza pasi pevhu, kuvapo kwemunyu wakanyungudutswa nemachloride mumvura yemugodhi panguva yebasa.
Ruzivo rwakawanda rweSouth Africa uye kutarisa pamhinduro, kwete zvigadzirwa chete, zviri kuramba zvichichinja masisitimu efiriji pasi rose, anodaro.
Sezvakataurwa naWasserman, sezvo migodhi yakawanda ichiwedzera kudzika uye nzvimbo yakawanda mumigodhi, zviri nyore kuona mhinduro dzakadai dzichiwanikwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi.
Meinhardt akati: “Howden yave ichitengesa tekinoroji yayo yekutonhodza migodhi kuSouth Africa kwemakumi emakore. Semuenzaniso, takapa mhinduro dzekutonhodza migodhi yegoridhe yepasi pevhu muNevada kuma1990.
"Tekinoroji inonakidza inoshandiswa mumigodhi yeSouth Africa ndeyekuchengetera aizi inodziya kuti ifambiswe nemafuta - simba rinodziya rinochengetwa mumadhamu makuru echando. Aizi inogadzirwa panguva yekunaya kwemvura uye inoshandiswa panguva yekunaya kwemvura," akadaro. "Kare, mayuniti ekutonhodza akagadzirwa kuti asvike tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kusvika maawa matatu pazuva mukati memwedzi yezhizha. Zvisinei, kana uchikwanisa kuchengetedza simba rinotonhora, unogona kuderedza simba iroro."
"Kana uine hurongwa hune mwero wepamusoro-soro uye uchida kusimudzira mitengo yakaderera munguva dzisiri dzepamusoro-soro, mhinduro idzi dzekugadzira aizi dzinogona kuva nyaya yakasimba yebhizinesi," akadaro. "Mari yekutanga yefekitori inogona kuderedza mitengo yakaderera yekushanda."
Panguva imwe chete, BAC, iyo yave ichishandiswa mumigodhi yeSouth Africa kwemakumi emakore, iri kuwedzera kukosha pasi rose.
Zvichienzaniswa nemagadzirirwo eBAC echinyakare, chizvarwa cheBAC chazvino chine simba rekupisa rakakwirira kupfuura mamwe akambotanga, miganhu yekupisa kwemhepo yemugodhi yakaderera uye nhanho diki. Vanobatanidzawo module yekudzikisa-pa-kuda (CoD) mupuratifomu yeHowden Ventsim CONTROL, iyo inogadzirisa otomatiki tembiricha yemhepo yekorasi kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa pasi pevhu.
Mugore rapfuura, Howden yakapa maBAC matatu matsva kuvatengi vari muBrazil neBurkina Faso.
Kambani iyi inokwanisawo kugadzira mhinduro dzakagadzirwa kuti dzigadzirise mamiriro akaoma ekushanda; muenzaniso wechangobva kuitika ndewekuiswa kweBAC ammonia coolers yeOZ Minerals pamugodhi weCarrapateena kuSouth Australia.
“Howden yakaisa ma "dry condenser" neHowden ammonia compressors uye ma "closed loop dry air coolers" muAustralia pasina mvura iripo,” akadaro Wasserman nezvekugadzirwa kwacho. “Zvichienderana nekuti iyi "dry installation" kwete ma "open spray coolers" akaiswa mu "water systems", ma "coolers" aya akagadzirirwa kushanda zvakanaka.”
Kambani iyi parizvino iri kuyedza nzira yekutarisa mashandiro emuchina weBAC une simba re8 MW (uri pamufananidzo uri pazasi) wakagadzirwa uye wakavakwa pamugodhi weYaramoko Fortuna Silver (waimbonzi Roxgold) muBurkina Faso.
Sisitimu iyi, inotongwa nefekitori yeHowden muJohannesburg, inobvumira kambani kupa mazano pamusoro pekuvandudza mashandiro uye kugadzirisa mashandiro ayo kuitira kuti fekitori irambe ichishanda zvakanaka. BAC unit iri paCaraiba mining complex muEro Copper, Brazil yakagadzirirwawo kushandisa chinhu ichi.
Chikuva cheTotal Mine Ventilation Solutions (TMVS) chinoramba chichivaka hukama hwakasimba uye kambani iyi ichatanga zvidzidzo zviviri zvekushandisa Ventilation On Demand (VoD) munyika muna 2021.
Pamuganhu weZimbabwe chaipo, kambani iyi iri kushanda pachirongwa chichabvumira magonhi ega ega ari mumigodhi yepasi pevhu kuti avhurike panguva dzakasiyana-siyana uye kuti mhepo inotonhorera ikwane zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemotokari.
Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uku, uchishandisa zvivakwa zvekuchera zviripo uye manyuko edata aripo, zvichave chikamu chakakosha chezvigadzirwa zveHowden zvemangwana.
Chiitiko cheHowden muSouth Africa: Dzidza kugadzira mhinduro dzekutonhodza kuti dzigadzirise dambudziko remvura mumigodhi yayo yegoridhe yakadzika, maitiro ekugadzirisa mhinduro kuti dzishandise simba shoma sezvinobvira kudzivirira matambudziko egrid, uye maitiro ekuzadzisa zvimwe zvezvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvemhando yemhepo. Tembiricha nehutano hwebasa pasi rose Mutemo - ucharamba uchibatsira migodhi pasi rese.
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