Mubvunzo: Munguva pfupi yapfuura takatanga kuita rimwe basa rinoda kuti zvimwe zvikamu zvigadzirwe kubva ku304 Stainless simbi, iyo inobatanidzwa pachayo uye kune yakapfava simbi.Isu takasangana nedzimwe nyaya nekutsemuka kweweld pakati pesimbi isina tsvina uye simbi inosvika 1.25 ″ gobvu.Zvakataurwa kuti tine yakaderera ferrite mazinga.Unogona here kutsanangura kuti chii uye kuti chingagadziriswa sei?
A: Uyu mubvunzo wakanaka.Ehe, isu tinogona kukubatsira iwe kuti unzwisise izvo zvakaderera ferrite zvinoreva uye kuti ungazvidzivirira sei.
Kutanga, ngatitarisei tsananguro yesimbi isina tsvina (SS) uye kuti ferrite inoenderana sei nemajoini akasungwa.Simbi nhema uye alloys ane pamusoro pe50% iron.Izvi zvinosanganisira ese kabhoni uye simbi isina tsvina, pamwe nemamwe mapoka.Aluminium, mhangura, uye titanium haina simbi, saka mienzaniso yakanaka kwazvo yeasina-ferrous alloys.
Zvikamu zvikuru zveiyi alloy isimbi yekabhoni ine iron inokwana 90% uye simbi isina tsvina ine simbi ye70 kusvika 80%.Kuti iverengerwe seSS, inofanirwa kunge iine 11.5% chromium yakawedzerwa.Chromium mazinga ari pamusoro peichi chikumbaridzo chinosimudzira kuumbwa kwefirimu rechromium oxide panzvimbo dzesimbi uye kudzivirira kuumbwa kweiyo oxidation senge ngura (iron oxide) kana kemikari inorwisa ngura.
Simbi isina tsvina inonyanya kukamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: austenitic, ferritic uye martensitic.Zita ravo rinobva kune chimiro chekristaro pane tembiricha yekamuri iyo yavanogadzirwa.Rimwe boka rakajairika ndeye duplex simbi isina tsvina, inova chiyero pakati peferrite uye austenite muchimiro chekristaro.
Austenitic mamakisi, 300 akatevedzana, ane 16% kusvika 30% chromium uye 8% kusvika 40% nickel, ichigadzira yakanyanya austenitic crystal chimiro.Stabilizers senge nickel, kabhoni, manganese, uye nitrogen inowedzerwa panguva yekugadzira simbi yekubatsira kuumba iyo austenite-ferrite ratio.Mamwe magiredhi akajairwa 304, 316 uye 347. Inopa kunaka kusaita ngura;inonyanya kushandiswa mune zvekudya, makemikari, mishonga uye cryogenic industries.Kudzora kwekuumbwa kweferrite kunopa kuomarara kwakanyanya pakudziya kwakaderera.
Ferritic SS igiredhi mazana mana akatevedzana ane magineti akazara, ane 11.5% kusvika 30% chromium, uye ine yakawanda ferritic crystal chimiro.Kukurudzira kuumbwa kweferrite, stabilizers dzinosanganisira chromium, silicon, molybdenum uye niobium panguva yekugadzirwa kwesimbi.Aya marudzi eSS anowanzo shandiswa mumotokari exhaust masisitimu uye powertrains uye ane mashoma tembiricha ekushandisa.Mhando dzinoverengeka dzinowanzo shandiswa: 405, 409, 430 uye 446.
Martensitic mamakisi, anonziwo 400 akatevedzana, akadai se403, 410, uye 440, ane magineti, ane 11.5% kusvika 18% chromium, uye ane martensitic crystal chimiro.Musanganiswa uyu une goridhe rakadzikira, zvichiita kuti dzisadhure kugadzira.Ivo vanopa kumwe kuramba kwecorrosion, simba repamusoro, uye vanowanzoshandiswa mumatafura, mazino uye ekuvhiya michina, cookware, uye mamwe marudzi ematurusi.
Kana iwe weld Stainless simbi, mhando ye substrate uye mashandisirwo ayo musevhisi inozoona yakakodzera simbi yekuzadza ichashandiswa.Kana iwe uri kushandisa nzira yekudzivirira gasi, ungangoda kubhadhara zvakanyanya kudzivirira gasi musanganiswa kudzivirira mamwe matambudziko ane chekuita newelding.
Kuti utengese iyo 304 pachayo, iwe unozoda E308/308L electrode."L" inomirira low carbon, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira intergranular corrosion.Iyo kabhoni yeaya maelectrode isingasviki 0.03%, kana kukosha uku kukapfuura, njodzi yekuisa kabhoni pamiganhu yezviyo uye chromium bonding kuti iumbe chromium carbides inowedzera, iyo inobudirira inoderedza kushomeka kwesimbi.Izvi zvinova pachena kana ngura ikaitika munzvimbo ine kupisa-yakakanganiswa (HAZ) yesimbi isina tsvina welds.Imwe fungidziro yegiredhi L Stainless simbi ndeyekuti ivo vane yakaderera tensile simba pane yakakwirira tembiricha kushanda pane yakatwasuka Stainless simbi mamakisi.
Sezvo 304 iri austenitic mhando yesimbi isina simbi, inoenderana weld simbi ichave ine yakawanda yeaustenite.Nekudaro, iyo electrode pachayo ichange iine ferrite stabilizer, senge molybdenum, kukurudzira kuumbwa kweferrite mu weld simbi.Vagadziri vanowanzo nyora huwandu hwehuwandu hweferrite kune weld metal.Sezvambotaurwa, kabhoni yakasimba austenitic stabilizer uye nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi zvakakosha kudzivirira kuwedzera kwayo kune weld simbi.
Nhamba dzeFerrite dzinotorwa kubva kuScheffler chati uye WRC-1992 chati, iyo inoshandisa nickel uye chromium akaenzana mafomula kuverenga kukosha kwekuti kana yarongwa pachati inopa nhamba yakajairwa.Nhamba yeferrite pakati pe0 ne7 inoenderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwe ferritic crystal structure iripo mu weld metal, zvisinei, pazvikamu zvepamusoro, nhamba yeferrite inowedzera nokukurumidza.Rangarira kuti ferrite muSS haina kufanana nekabhoni simbi ferrite, asi chikamu chinonzi delta ferrite.Austenitic Stainless simbi haiite chikamu shanduko yakabatana nepamusoro tembiricha maitiro senge kupisa kupisa.
Kuumbwa kweferrite kunodiwa nekuti yakawanda ductile pane austenite, asi inofanira kudzorwa.Iyo yakaderera ferrite yemukati inogona kupa welds ane yakanakisa corrosion kuramba mune mamwe maapplication, asi ivo vanonyanya kujaira kupisa kupisa panguva yekupisa.Pakushandiswa kwese, huwandu hwemaferi hunofanirwa kunge huri pakati pe5 ne10, asi mamwe maapplication angangoda yakaderera kana yakakwirira kukosha.Ferrites inogona kuongororwa zviri nyore munzvimbo yebasa ine ferrite chiratidzo.
Sezvo wataura kuti une matambudziko nekutsemuka uye yakaderera ferrite, unofanirwa kunyatso tarisisa simbi yako yekuzadza uye ita shuwa kuti iri kugadzira akakwana maferrite - akatenderedza masere anofanira kuita hunyengeri.Zvakare, kana uri kushandisa flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), simbi dzekuzadza idzi dzinowanzoshandisa gasi renhovo ye100% kabhoni dhaikisaidhi kana musanganiswa we75% argon uye 25% CO2, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti weld simbi itore kabhoni.Unogona kushandura kusimbi arc welding (GMAW) maitiro uye shandisa 98% argon/2% musanganiswa weokisijeni kuderedza mukana wekuisa kabhoni.
Kana welding simbi isina kabhoni, filler zvinhu E309L inofanira kushandiswa.Iyi simbi yekuzadza inonyanyo shandiswa kune dissimilar simbi welding, ichigadzira imwe huwandu hweferrite mushure mekunge kabhoni simbi yanyungudika mu weld.Nekuti kabhoni simbi inotora imwe kabhoni, ferrite stabilizer inowedzerwa kune inozadza simbi kurwisa tsika yekabhoni kugadzira austenite.Izvi zvichabatsira kudzivirira kuputika kwekupisa panguva yewelding.
Mukupedzisa, kana iwe uchida kugadzirisa zvinopisa zvakatsemuka mu austenitic Stainless simbi welds, tarisa yakakwana ferrite filler simbi uye tevera yakanaka welding tsika.Chengetedza kupinza kwekushisa kuri pasi pe50 kJ/in, chengetedza tembiricha iri pakati nepakati kusvika yakaderera, uye ona kuti majoini anotengeswa akachena asati asungwa.Shandisa geji yakakodzera kuti utarise huwandu hweferrite pane weld, uchivavarira 5-10.
WELDER, yaimbonzi Practical Welding Nhasi, inomiririra vanhu chaivo vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zvatinoshandisa uye kushanda nazvo mazuva ese.Magazini ino yave ichishandira nharaunda yekuNorth America kwemakore anopfuura 20.
Iye zvino nekuwana kwakazara kuThe FABRICATOR digital edition, kuwana nyore kune zvakakosha indasitiri zviwanikwa.
Iyo yedhijitari edition yeThe Tube & Pipe Journal yave kuwanikwa zvizere, ichipa nyore kuwana kune yakakosha indasitiri zviwanikwa.
Wana mukana wakazara wedhijitari ku STAMPING Journal, ine tekinoroji yazvino, maitiro epamusoro uye nhau dzeindasitiri yemusika wesimbi.
Iye zvino nekuwana kwakazara kwedhijitari kuThe Fabricator en Español, iwe unokwanisa kuwana nyore kune yakakosha indasitiri zviwanikwa.