Ibyuma bitarangwamo umwanda ntabwo bigoye kubikoraho, ariko gusudira bisaba kwitonda cyane. Ntabwo bikuraho ubushyuhe nk'icyuma cyoroshye cyangwa aluminiyumu, kandi bishobora gutakaza ubudahangarwa bw'umucanga niba ubishyizemo ubushyuhe bwinshi. Uburyo bwiza bufasha mu gukomeza kurwanya kwangirika. Ishusho: Miller Electric
Kuba icyuma kidashyuha cyane gihangana n’ingufu bituma kiba amahitamo meza ku bikoresho byinshi by’ingenzi byo gushyiramo imiyoboro, harimo ibiryo n’ibinyobwa bisukuye cyane, imiti, imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Ariko, iki gikoresho ntigikuraho ubushyuhe nk’icyuma cyoroshye cyangwa aluminiyumu, kandi gusudira nabi bishobora kugabanya ingufu zacyo. Gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi no gukoresha icyuma kitari cyo ni ingaruka ebyiri.
Gukurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umugese bishobora gufasha kunoza umusaruro no kwemeza ko icyuma kigumana ubudahangarwa bwacyo bwo kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, kuvugurura uburyo bwo gusudira bishobora kuzana inyungu mu musaruro hatabayeho kwangiza ireme.
Mu gusudira ibyuma bitagira umugese, guhitamo ibyuma bicukura ni ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura ingano ya karuboni. Ibyuma bicukura bikoreshwa mu gusudira imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese bigomba kongera imikorere yo gusudira no kubahiriza ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa.
Shaka ibyuma byuzuza bifite inyito ya "L", nka ER308L, kuko bitanga ingano ntoya ya karuboni ifasha mu kubungabunga ubwiyongere bw'ibyuma bitagira karuboni nyinshi. Gusudira icyuma gisanzwe gifite karuboni nke ukoresheje ibyuma bisanzwe byongera ingano ya karuboni mu gice gisutswe, byongera ibyago byo kwangirika. Irinde ibyuma byuzuza bifite inyito ya "H" kuko bitanga ingano nyinshi ya karuboni kandi byagenewe gukoreshwa bisaba imbaraga nyinshi mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
Mu gusudira ibyuma bitarangwamo umwanda, ni ngombwa kandi guhitamo icyuma cyuzuza gifite urugero ruto rw'ibintu (kizwi kandi nk'imyanda). Ibi ni ibintu bisigaye mu bikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma byuzuza, harimo antimoni, arsenic, fosforu na sulfur. Bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku burwanyi bw'ibintu.
Kubera ko icyuma kitagira umushongi kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe bushyirwamo, gutegura ingingo no guteranya neza bigira uruhare runini mu kugenzura ubushyuhe kugira ngo ibintu bikomeze kuba byiza. Bitewe n'icyuho kiri hagati y'ibice cyangwa uburinganire butaringaniye, itara rigomba kuguma ahantu hamwe igihe kirekire kandi hagakenerwa ibyuma byinshi byo kuzuza kugira ngo byuzuze ibyo bicu. Ibi bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera mu gace kagize ikibazo, bishobora gushyushya cyane igice. Kuba kitameze neza bishobora kandi gutuma bigorana kuziba icyuho no kubona uburyo bwo kwinjiramo bukenewe. Witondere ko ibice byinjiye mu cyuma kitagira umushongi hafi cyane uko bishoboka kose.
Isuku y'iki gikoresho nayo ni ingenzi cyane. Uduce duto cyane tw'umwanda cyangwa umwanda mu ngingo zishongeshejwe bishobora gutera inenge zigabanya imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bw'umusaruro wa nyuma. Kugira ngo usukure substrate mbere yo gusudira, koresha uburoso bwihariye bw'icyuma kitagira umugese butakoreshejwe ku cyuma cya karubone cyangwa aluminiyumu.
Mu byuma bitangiza ibyuma, ubushobozi bwo gukurura ibyuma niyo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma habaho gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese. Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo ubushyuhe bwo gusudira n'igipimo cyo gukonjesha bihindagurika cyane, bigahindura imiterere y'ibikoresho.
Iyi OD ikoreshwa mu gusudira ku muyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umugese, ikoresheje GMAW na regulated metal deposition (RMD) idakoresheje backflushing y'inzira y'umuzi, isa mu buryo n'ubwiza nk'ubwo isudirwamo ikozwe muri backflushed GTAW.
Igice cy'ingenzi mu kurwanya ingese mu byuma bitagira umugese ni chromium oxyde. Ariko iyo karuboni iri mu cyuma gisudira ari nyinshi cyane, chromium carbide irakora. Ibi bihuza chromium kandi bikabuza ko chromium oxyde ikenewe ibaho, ibyo bigatuma icyuma gitagira umugese kidakora ingese. Iyo chromium oxyde idafite umugese uhagije, ibyo bikoresho ntibizagira imiterere ikenewe kandi ingese izabaho.
Gukumira ubushyuhe bishingira ku guhitamo icyuma cyuzuza ubushyuhe no kugenzura uburyo ubushyuhe bwinjira. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, ni ngombwa guhitamo icyuma cyuzuza ubushyuhe buke mu gusudira icyuma kitagira umukungugu. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe karuboni irakenewe kugira ngo itange imbaraga mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe. Kugenzura ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo icyuma cyuzuza ubushyuhe buke kitari amahitamo.
Gabanya igihe ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bimara ku bushyuhe buri hejuru—bikunze gufatwa nk'ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 500 kugeza 800. Uko ubushyuhe bumara igihe gito muri ubu bwoko, niko ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Buri gihe genzura kandi urebe ubushyuhe bw'interpass mu buryo bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe.
Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha ibyuma byuzuza byakozwe mu buryo bwo guhuza ibintu nka titaniyumu na niobiyumu kugira ngo hirindwe ko karubide ya chromium ibaho. Kubera ko ibi bice bigira ingaruka ku bukomezi no gukomera, ibi byuma byuzuza ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa byose.
Gusudira arc ya gaz tungsten (GTAW) ku muyoboro w'imizi ni bwo buryo gakondo bwo gusudira imiyoboro y'icyuma kitagira umugese. Ibi akenshi bisaba gusudira arugoni inyuma kugira ngo birinde ogisijeni inyuma y'umuyoboro. Ariko, ikoreshwa ry'insinga mu miyoboro y'icyuma kitagira umugese riri kugenda rirushaho kugaragara. Muri ubu buryo, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa uburyo imyuka itandukanye ikingira impanuka igira ingaruka ku burwanyi bw'ibikoresho.
Mu gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda (GMAW), argon na dioxyde de carbone, uruvange rwa argon na ogisijeni, cyangwa uruvange rwa gaze eshatu (helium, argon, na dioxyde de carbone) ni byo bikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe. Ubusanzwe, izi mvange zigizwe ahanini na argon cyangwa helium na dioxyde de carbone iri munsi ya 5%, kuko dioxyde de carbone itanga karubone mu kidendezi cyo gusudira kandi yongera ibyago byo kumva. Argon y'umwimerere ntiyemerwa kuri GMAW ku byuma bitagira umwanda.
Insinga zikozwe mu cyuma gifunganye zikozwe mu buryo bwa flux-core zikozwe mu buryo bwa flux-core zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa gakondo bwa 75% bya argon na 25% bya dioxyde de carbone. Flux ikubiyemo ibintu byagenewe gukumira karubone iva muri gaze ikingira kwanduza icyuma gisukamo.
Uko ibikorwa bya GMAW byagiye bitera imbere, byorohereje uburyo bwo gusudira imiyoboro n'imiyoboro by'ibyuma bitagira umugese. Nubwo hari ibikorwa bishobora gukenera uburyo bwa GTAW, uburyo bugezweho bwo gusimbuza insinga bushobora gutanga ubuziranenge busa n'ubw'ibikoresho byinshi by'ibyuma bitagira umugese.
Udupira tw’icyuma gikozwe muri GMAW RMD dusa mu bwiza no mu isura nk’utwo dupira tw’icyuma gikozwe muri OD.
Uburyo bwo gusohora imizi bukoresha uburyo bwa GMAW bwo gusohora imizi bukoresha uburyo bwa "short-circuit GMAW" nka Miller's Regulated Metal Deposition (RMD) bukuraho gusohora imizi mu byuma bimwe na bimwe bita "austenitic stainless steel". Uburyo bwo gusohora imizi bwa RMD bushobora gukurikirwa na GMAW ikoresha "pulsed" cyangwa "flux-cored arc welding fill and cap passes"—impinduka zigabanya igihe n'amafaranga ugereranije no gukoresha GTAW hamwe no gusohora imizi, cyane cyane ku miyoboro minini.
RMD ikoresha uburyo bwo kohereza icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi make kugira ngo ikore ikidendezi gituje kandi gihamye. Ibi bitanga amahirwe make yo gukonja cyangwa kutagira aho bihurira, gusibangana guke no kwinjira neza kw'imiyoboro y'amazi. Kohereza icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi neza binatanga uburyo bwo gushyiramo amazi mu buryo bumwe, bigatuma byoroha kugenzura pisine ikoreshwa mu kohereza amashanyarazi bityo bigatuma ubushyuhe bukwirakwira ndetse n'umuvuduko wo kohereza amashanyarazi.
Uburyo budasanzwe bushobora kongera umusaruro wo gusudira. Iyo ukoresheje RMD, umuvuduko wo gusudira ushobora kuba hagati ya inches 6 na 12/min. Kubera ko uburyo bwongera umusaruro nta gushyushya kw'ibice, bifasha kubungabunga imiterere n'ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma kidashonga. Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bw'uburyo bwo gukora binafasha kugenzura ihinduka ry'ubutaka.
Ubu buryo bwa GMAW butanga uburebure bw'umurambararo mugufi, uduce duto tw'umurambararo kandi butanga ubushyuhe buke ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza umurambararo. Kubera ko uburyo bukorwa buri mu murongo ufunze, intera iri hagati y'umurambararo n'intera iva ku gice cyo hagati irakurwaho cyane. Ibi bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura ikidendezi cyo gusudira mu mwanya wacyo no hanze yacyo. Amaherezo, guhuza GMAW ikoresha umurambararo wo kuzuza no gupfundikira umupfundikizo na RMD ku murambararo w'umuzi bituma uburyo bwo gusudira bukorwa hakoreshejwe insinga imwe na gaze imwe, bikuraho igihe cyo guhindura inzira.
Ikinyamakuru Tube & Pipe Journal cyabaye ikinyamakuru cya mbere cyihaye inshingano zo gukorera inganda z'imiyoboro y'ibyuma mu 1990. Ubu, ni cyo kinyamakuru cyonyine muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru cyihariye inganda kandi cyabaye isoko ryizewe cyane ry'amakuru ku bakora mu by'imiyoboro.
Ubu hamwe n'uburyo bwose bwo kubona igitabo cya The FABRICATOR gikoresha ikoranabuhanga, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ikinyamakuru The Tube & Pipe Journal cyo kuri interineti ubu kiraboneka neza, gitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ishimire uburyo bwose bwo kubona STAMPING Journal yo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, itanga iterambere rigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ndetse n'amakuru y'inganda ku isoko ry'ubukorikori bw'ibyuma.
Ubu dufite uburenganzira bwose bwo kubona igitabo cy’ikoranabuhanga cyitwa The Fabricator en Español, kandi byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by’agaciro by’inganda.