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Imashini ikoreshwa ahantu hose kandi ikora igenzurwa mugukoresha imbaraga zishimishije cyangwa torque kugirango ikore ibikorwa bitandukanye mubikorwa byo gukora no gutangiza inganda.Gukenera byihuse, bito kandi bikora neza ni ugutwara udushya mugushushanya.Shapure Memory Alloy (SMA) itanga ibyiza byinshi kurenza drives zisanzwe, harimo nimbaraga ndende-yuburemere.Muri iki gitabo, hashyizweho amababa abiri ya SMA ashingiye ku mikorere ihuza ibyiza by'imitsi y'amababa ya sisitemu y'ibinyabuzima n'imiterere yihariye ya SMA.Ubu bushakashatsi burasesengura kandi bukagura ibikorwa bya SMA byabanjirije gukora imibare yimibare yimikorere mishya ishingiye kuri simode ya bimodal SMA no kuyigerageza mubigeragezo.Ugereranije na drives izwi ishingiye kuri SMA, imbaraga zo gukora za disiki nshya nibura inshuro 5 hejuru (kugeza 150 N).Kugabanuka ibiro bijyanye ni 67%.Ibisubizo byo kwiyumvisha isesengura ryimibare ni ingirakamaro muguhuza ibipimo byubushakashatsi no gusobanukirwa ibipimo byingenzi.Ubu bushakashatsi burerekana kandi urwego rwinshi rwa Nth icyiciro gishobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imbaraga.SMA ishingiye kuri dipvalerate imitsi ikora ibintu byinshi, kuva kubaka automatike kugeza sisitemu yo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge neza.
Sisitemu y'ibinyabuzima, nkimiterere yimitsi yinyamabere, irashobora gukora ibintu byinshi byoroshye1.Inyamaswa z’inyamabere zifite imiterere itandukanye, buri kimwe gikora intego runaka.Nyamara, igice kinini cyimiterere yinyama zinyamabere zirashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri bigari.Kuringaniza no kwandika.Muri hamstrings hamwe nizindi flexors, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, imitsi ibangikanye ifite fibre yimitsi ihwanye nigitekerezo cyo hagati.Urunigi rwimitsi yimitsi itondekanye kandi ikorana nuduce duhuza hafi yabo.Nubwo iyi mitsi ivugwa ko ifite ingendo nini (kugabanya ijanisha), imbaraga zimitsi muri rusange ni nke cyane.Ibinyuranye na byo, muri triceps inyana yinyana2 (gastrocnemius (GL) 3), gastrocnemius yo hagati (GM) 4 na soleus (SOL)) hamwe na femoris ya extensor (quadriceps) ibice 5,6 byimitsi yimitsi iboneka muri buri mitsi7.Muburyo bwa pinnate, fibre yimitsi muri musculature ya bipennate irahari kumpande zombi zumutwe wo hagati kumpande ya oblique (inguni ya pinnate).Pennate ikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini “penna”, risobanura “ikaramu”, kandi, nk'uko bigaragara ku mutini.1 ifite isura isa.Fibre yimitsi ya pennate ni ngufi kandi igana kumurongo muremure wimitsi.Bitewe nuburyo bwa pinnate, muri rusange kugenda kwiyi mitsi biragabanuka, biganisha kuri transvers na longitudinal bigize inzira yo kugabanya.Kurundi ruhande, gukora kwiyo mitsi biganisha ku mbaraga zimitsi muri rusange bitewe nuburyo agace ka physiologique kambukiranya.Kubwibyo, kubice byatanzwe byambukiranya ibice, imitsi ya pennate izakomera kandi izabyara imbaraga zisumba imitsi ifite fibre ibangikanye.Imbaraga zakozwe na fibre kugiti cye zitanga imbaraga zimitsi kurwego rwa macroscopique mururwo rugingo.Mubyongeyeho, ifite ibintu byihariye nko kugabanuka byihuse, kurinda ibyangiritse bikabije, kuryama.Ihindura isano iri hagati yinjiza fibre nimbaraga zimitsi ikoresheje ibintu byihariye hamwe na geometrike igoye ya fibre itunganijwe ifitanye isano nimirongo yimikorere.
Herekanwa ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana ibishushanyo mbonera bya SMA bishingiye ku bijyanye n’imiterere yimitsi ya bimodal, urugero (a), igereranya imikoranire yimbaraga zikoresha ibikoresho byifashishwa ninsinga za SMA zishyirwa kumashanyarazi abiri yimodoka yigenga 9,10..Umwanya wijisho rya prostate ugenzurwa nikimenyetso kiva mumitsi ya ocular yijisho11, (c) Imikorere ya SMA nibyiza gukoreshwa mumazi bitewe nubushyuhe bwayo bwinshi hamwe numuyoboro muke.Muri iyi miterere, ibyuma bya SMA bikoreshwa mugukora umuvuduko wikigereranyo wigana amafi, (d) Imikorere ya SMA ikoreshwa mugukora robot yo kugenzura imiyoboro ya mikorobe ishobora gukoresha ihame ryimikorere yinzoka ya santimetero, igenzurwa nigenda ryinsinga za SMA imbere yumuyoboro wa 10, (e) yerekana icyerekezo cyimitsi yo mumitsi igabanuka mumitsi ya gastrocnemius ingirangingo ya fibre yerekana imitsi ya fibre.
Abakoresha babaye igice cyingenzi cya sisitemu yubukanishi bitewe nuburyo bwagutse bwa porogaramu.Kubwibyo, gukenera bito, byihuse kandi bikora neza bigenda biba ingenzi.Nubwo ibyiza byabo, drives gakondo byagaragaye ko bihenze kandi bitwara igihe kugirango ubungabunge.Hydraulic na pneumatic actuator iragoye kandi ihenze kandi irashobora kwambara, ibibazo byo gusiga no kunanirwa kw'ibigize.Mu gusubiza icyifuzo, icyibandwaho ni ugutezimbere-bidahenze, ubunini-butezimbere kandi bukora neza bushingiye kubikoresho byubwenge.Ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa burimo kureba imiterere yibikoresho (SMA) ikora kugirango ikemure iki kibazo.Imikorere ya Hierarchical irihariye kuko ihuza ibikorwa byinshi byihariye muri geometrike igoye ya macro nini ya sisitemu yo gutanga imikorere yiyongera kandi yagutse.Ni muri urwo rwego, imitsi yumuntu yasobanuwe haruguru itanga urugero rwiza rwibice byinshi byimikorere myinshi.Ubu bushakashatsi burasobanura urwego rwinshi rwa SMA hamwe nibintu byinshi byo gutwara (insinga za SMA) bihujwe na fibre yerekanwe muri imitsi ya bimodal, itezimbere imikorere rusange ya Drive.
Intego nyamukuru ya actuator nugukora ingufu za mashini nkingufu no kwimura muguhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi.Imiterere yibikoresho bya shitingi nicyiciro cyibikoresho "byubwenge" bishobora kugarura imiterere yabyo mubushyuhe bwinshi.Munsi yimitwaro myinshi, kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA biganisha kumiterere, bikavamo imbaraga nyinshi zingirakamaro ugereranije nibikoresho bitandukanye byubwenge bihujwe.Mugihe kimwe, munsi yumutwaro wubukanishi, SMAs iba yoroheje.Mubihe bimwe na bimwe, umutwaro wikizunguruka urashobora gukurura no kurekura ingufu za mashini, ukerekana imiterere ihindagurika yimiterere.Iyi miterere idasanzwe ituma SMA iba nziza kuri sensor, guhindagurika kunyeganyega cyane cyane ikora12.Hamwe nibitekerezo, habaye ubushakashatsi bwinshi kuri drives ya SMA.Twabibutsa ko ibikorwa bya SMA bishingiye kubikorwa byo gutanga ibisobanuro no kuzenguruka kubikorwa bitandukanye13,14,15.Nubwo hari ibyuma bizunguruka byatejwe imbere, abashakashatsi bashishikajwe cyane cyane nu murongo.Imirongo ikora irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu bwimikorere: icyerekezo kimwe, kwimura hamwe no gutandukanya ibintu 16.Ku ikubitiro, disiki ya Hybrid yaremye ifatanije na SMA nizindi drives zisanzwe.Imwe murugero nkurwo rwa SMA ishingiye kuri Hybrid linear actuator ni ugukoresha insinga ya SMA hamwe na moteri ya DC kugirango itange ingufu zisohoka hafi 100 N no kwimurwa gukomeye17.
Kimwe mubintu byambere byateye imbere muri drives ishingiye kuri SMA ni SMA ibangikanye.Ukoresheje insinga nyinshi za SMA, SMA ishingiye kuri parike ya parike yashizweho kugirango yongere ubushobozi bwimbaraga za disiki ushyira insinga zose za SMA18 murwego rumwe.Kuringaniza guhuza ibikorwa ntibisaba imbaraga nyinshi gusa, ahubwo binagabanya imbaraga zisohoka z'umugozi umwe.Iyindi mbogamizi yimikorere ya SMA ningendo nto bashobora kugeraho.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, hashyizweho urumuri rwa kabili rwa SMA rurimo urumuri rworoshye kugira ngo rwongere kwimuka no kugera ku murongo, ariko ntirwabyaye ingufu zo hejuru19.Imiterere yoroshye yimyenda nigitambara cya robo ishingiye kumiterere yibikoresho byo kwibuka byakozwe mbere na mbere kugirango byongerwe imbaraga 20,21,22.Kubisabwa aho bisabwa umuvuduko mwinshi, pompe zikoresha pompe zavuzwe hakoreshejwe firime yoroheje ya SMAs kuri micropump ikoreshwa na porogaramu23.Imiyoboro ya disiki ya firime yoroheje SMA membrane nikintu cyingenzi mugucunga umuvuduko wumushoferi.Kubwibyo, moteri ya SMA ifite umurongo mwiza ufite igisubizo cyiza kuruta SMA isoko cyangwa moteri yinkoni.Imashini zoroshye za robo na tekinoroji yo gufata ni izindi porogaramu ebyiri zikoresha SMA ishingiye kuri moteri.Kurugero, kugirango usimbuze imikorere isanzwe ikoreshwa muri 25 N ya clamp ya space, imiterere yibikoresho alloy parallel actuator 24 yarakozwe.Mu rundi rubanza, icyuma cyoroheje cya SMA cyahimbwe hashingiwe ku nsinga ifite matrike yashyizwemo ishobora gutanga ingufu ntarengwa zo gukurura 30 N. Kubera imiterere y’ubukanishi, SMA nayo ikoreshwa mu gukora moteri yigana ibintu by’ibinyabuzima.Imwe muri iryo terambere ikubiyemo robot-selile 12 igizwe na biomimetike yibinyabuzima bimeze nkinzoka zangiza isi hamwe na SMA kugirango bitange sinusoidal yumuriro26,27.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, hariho imipaka ku mbaraga ntarengwa zishobora kuboneka mubikorwa bisanzwe bya SMA.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana imiterere yimitsi ya bimodal bimodal.Gutwarwa nuburyo bwo kwibuka alloy wire.Itanga ibyiciro bya sisitemu ikubiyemo uburyo bwinshi bwo kwibuka bwibikoresho.Kugeza magingo aya, nta SMA ishingiye kubikorwa bifite ubwubatsi busa byavuzwe mubitabo.Ubu buryo budasanzwe kandi bushya bushingiye kuri SMA bwakozwe kugirango bwige imyitwarire ya SMA mugihe cyo guhuza imitsi bimodal.Ugereranije na SMA isanzwe ikora, intego yubu bushakashatsi kwari ugukora biomimetic dipvalerate actuator kugirango itange imbaraga zisumba izindi mubunini buto.Ugereranije na moteri isanzwe ikoreshwa na moteri ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kubaka no kugenzura HVAC, igishushanyo mbonera cya SMA gishingiye kuri bimodal igabanya uburemere bwa moteri yo gutwara 67%.Mubikurikira, ijambo "imitsi" na "gutwara" rikoreshwa kimwe.Ubu bushakashatsi bukora iperereza ryimikorere ya disiki nkiyi.Imyitwarire yubukorikori bwa sisitemu yizwe nuburyo bwo kugerageza no gusesengura.Ikwirakwizwa ryingufu nubushyuhe byongeye gukorwa iperereza kuri voltage yinjiza ya 7 V. Nyuma yaho, hakozwe isesengura ryibanze kugirango ryumve neza isano iri hagati yibipimo byingenzi nimbaraga zisohoka.Ubwanyuma, ibikorwa bya hierarchique byatekerejweho kandi ingaruka zurwego rwateganijwe hashyizweho ahantu hashobora kuba ahazaza h’ibikoresho bitari magnetique ikoreshwa na prostate.Ukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bumaze kuvugwa, ikoreshwa ryubwubatsi bw'icyiciro kimwe ritanga imbaraga byibuze inshuro enye kugeza kuri eshanu ugereranije na SMA ishingiye ku bikorwa.Mubyongeyeho, imbaraga zimwe zo gutwara zitangwa ninzego nyinshi zo murwego rwo hejuru rwerekanwe ko zirenze inshuro icumi izo zisanzwe zishingiye kuri SMA.Ubushakashatsi noneho butanga ibipimo byingenzi ukoresheje isesengura ryimikorere hagati yimiterere itandukanye nibihinduka byinjira.Uburebure bwambere bwinsinga ya SMA (\ (l_0 \)), inguni ya pinnate (\ (\ alpha \)) numubare wumurongo umwe (n) muri buri mugozi umwe bigira ingaruka mbi kubunini bwimbaraga zitwara.imbaraga, mugihe ibyinjijwe na voltage (ingufu) byagaragaye ko bifitanye isano nziza.
SMA wire yerekana imiterere yibuka (SME) igaragara muri nikel-titanium (Ni-Ti) umuryango wa alloys.Mubisanzwe, SMAs yerekana ibyiciro bibiri biterwa nubushyuhe: icyiciro cyubushyuhe buke nicyiciro cyo hejuru.Ibyiciro byombi bifite imiterere yihariye bitewe nuko hariho ibintu bitandukanye bya kristu.Mu cyiciro cya austenite (icyiciro cyo hejuru cy'ubushyuhe) kiriho hejuru yubushyuhe bwo guhinduka, ibikoresho byerekana imbaraga nyinshi kandi bigahinduka nabi munsi yumutwaro.Amavuta yitwara nk'icyuma kitagira umwanda, bityo irashobora kwihanganira imikazo yo hejuru.Kwifashisha uyu mutungo wa Ni-Ti alloys, insinga za SMA ziragoramye kugirango zikore.Uburyo bukwiye bwo gusesengura bwateguwe kugirango dusobanukirwe nubukanishi bwibanze bwimyitwarire yubushyuhe bwa SMA bitewe nibintu bitandukanye na geometrike zitandukanye.Amasezerano meza yabonetse hagati yubushakashatsi nubushakashatsi.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri prototype yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 9a kugirango harebwe imikorere yimodoka ya bimodal ishingiye kuri SMA.Babiri muri iyo miterere, imbaraga zatewe na disiki (imbaraga z imitsi) nubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA (ubushyuhe bwa SMA), byapimwe mubigeragezo.Mugihe itandukaniro rya voltage ryiyongera muburebure bwose bwinsinga muri disiki, ubushyuhe bwinsinga bwiyongera kubera ingaruka zo gushyushya Joule.Umuvuduko winjiza washyizwe mubice bibiri 10-s (byerekanwe nkududomo dutukura ku gishushanyo cya 2a, b) hamwe na 15-s yo gukonja hagati ya buri cyiciro.Imbaraga zo guhagarika zapimwe hifashishijwe igipimo cya piezoelectric strain, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA ryakurikiranwe mugihe nyacyo hifashishijwe kamera yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ya siyanse ya LWIR (reba ibiranga ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 2).yerekana ko mugihe cyumuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinsinga bwiyongera monotonique, ariko mugihe ntamashanyarazi atemba, ubushyuhe bwinsinga bukomeza kugabanuka.Muri ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA bwaragabanutse mugihe cyo gukonja, ariko byari hejuru yubushyuhe bwibidukikije.Ku mutini.2e yerekana ifoto yubushyuhe kuri wire ya SMA yakuwe kuri kamera ya LWIR.Ku rundi ruhande, mu mutini.2a yerekana imbaraga zo guhagarika zakozwe na sisitemu yo gutwara.Iyo imbaraga z'imitsi zirenze imbaraga zo kugarura isoko, ukuboko kwimuka, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 9a, gitangira kugenda.Mugihe ibikorwa bitangiye, ukuboko kwimuka guhura na sensor, kurema imbaraga z'umubiri, nkuko bigaragara mumitini.2c, d.Iyo ubushyuhe ntarengwa buri hafi ya \ (84 \, ^ {\ umuzenguruko} \ hbox {C} \), imbaraga ntarengwa zagaragaye ni 105 N.
Igishushanyo cyerekana ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bwubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA nimbaraga zakozwe na SMA ishingiye kuri bimodal actuator mugihe cyizunguruka ebyiri.Iyinjiza ya voltage ikoreshwa mubice bibiri 10 byamasegonda (yerekanwe nkududomo dutukura) hamwe nigihe cyamasegonda 15 yo gukonja hagati ya buri cyiciro.Umugozi wa SMA wakoreshejwe mubushakashatsi wari 0,51 mm ya Flexinol ya diameter ya Flexinol ya Dynalloy, Inc. Kamera ya LWIR.Ibipimo bya geometrike byitaweho mubigeragezo bitangwa mumeza.imwe.
Ibisubizo byigero byimibare yimibare nibisubizo byubushakashatsi bigereranwa nuburyo ibintu byinjiza voltage ya 7V, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.5.Ukurikije ibisubizo byisesengura ryibipimo kandi kugirango hirindwe ko hashobora gushyuha cyane insinga ya SMA, ingufu za 11.2 W zahawe amashanyarazi.Amashanyarazi ya porogaramu ya DC yakoreshejwe mugutanga 7V nkumuvuduko winjiza, hanyuma hapimwa umuyoboro wa 1.6A.Imbaraga zitangwa na disiki n'ubushyuhe bwa SDR byiyongera mugihe ikoreshwa.Hamwe ninjiza ya voltage ya 7V, imbaraga nyinshi zisohoka zabonetse mubisubizo byigero hamwe nibisubizo byubushakashatsi bwikizamini cya mbere ni 78 N na 96 N, kimwe.Mu cyiciro cya kabiri, imbaraga ntarengwa zo kwigana n'ibisubizo by'igeragezwa byari 150 N na 105 N, kimwe.Itandukaniro riri hagati yo gupima imbaraga zifatika hamwe namakuru yubushakashatsi ashobora guterwa nuburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gupima imbaraga zifatika.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekanwe mugitabo.5a bihuye no gupima imbaraga zo gufunga, nazo zapimwe mugihe uruziga rwo gutwara rwakoraga na PACEline CFT / 5kN piezoelectric power transducer, nkuko bigaragara mumitini.2s.Kubwibyo, iyo shitingi yimodoka idahuye na sensor yingufu mugitangira akarere gakonje, imbaraga zihita zeru, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2d.Mubyongeyeho, ibindi bipimo bigira ingaruka kumikorere yimbaraga zikurikiraho ni indangagaciro zigihe cyo gukonja hamwe na coefficient yo guhererekanya ubushyuhe bwa convective mukwezi kwabanjirije.Kuva ku mutini.2b, birashobora kugaragara ko nyuma yigihe cya 15 cyakonje, insinga ya SMA itageze kubushyuhe bwicyumba bityo ikagira ubushyuhe bwambere bwambere (\ (40 \,Rero, ugereranije ninzinguzingo ya mbere, ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA mugihe cyizuba cya kabiri gishyuha kigera ku bushyuhe bwa mbere bwa austenite (\ (A_s \)) mbere kandi bukaguma mugihe cyinzibacyuho igihe kirekire, bikaviramo guhangayika nimbaraga.Kurundi ruhande, ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe mugihe cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha byakuwe mubigeragezo no kwigana bifite ireme ryiza cyane ryingero ziva mubisesengura rya termografiya.Isesengura ryagereranijwe ryamakuru yubushyuhe bwa SMA kuva mubigeragezo no kwigana byerekanaga ubudahwema mugihe cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha ndetse no kwihanganira kwemerwa kubushakashatsi.Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwinsinga ya SMA, bwabonetse mubisubizo byo kwigana nubushakashatsi bwikizamini cya mbere, ni \ (89 \, ^ {\ umuzenguruko} \ hbox {C} \) na \ (75 \, ^Icyitegererezo cyateye imbere cyemeza ingaruka zuburyo bwo kwibuka.Uruhare rwumunaniro nubushyuhe ntibwigeze busuzumwa muri iri suzuma.Mugihe kizaza, icyitegererezo kizanozwa kugirango ushiremo amateka yibibazo byinsinga ya SMA, kugirango bibe byiza mubikorwa bya injeniyeri.Imbaraga zisohora imbaraga hamwe nubushyuhe bwa SMA bwakuwe muri blok ya Simulink biri mubyihanganirwa byemewe byamakuru yubushakashatsi ukurikije imiterere ya voltage pulse ya 7 V. Ibi biremeza neza kandi byizewe byerekana imibare yateye imbere.
Imibare yimibare yatunganijwe mubidukikije bya MathWorks Simulink R2020b ikoresheje ibipimo fatizo byasobanuwe mu gice cya Methods.Ku mutini.3b yerekana igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana imibare ya Simulink.Icyitegererezo cyagereranijwe kuri 7V yinjiza voltage pulse nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2a, b.Indangagaciro z'ibipimo bikoreshwa mu kwigana ziri ku mbonerahamwe ya 1. Ibisubizo byo kwigana inzira z'inzibacyuho bigaragara mu gishushanyo cya 1 n'icya 1. Ishusho 3a na 4. Mu gishushanyo.4a, b yerekana voltage yatewe mumashanyarazi ya SMA nimbaraga zitangwa na actuator nkigikorwa cyigihe. Mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu (gushyushya), mugihe ubushyuhe bwa SMA, \ (T <A_s ^ {\ prime} \) (guhangayikishwa no guhindura austenite icyiciro cyo gutangira ubushyuhe), igipimo cyo guhindura agace kangana na martensite (\ (\ akadomo {\ xi} \)) kazaba zeru. Mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu (gushyushya), mugihe ubushyuhe bwa SMA, \ (T <A_s ^ {\ prime} \) (guhangayikishwa no guhindura austenite icyiciro cyo gutangira ubushyuhe), igipimo cyo guhindura agace kangana na martensite (\ (\ akadomo {\ xi} \)) kazaba zeru. Во время обратного превращения (нагрева), когда маа провооки SMA, \ (T <A_s ^ {\ prime} \) нулю. Mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu (gushyushya), mugihe ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA, \ (T <A_s ^ {\ prime} \) (ubushyuhe bwahinduwe na austenite itangira ubushyuhe), igipimo cyimpinduka yibice bya martensite (\ (\ akadomo {\ xi} \)) bizaba ari zeru.在 反向 转变 （加热） 过程 中 MA MA SMA 线 温度 \ (T <A_s ^ {\ prime} \) （应力 修正 奥氏体 相 起始 体积 分数 的 变化 (\ (\ akadomo {\ xi} \)) 将 为零。(T 转变 （加热 加热 中 ((\ (t
.Iyo ubushyuhe bwinsinga burenze ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho ya austenite murwego rwo gushyushya, ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho bwahinduwe bwa austenite butangira kwiyongera, kandi, kimwe, iyo ubushyuhe bwinkoni ya wire bwambutse ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho ya martensitike mugihe cyo gukonja, ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho ya martensitike buragabanuka.SMA yo gusesengura uburyo bwo gukora.(Kubireba birambuye kuri buri sisitemu yuburyo bwa Simulink, reba igice cyumugereka cya dosiye yinyongera.)
Ibisubizo by'isesengura kubintu bitandukanye byagabanijwe byerekanwe kuri cycle ebyiri za 7V zinjiza voltage (10 isegonda yo gushyushya 10 na 15 isegonda ikonje).Mugihe (ac) na (e) byerekana isaranganya mugihe, kurundi ruhande, (d) na (f) byerekana ikwirakwizwa nubushyuhe.Kubijyanye nibisabwa byinjira, impagarara zagaragaye ni 106 MPa (munsi ya 345 MPa, imbaraga zitanga insinga), imbaraga ni 150 N, iyimurwa ryinshi ni 270 µm, naho agace gato ka martensitike ni 0,91.Kurundi ruhande, ihinduka ryimyitwarire hamwe nimpinduka yubunini bwa martensite hamwe nubushyuhe bisa nibiranga hystereze.
Ibisobanuro bimwe birareba no guhinduka (gukonjesha) kuva mu cyiciro cya austenite kugera ku cyiciro cya martensite, aho ubushyuhe bwa insinga ya SMA (T) n'ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bw'icyiciro cyahinduwe na martensite (\ (M_f ^ {\ prime} \)) ni byiza.Ku mutini.4d, f yerekana impinduka mubitekerezo biterwa (\ (\ sigma \)) hamwe nubunini bwijwi rya martensite (\ (\ xi \)) mumurongo wa SMA nkigikorwa cyo guhindura ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA (T), kubizunguruka byombi.Ku mutini.Igicapo 3a cerekana ihinduka ryubushuhe bwinsinga ya SMA hamwe nigihe bitewe ninjiza voltage pulse.Nkuko bigaragara kuri iyo shusho, ubushyuhe bwinsinga bukomeje kwiyongera mugutanga ubushyuhe kuri zeru zero no gukonjesha convective.Mugihe cyo gushyushya, retransformation ya martensite mugice cya austenite itangira mugihe ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA (T) bwambutse ubushyuhe bwakosowe na austenite nucleation (\ (A_s ^ {\ prime} \)).Muri iki cyiciro, insinga ya SMA irahagarikwa kandi ikora itanga imbaraga.Nanone mugihe cyo gukonja, iyo ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA (T) bwambutse ubushyuhe bwa nucleation yicyiciro cyahinduwe na martensite (\ (M_s ^ {\ prime} \)) habaho impinduka nziza kuva mugice cya austenite ikagera kuri martensite.imbaraga zo gutwara ziragabanuka.
Ibintu byingenzi byujuje ubuziranenge bwa bimodal bishingiye kuri SMA urashobora kuboneka mubisubizo byigana.Kubijyanye na voltage pulse yinjiza, ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA bwiyongera kubera ingaruka zo gushyushya Joule.Agaciro kambere k'igice cya martensite (\ (\ xi \)) gishyirwa kuri 1, kubera ko ibikoresho byabanje mubice byuzuye bya martensitike.Mugihe insinga ikomeje gushyuha, ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA burenze ubushyuhe bwakosowe na austenite nucleation ubushyuhe \ (A_s ^ {\ prime} \), bigatuma igabanuka ryigice cya martensite, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4c.Byongeye, mu mutini.4e yerekana ikwirakwizwa rya stroke ya actuator mugihe, no mumitini.5 - imbaraga zo gutwara nkigikorwa cyigihe.Sisitemu ijyanye nuburinganire ikubiyemo ubushyuhe, agace ka martensite igabanutse, hamwe na stress ikura mumurongo, bikaviramo kugabanuka kwinsinga ya SMA nimbaraga zitangwa na moteri.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.4d, f, voltage ihindagurika hamwe nubushyuhe hamwe nubunini bwa martensite igabanywa hamwe nubushyuhe bihuye nibiranga hystereze biranga SMA murugero rwigana kuri 7 V.
Kugereranya ibipimo byo gutwara byabonetse binyuze mubigeragezo no kubara.Intsinga zashyizwemo imbaraga zinjiza zingana na 7 V kumasegonda 10, hanyuma zikonjeshwa kumasegonda 15 (icyiciro cyo gukonjesha) hejuru yinzinguzingo ebyiri.Inguni ya pinnate yashyizwe kuri \ (40 ^ {\ umuzenguruko} \) naho uburebure bwambere bwinsinga ya SMA muri buri kaguru kamwe kashyizwe kuri 83mm.(a) Gupima imbaraga zo gutwara hamwe na selile yumutwaro (b) Gukurikirana ubushyuhe bwinsinga hamwe na kamera yumuriro wa infragre.
Kugirango dusobanukirwe ningaruka zibipimo bifatika kumbaraga zakozwe na disiki, hakozwe isesengura ryibyiyumvo byimibare yimibare kubintu byatoranijwe byakozwe, kandi ibipimo byashyizwe kumurongo ukurikije ingaruka zabo.Ubwa mbere, icyitegererezo cyibipimo byakozwe hakoreshejwe amahame yubushakashatsi bwakurikijwe gukwirakwizwa kimwe (reba Igice cyinyongera kuri Sensitivity Analysis).Muri iki kibazo, ibipimo by'icyitegererezo birimo voltage yinjiza (\ (V_ {muri} \)), uburebure bwa SMA bwa mbere (\ (l_0 \)), impande ya mpandeshatu (\ (\ alpha \)), kubogama kw'impeshyi ihoraho (\ (K_x \)), coefficient de covective (\ (h_T \)) n'umubare w'amashami adasanzwe (n).Mu ntambwe ikurikiraho, imbaraga zo mumitsi zatoranijwe nkibishushanyo mbonera bisabwa kandi ingaruka za parametricike ya buri cyiciro cyimpinduka ku mbaraga zabonetse.Ibibanza bya tornado byo gusesengura ibyiyumvo byakomotse kuri coefficient zifitanye isano na buri kintu, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6a.
.Igishushanyo cyerekana urwego ruhuza ibipimo byinshi.Biragaragara ko \ (V_ {muri} \) aribintu byonyine bifite aho bihurira, kandi \ (l_0 \) nicyo kintu gifite isano iri hejuru cyane.Ingaruka yibipimo bitandukanye muburyo butandukanye ku mitsi yimitsi igaragara muri (b, c).\.
Ku mutini.6a yerekana umugambi wa tornado ya coefficient zitandukanye zifitanye isano na buri kintu gifite imbaraga zo gushushanya imbaraga zisabwa.Kuva ku mutini.6a birashobora kugaragara ko ibipimo bya voltage (\ (V_ {muri} \)) bifitanye isano itaziguye nimbaraga nini zisohoka, hamwe na coefficente yohereza ubushyuhe bwa convective (\ (h_T \)), flame angle (\ (\ alpha \)), impinduramatwara yimuka ihoraho (\ (K_x \)) ihujwe nabi nimbaraga zisohoka hamwe nuburebure bwambere (\ l_0) Kubireba isano ritaziguye Mugihe habaye agaciro kari hejuru ya coefficient ya voltage (\ (V_ {muri} \)) yerekana ko iyi parameter igira ingaruka zikomeye kumusaruro.Ubundi isesengura risa ripima imbaraga zo hejuru mugusuzuma ingaruka zibipimo bitandukanye muburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza imyanya ibiri yo kubara, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6b, c.\.Indangagaciro ntoya ya \ (l_0 \) bivamo imbaraga zo hejuru.Ibindi bibanza bibiri bihuye nishusho ya 6a, aho n na \ (K_x \) bifitanye isano mbi kandi \ (V_ {muri} \) bifitanye isano nziza.Iri sesengura rifasha gusobanura no guhindura ibipimo byerekana imbaraga zisohoka, inkoni hamwe nubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga bishobora guhuzwa nibisabwa hamwe nibisabwa.
Ibikorwa byubushakashatsi byubu bitangiza kandi bigakora iperereza ryimikorere hamwe nurwego rwa N.Mu nzego ebyiri, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 7a, aho mu mwanya wa buri nsinga ya SMA ya actuator yo mu rwego rwa mbere, gahunda ya bimodal igerwaho, nkuko bigaragara ku mbuto.9e.Ku mutini.7c yerekana uburyo insinga ya SMA yakomerekejwe hafi yukuboko kwimuka (ukuboko kwingoboka) kugenda gusa mubyerekezo birebire.Ariko, ikiganza cyibanze cyimukanwa gikomeza kugenda muburyo bumwe nkukuboko kwimuka kwicyiciro cya 1 icyiciro kinini.Mubisanzwe, N-icyiciro cya disiki irema mugusimbuza \ (N-1 \) icyiciro SMA insinga nicyiciro cya mbere.Nkigisubizo, buri shami ryigana icyiciro cya mbere cyambere, usibye ishami rifata insinga ubwaryo.Muri ubu buryo, ibyari byubatswe birashobora gushingwa bitera imbaraga ziruta inshuro nyinshi imbaraga za drives yibanze.Muri ubu bushakashatsi, kuri buri rwego, hashyizweho ingamba zose zifite insinga za SMA z'uburebure bwa m 1, nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 7d.Umuyoboro unyuze kuri buri cyuma muri buri gishushanyo kidasanzwe kandi icyubahiro cyavuyemo hamwe na voltage muri buri gice cyinsinga ya SMA ni kimwe kuri buri rwego.Dukurikije icyitegererezo cyacu cyo gusesengura, imbaraga zisohoka zifitanye isano neza nurwego, mugihe iyimurwa rifitanye isano ribi.Muri icyo gihe, habayeho gucuruza hagati yo kwimuka n'imbaraga z'imitsi.Nkuko bigaragara ku mutini.7b, mugihe imbaraga ntarengwa zagerwaho mumubare munini wibice, kwimuka kwinshi kugaragara murwego rwo hasi.Iyo urwego rwubuyobozi rwashyizwe kuri \ (N = 5 \), imbaraga zimitsi yo hejuru ya 2.58 kN yabonetse hamwe na stroke 2 zagaragaye \ (\ upmu \) m.Kurundi ruhande, icyiciro cya mbere cyambere gitanga imbaraga za 150 N kuri stroke ya 277 \ (\ upmu \) m.Imikorere myinshi-ishoboye kwigana imitsi nyayo yibinyabuzima, aho imitsi yubukorikori ishingiye kumiterere yibikoresho yibikoresho ishobora kubyara imbaraga zisumba izindi hamwe ningendo nziza kandi nziza.Imipaka yiki gishushanyo mbonera ni uko uko urwego rwiyongera, urujya n'uruza rugabanuka cyane kandi nuburyo bwo gukora ibinyabiziga bigenda byiyongera.
.Icyitegererezo cyatanzwe kigerwaho mugusimbuza insinga ya SMA mugice cya mbere cyerekanwe hamwe nindi ntera imwe ikora.(c) Iboneza ryahinduwe ryicyiciro cya kabiri cyimikorere myinshi.(b) Ikwirakwizwa ryingufu niyimurwa bitewe numubare urwego rwasobanuwe.Byagaragaye ko imbaraga zimpinga za actuator zifitanye isano neza nurwego rwibipimo ku gishushanyo, mugihe inkoni ifitanye isano ribi nurwego.Ibiriho na pre-voltage muri buri nsinga biguma bihoraho murwego rwose.(d) Imbonerahamwe yerekana umubare wa robine n'uburebure bw'insinga ya SMA (fibre) kuri buri rwego.Ibiranga insinga bigaragazwa na index 1, kandi umubare wamashami yisumbuye (rimwe rihuza ukuguru kwambere) ryerekanwa numubare munini mubiyandikishije.Kurugero, kurwego rwa 5, \ (n_1 \) bivuga umubare winsinga za SMA zigaragara muri buri miterere ya bimodal, naho \ (n_5 \) bivuga umubare wamaguru yingoboka (imwe ihujwe ukuguru kwingenzi).
Uburyo butandukanye bwasabwe nabashakashatsi benshi kugirango berekane imyitwarire ya SMAs hamwe nububiko bwimiterere, biterwa nimiterere ya thermomechanical iherekeza impinduka ya macroscopique mumiterere ya kristu ijyanye ninzibacyuho.Gutegura uburyo bwo gushiraho biragoye.Icyitegererezo gikunze gukoreshwa cyane cyatanzwe na Tanaka28 kandi gikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya injeniyeri.Icyitegererezo cya fenomenologiya cyatanzwe na Tanaka [28] kivuga ko ingano yubunini bwa martensite ari imikorere yerekana ubushyuhe no guhangayika.Nyuma, Liang na Rogers29 na Brinson30 batanze icyitegererezo cyerekana ko icyiciro cyinzibacyuho cyafashwe nkigikorwa cya cosine ya voltage nubushyuhe, hahinduwe bike kuri moderi.Becker na Brinson batanze icyiciro cyerekana igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana uburyo bwibikoresho bya SMA mugihe cyo gupakira uko bishakiye kimwe ninzibacyuho.Banerjee32 ikoresha uburyo bwa Bekker na Brinson31 igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana uburyo bwo kwigana urwego rumwe rwigenga rwigenga rwakozwe na Elahinia na Ahmadian33.Uburyo bwa Kinetic bushingiye ku gishushanyo mbonera, hitabwa ku mpinduka zidasanzwe za voltage hamwe nubushyuhe, biragoye kubishyira mubikorwa bya injeniyeri.Elakhinia na Ahmadian bakurura ibitekerezo kuri ziriya nenge zerekana imiterere ya phenomenologiya kandi bagasaba icyerekezo cyagutse cyo gusesengura no gusobanura imyitwarire yibuka imiterere mubihe bigoye byo gupakira.
Imiterere yuburyo bwinsinga ya SMA itanga stress (\ (\ sigma \)), guhangayika (\ (\ epsilon \)), ubushyuhe (T), hamwe nigice cya martensite (\ (\ xi \)) cyinsinga ya SMA.Icyitegererezo cya phenomenologique cyatanzwe bwa mbere na Tanaka28 nyuma cyemezwa na Liang29 na Brinson30.Inkomoko yikigereranyo ifite uburyo:
aho E nicyiciro gishingiye kuri moderi ya SMA Young yabonetse ukoresheje \ (\ kwerekana imiterere E = \ xi E_M + (1- \ xi) E_A \) na \ (E_A \) na \ (E_M \) byerekana modulus ya Young ni ibyiciro bya austenitike na martensitike, kandi coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe ihagarariwe na \ (\ theta _T \).Icyiciro cyo gutanga inzibacyuho ni \ (\ Omega = -E \ epsilon _L \) na \ (\ epsilon _L \) ninzitizi nini ishobora kugarurwa mumashanyarazi ya SMA.
Icyiciro cya dinamike igereranya ihura numurimo wa cosine wakozwe na Liang29 nyuma ukemezwa na Brinson30 aho kuba ibikorwa byerekana byasabwe na Tanaka28.Icyitegererezo cyinzibacyuho niyagurwa ryicyitegererezo cyatanzwe na Elakhinia na Ahmadian34 kandi gihindurwa hashingiwe kumiterere yinzibacyuho yatanzwe na Liang29 na Brinson30.Ibisabwa bikoreshwa muriki cyiciro cyinzibacyuho bifite agaciro munsi yimitwaro igoye.Kuri buri mwanya wigihe, agaciro kijwi ryigice cya martensite kibarwa mugihe cyo kugereranya ibingana.
Ikigereranyo cyo guhindura ibintu, kugaragazwa no guhindura martensite kuri austenite mugihe cy'ubushyuhe, ni ibi bikurikira:
aho \ (\ xi \) nigice cyijwi cya martensite, \ (\ xi _M \) nigice cyijwi cya martensite yabonetse mbere yo gushyushya, \ (\ kwerekana imiterere a_A = \ pi / (A_f - A_s) \), \ ( icyiciro cya austenite, kimwe, ubushyuhe.
Ihinduka ritaziguye ryo kugenzura, kugereranywa nicyiciro cyo guhindura austenite kuri martensite mubihe bikonje, ni:
aho \ (\ xi _A \) nigice cyijwi cya martensite yabonetse mbere yo gukonjesha, \ (\ kwerekana imiterere a_M = \ pi / (M_s - M_f) \), \ (
Nyuma yo kugereranya (3) na (4) bitandukanye, ibigereranyo bihinduka kandi bitaziguye byoroshya muburyo bukurikira:
Mugihe cyo guhinduka imbere no gusubira inyuma \ (\ eta _ {\ sigma} \) na \ (\ eta _ {T} \) bafata indangagaciro zitandukanye.Ingano shingiro ifitanye isano na \ (\ eta _ {\ sigma} \) na \ (\ eta _ {T} \) yavuye kandi iganirwaho ku buryo burambuye mu gice cyiyongereye.
Ingufu zumuriro zisabwa kugirango uzamure ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA biva mubikorwa byo gushyushya Joule.Ingufu zumuriro zinjizwa cyangwa zarekuwe ninsinga ya SMA igaragazwa nubushyuhe bwihishwa bwo guhinduka.Gutakaza ubushyuhe mu nsinga ya SMA biterwa na convection ku gahato, kandi urebye ingaruka zitari nke z'imirasire, kuringaniza ingufu z'ubushyuhe ni ibi bikurikira:
Aho \ (m_ {wire} \) nubunini bwuzuye bwinsinga ya SMA, \ (c_ {p} \) nubushobozi bwihariye bwubushyuhe bwa SMA, \ (V_ {muri} \) ni voltage ikoreshwa kumurongo, \ (R_ {ohm} \) - kurwanya icyiciro SMA, bisobanurwa nk;\ (R_ {ohm} = (l / A_ {umusaraba})Ubushyuhe bwihishwa bwinzibacyuho, T na \ (T _ {\ infty} \) nubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA nibidukikije.
Iyo imiterere yibikoresho bya simusiga ikoreshwa, insinga iragabanuka, igakora imbaraga muri buri shami ryigishushanyo cya bimodal bita fibre force.Imbaraga za fibre muri buri murongo wumugozi wa SMA hamwe zitera imbaraga imitsi gukora, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 9e.Bitewe no kuba hari isoko ibogamye, imbaraga zose zimitsi ya Nth multilayer actuator ni:
Gusimbuza \ (N = 1 \) mukuringaniza (7), imbaraga zimitsi yicyiciro cya mbere bimodal Drive prototype irashobora kuboneka kuburyo bukurikira:
aho n numubare wamaguru adasanzwe, \ (F_m \) nimbaraga zimitsi zatewe na disiki, \ (F_f \) nimbaraga za fibre mumurongo wa SMA, \ (K_x \) nuburyo bubogamye.amasoko, \ (\ alpha \) ni inguni ya mpandeshatu, \ (x_0 \) nintangiriro yambere yo kubogama kubogamye kugirango ufate umugozi wa SMA mumwanya wabanjirijwe, kandi \ (\ Delta x \) nurugendo rukora.
Kwimura kwose cyangwa kugenda kwa disiki (\ (\ Delta x \)) bitewe na voltage (\ (\ sigma \)) hamwe na strain (\ (\ epsilon \)) kumurongo wa SMA wicyiciro cya Nth, disiki yashizwe kuri (reba Ishusho yinyongera yibisohoka):
Ingano ya kinematike itanga isano hagati yo guhindura disiki (\ (\ epsilon \)) no kwimurwa cyangwa kwimurwa (\ (\ Delta x \)).Guhindura insinga ya Arb nkigikorwa cyuburebure bwambere bwa Arb (\ (l_0 \)) hamwe nuburebure bwinsinga (l) umwanya uwariwo wose t mumashami amwe adasanzwe ni ibi bikurikira:
aho \ (l = \ sqrt {l_0 ^ 2 + (\ Delta x_1) ^ 2 - 2 l_0 (\ Delta x_1) \ cos \ alpha _1} \) iboneka ukoresheje formulaire ya cosine muri \ (\ Delta \) ABB ', nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8. Kuri disiki ya mbere (\ (N = 1 \)), \ (\ Delta x_1 \) ni \ \ \ \ \ \ Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8, mugutandukanya igihe nuburinganire (11) no gusimbuza agaciro ka l, igipimo cyingutu gishobora kwandikwa nka:
aho \ (l_0 \) nuburebure bwambere bwumugozi wa SMA, l nuburebure bwumugozi umwanya uwariwo wose t mumashami amwe adasanzwe, \ (\ epsilon \) ni deformasiyo yatejwe mumigozi ya SMA, naho \ (\ alpha \) ni inguni ya mpandeshatu, \ (\ Delta x \) ni disike ya disike (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8).
Inzira zose n imwe-imwe (\ (n = 6 \) muriki gishushanyo) ihujwe murukurikirane na \ (V_ {muri} \) nka voltage yinjira.Icyiciro cya I: Igishushanyo mbonera cyinsinga ya SMA muburyo bwa bimodal muburyo bwa zeru voltage Icyiciro cya II: Imiterere igenzurwa irerekanwa aho insinga ya SMA ihagarikwa kubera guhinduka kwinyuma, nkuko byerekanwa numurongo utukura.
Nkikimenyetso cyigitekerezo, disiki ya SMA ishingiye kuri bimodal yakozwe kugirango igerageze ikigereranyo cyakomotse kuburinganire bwimbitse hamwe nibisubizo byubushakashatsi.Moderi ya CAD ya bimodal umurongo wa actuator irerekanwa mugitabo.9a.Ku rundi ruhande, mu mutini.9c yerekana igishushanyo gishya cyatanzwe kugirango kizenguruke prismatic ihuza ukoresheje indege ebyiri SMA ishingiye kuri actuator ifite imiterere ya bimodal.Ibice bya disiki byahimbwe hifashishijwe inganda ziyongera kuri Ultimaker 3 Yagutse ya printer ya 3D.Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugucapisha 3D ibice ni polyakarubone ikwiranye nibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe kuko birakomeye, biramba kandi bifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwikirahure (110-113 \ (^ {\ umuzenguruko} \) C).Mubyongeyeho, Dynalloy, Inc. Imiterere ya Flexinol yibuka ya alloy wire yakoreshejwe mubushakashatsi, kandi ibintu bifatika bihuye ninsinga ya Flexinol byakoreshejwe mubigereranyo.Insinga nyinshi za SMA zitunganijwe nka fibre igaragara muburyo bwa bimodal itunganya imitsi kugirango ibone imbaraga nyinshi zikorwa na moteri nyinshi, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 9b, d.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 9a, inguni ikaze yakozwe nintoki yimukanwa SMA wire yitwa inguni (\ (\ alpha \)).Hamwe na clamp ya terefone ifatanye ibumoso n iburyo, insinga ya SMA ifashwe kumurongo wifuza bimodal.Igikoresho kibogamye gifata kumasoko gihuza cyashizweho kugirango gihindure amatsinda atandukanye yo kwagura amasoko ukurikije umubare (n) wa fibre ya SMA.Mubyongeyeho, aho ibice byimuka byateguwe kuburyo insinga ya SMA ihura nibidukikije byo gukonjesha convection ku gahato.Isahani yo hejuru no hepfo yinteko itandukana ifasha kugumya insinga ya SMA gukonjesha hamwe nuduce twagenewe kugabanya ibiro.Mubyongeyeho, impera zombi zinsinga za CMA zashyizwe kumurongo wibumoso n iburyo, muburyo bumwe.Punger ifatanye kumpera imwe yinteko yimukanwa kugirango ibungabunge neza hagati yicyapa cyo hejuru.Plunger nayo ikoreshwa mugukoresha imbaraga zo guhagarika sensor ikoresheje contact kugirango bapime imbaraga zo guhagarika mugihe insinga ya SMA ikozwe.
Imiterere yimitsi ya bimodal SMA ihujwe namashanyarazi murukurikirane kandi ikoreshwa na voltage yinjira.Mugihe cyumubyigano wa voltage, iyo voltage ikoreshejwe hanyuma insinga ya SMA igashyuha hejuru yubushyuhe bwambere bwa austenite, uburebure bwinsinga muri buri mugozi buba bugufi.Uku gusubira inyuma gukora intoki yimukanwa.Iyo voltage yari zeru muri cycle imwe, insinga ya SMA yashyutswe yarakonje munsi yubushyuhe bwubuso bwa martensite, bityo isubira kumwanya wambere.Mugihe cya zeru zeru, insinga ya SMA ibanza kuramburwa byoroshye kubogama kubogamye kugirango igere kuri martensitike imeze.Imiyoboro, inyuramo insinga ya SMA, iragenda bitewe na compression yakozwe mugukoresha voltage pulse kumurongo wa SMA (SPA igera kumurongo wa austenite), biganisha kumikorere ya lever yimuka.Iyo insinga ya SMA yakuweho, kubogama kubogamye kurema imbaraga zirwanya mukurambura isoko.Iyo imihangayiko muri voltage ya impulse ihinduka zeru, insinga ya SMA irambura kandi igahindura imiterere yayo kubera gukonjesha convection ku gahato, igera ku cyiciro cya martensitike.
Sisitemu yatanzwe ya SMA ishingiye kumurongo ifite sisitemu ya bimodal aho insinga za SMA zingana..Mugihe (b) yerekana hejuru hejuru ya prototype hamwe nu mashanyarazi hamwe namashanyarazi kubogama hamwe nugupima ibipimo byakoreshejwe, (d) byerekana icyerekezo cyo gushiraho...Nkuko byerekanwe, ihuriro ryohereza umurongo uva kumurongo wo hasi ugana mukuboko hejuru, kurema guhuza.Ku rundi ruhande, urujya n'uruza rwa prism ni kimwe no kugenda kwa benshi mu cyiciro cya mbere.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri prototype yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 9b kugirango harebwe imikorere yimodoka ya bimodal ishingiye kuri SMA.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 10a, igeragezwa ryakozwe ryari rigizwe na porogaramu ya DC itanga amashanyarazi kugirango itange ingufu zinjira mu nsinga za SMA.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.10b, igipimo cyerekana piezoelectric (PACEline CFT / 5kN) cyakoreshejwe mugupima imbaraga zo guhagarika ukoresheje Graphtec GL-2000 yandika amakuru.Amakuru yanditswe na nyiricyubahiro kugirango yongere yige.Ibipimo byerekana kandi byongera imbaraga bisaba amashanyarazi ahoraho kugirango bitange ikimenyetso cya voltage.Ibimenyetso bihuye bihinduka mumashanyarazi ukurikije ibyiyumvo byimbaraga za piezoelectric sensor nibindi bipimo nkuko byasobanuwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 2. Iyo hashyizweho pulse ya voltage, ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA bwiyongera, bigatuma insinga ya SMA ihagarara, bigatuma moteri ikora imbaraga.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bwibisubizo byimbaraga zimitsi byinjiza voltage pulse ya 7 V irerekanwa mugitabo.2a.
.Ingirabuzimafatizo yimizigo ipima imbaraga zo guhagarika kandi ikoreshwa namashanyarazi 24 V DC.Umuvuduko wa 7 V washyizwe muburebure bwa kabili ukoresheje amashanyarazi ya GW Instek.Umugozi wa SMA uragabanuka kubera ubushyuhe, kandi ukuboko kwimuka guhuza selile yimizigo kandi ikoresha imbaraga zo guhagarika.Ingirabuzimafatizo yimikorere ihujwe na GL-2000 yamakuru yinjira kandi amakuru abikwa kuri host kugirango arusheho gutunganywa.(b) Igishushanyo cyerekana urunigi rw'ibice bigize igeragezwa ryo gupima imbaraga z'imitsi.
Imiterere yibikoresho bya shitingi ishimishwa nimbaraga zumuriro, ubushyuhe rero buba ikintu cyingenzi cyo kwiga imiterere yibuka.Mubigeragezo, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 11a, amashusho yubushyuhe hamwe nubushuhe bwubushyuhe byakorewe kuri prototype SMA ishingiye kuri divalerate actuator.Isoko rya DC rishobora gukoreshwa ryinjiza voltage kuri insinga za SMA muburyo bwo kugerageza, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 11b.Ihinduka ry'ubushyuhe bw'insinga ya SMA ryapimwe mugihe nyacyo ukoresheje kamera ndende ya LWIR (FLIR A655sc).Nyiricyubahiro akoresha software ya ResearchIR kugirango yandike amakuru kugirango nyuma yo gutunganywa.Iyo voltage pulse ikoreshejwe, ubushyuhe bwinsinga ya SMA bwiyongera, bigatuma insinga ya SMA igabanuka.Ku mutini.Igishushanyo 2b cyerekana ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bwubushyuhe bwa SMA hamwe nigihe cya 7V yinjiza voltage pulse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-28-2022