Ko te kanapa whatu o te ngongo maitai kore waikura i muri i te whakamahana ka whakatau i te kounga o te paipa maitai. He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te māramatanga, engari ko te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga e rima e whai ake nei,

1. Ahakoa te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana, te pāmahana whakamahana. Ko te maimoatanga wera o te kowiri tira he tikanga maimoatanga wera, e kiia ana hoki ko te "whakamahana", ko te awhe pāmahana kei waenganui i te 1050 ~ 1100 DEG C. Ka taea e koe te tirotiro mā te kōhao tirotiro o te oumu whakamahana, me waiho he rohe whakamahana āhua mura o te ngongo kowiri tira, engari kāore he wāhi whakangawari.

2. Te āhuarangi whakawera. Ko te tikanga he whakamahi i te hauwai parakore hei āhuarangi whakawera, ko te āhuarangi tino parakore he neke atu i te 99.99%. Mena he wāhanga anō o te hau kore mahi te āhuarangi, ka iti iho pea te parakore, engari kāore e nui rawa te hāora me te mamaoa wai.

3. Hiri tinana oumu. Me kati te oumu whakamahana kanapa, me wehe atu i te hau o waho; me whakamahi i te hauwai hei hau tiaki, kotahi anake te putanga e honoa ana (hei whakakā i te tukunga hauwai). Ka taea te whakamahi i te tikanga tirotiro mā te horoi i te wai hopi i roto i te oumu whakamahana o ia hononga, kia kite ai mēnā kei te rere te hau; ko tētahi o ngā wāhi tino ngāwari ki te rere ko te ngongo oumu whakamahana me te ngongo ki waho ki te wāhi o te rohe, he tino ngāwari te mau i te mowhiti hiri o tēnei wāhi, me tirotiro tonu te huringa.

4. Te tiaki i te pēhanga hau. Hei ārai i te putanga mai o te turuturu moroiti, me pupuri tonu te tiaki oumu hau i te pēhanga pai, ki te hiahiatia he tiaki hau hauwai neke atu i te 20kBar.

5. Kohu wai o te oumu. I tetahi taha, me tirotiro mēnā he maroke te tinana oumu, me tāuta tuatahi te oumu, me maroke te tinana oumu; ko te rua, me mēnā he nui te wai toenga ki roto i te ngongo maitai kore waikura, ki te kore he kōhao o te paipa motuhake i runga ake nei, kaua e turuturu ki roto, ki te kore rānei e pakaru te hau o te oumu.