ʻO ka hihiʻo a Anish Kapoor no ke kiʻi kiʻi Cloud Gate ma Chicago's Millennium Park, ua like ia me ka mercury wai, e hōʻike pono ana i ke kūlanakauhale a puni.
"ʻO kaʻu mea i makemake ai e hana ma Millennium Park, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i kahi mea e kūpono i ka lani ʻo Chicago… i ʻike ka poʻe i ke ao e lana ana i loko a me kēlā mau hale kiʻekiʻe loa i ʻike ʻia i ka hana. - ka mea pena kiʻi Pelekane kaulana ʻo Anish Kapoor, ka mea kālai ʻo Cloud Gate
Ke nānā aku nei i ka ʻili mālie o kēia kiʻi kiʻi kila kila, he paʻakikī ke koho i ka nui o ka metala a me ka wiwo ʻole ma lalo o kona ʻili.
He nui ka poʻe e hana ana i ka manawa, hana i ka hana hana i ke aumoe, hoʻomoana ma ka pūnaewele, a me ka hana ʻana i nā mahana 110-degere i nā lole Tyvek® piha a me nā respirators hapalua-mask. Ke hana nei kekahi ma nā kūlana kūʻē i ka umekaumaha, e kau ana mai nā kāʻei noho i ka wā e paʻa ana i nā mea hana a me ka hana ʻana ma nā pali paheʻe.
ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka mea kālai kiʻi ʻo Anish Kapoor i nā ao lana ethereal i loko o ka 110-ton, 66-kapuaʻi-lōʻihi, 33-kapuaʻi-kiʻekiʻe kiʻi kuhili ʻia ka hana a ka hui hana Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, CA, a me MTH, Villa Park, IL . nā mea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā hale a me nā aniani ma ka ʻāina ʻo Chicago.
ʻO nā koi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka papahana e hoʻopili i ka hoʻokō artistic, ke akamai, nā mākau mechanical a me ka ʻike hana hana o nā ʻoihana ʻelua.
ʻO kekahi o nā luʻi o ka papahana e hele mai ana mai kona ʻano ʻāwili ʻē aʻe – kahi kiko a i ʻole ka pihi ʻōpū i hoʻohuli ʻia – a ʻo kekahi mai kona nui. reference, no blueprint, no roadmap.
Ua loaʻa iā Ethan Silva o PSI ka ʻike nui i ka hana ʻana i ka pūpū, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma nā moku a ma hope i nā hana hana kiʻi ʻē aʻe, i kūpono no nā hana hana hana pūpū.
"No laila, ua hana au i kahi laʻana 2 x 3 mika, kahi ʻāpana poni curved maoli, a ʻōlelo ʻo ia, 'Auē, ua hana ʻoe, ʻo ʻoe wale nō ka mea i hana,' no ka mea ua ʻimi ʻo ia i ʻelua makahiki no ka Find i kahi e hana ai," wahi a Silva.
ʻO ka papahana mua no ka PSI e hana pono a kūkulu i ke kiʻi, a laila e hoʻouna i ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa ma ka hema o ka Moana Pākīpika, ma o ka Canal Panama, ma ka ʻākau ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika, a ma ka St. Lawrence Seaway i ke awa ma Lake Michigan, e like me Edward Uhlir, ka luna hoʻokele o Millennium Park Inc. loli.No laila, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā panela curved no ka lawe ʻana a lawe ʻia i Chicago, kahi e hoʻohui ai ʻo MTH i ka substructure a me ka superstructure, a hoʻohui i nā panels i ka superstructure.
ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā welds o Cloud Gate no ka nānā ʻole ʻana, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hana hui.
"No laila, ua hana mākou ma ia papahana no kahi o ʻekolu makahiki, e hana ana i kēia mau ʻāpana," wahi a Silva.
He mea paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i kekahi mea nui a kaumaha me ka pololei, wahi āna. ʻO nā papa nui loa he 7 kapuaʻi ākea a me 11 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi a he 1,500 paona ke kaumaha.
"ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā hana CAD āpau a me ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi kiʻi hale kūʻai maoli no ka hana he papahana nui ia nona iho," wahi a Silva.
"Ua hana mākou i ka hoʻohālike kamepiula a laila hoʻokaʻawale iā ia," wahi a Silva.
ʻO kekahi mau papa he'āhāhā, heʻano pie.
Ua ʻoki ʻo Plasma i ka 1/4- a i ka 3/8-ʻīniha ka mānoanoa 316L kila kila, ʻo ia ka ikaika ma luna o kona iho, wahi a Silva.
'Oloka'a 'ia nā papa ma luna o nā wili 3D a PSI i ho'olālā a hana pono'ī no ka'ōwili'ana i kēia mau papa (e nānā i ke Ki'i 1). ʻO ka pololei kiʻekiʻe e koi ʻia e paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana i nā pepa me ka maʻalahi, ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
Hoʻopili ka welder i ka flux cored i loko o ka ʻōnaehana iwi iwi.
ʻO nāʻili a pau o nā papa he lima lima a me ka mīkini eʻokiʻoki iā lākou i ka pololei o ka'īniha i makemakeʻia i mea e hui like ai lākou a pau (e nānā i ke kiʻi 2).
Ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapakolu o nā paneli, me ke kumu a me ka hale i loko, ua kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻia ʻana o nā panela mai Auckland (e nānā i nā kiʻi 3 a me 4).
ʻO ka mahana, ka manawa a me ka haʻalulu kalaka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka pepa i'ōwiliʻia.
No laila, me ka mesh hoʻoikaika i loko, ua mālama ʻia ka pā a hoʻomaha ʻia e hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha o ka mea.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pahu i nā huahana semi-finished, ma kahi o ʻehā i ka manawa, a hoʻouna ʻia i Chicago me nā hui PSI no ka hoʻokomo ʻana me nā hui MTH.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lyle Hill, ka pelekikena o MTH, ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MTH Industries i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kiʻi ethereal i ka honua a hoʻokomo i ka superstructure, a laila hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana iā ia a hāʻawi i ka sanding hope loa a me ka polishing, me ka ʻoluʻolu a PSI Technical alakaʻi. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana o ke kiʻi kiʻi, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke kaulike ma waena o ke kiʻi a me ka pono; manaʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo; manawa kūpono a me ka manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lou Cerny, ka hope pelekikena o ka ʻenekinia a me ka luna papahana o MTH, ʻo kāna mea e hoihoi ai i ka papahana, ʻo ia kona ʻokoʻa.
Akā ʻo ka hana ʻana i kahi hana mua o kāna ʻano pono e pono ai ke akamai ma ka pūnaewele e hālāwai me nā pilikia i ʻike ʻole ʻia a pane i nā nīnau e kū mai ana i ka holomua o ka hana:
Pehea ʻoe e hoʻokomo ai i nā ʻāpana kila kuhili ʻole 128 ka nui i kahi superstructure mau i ka wā e lawelawe ana iā lākou me nā mīkina lima keiki?
ʻO ka hōʻailona mua e lilo kēia i hana paʻakikī loa, wahi a Cerny, i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hana 30,000-paona. ʻO ke kila kila e kākoʻo ana i ke kiʻi.
ʻOiai ua maʻalahi ka hana ʻana o ke kila kila waiwai nui o ka zinc i hāʻawi ʻia e PSI no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka waihona substructure, ʻo ke kahua hoʻolālā i loaʻa i ka hapalua ma luna o ka hale ʻaina a me ka hapalua ma luna o ke kahua kaʻa, kēlā me kēia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ʻokoʻa.
"No laila, ʻano cantilevered a rickety ka substructure," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Cerny. "Ma kahi a mākou e hoʻokomo ai i ka nui o kēia kila, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana o ka pā ponoʻī, pono mākou e kiʻi i ka crane e holo i loko o kahi lua 5-kapuaʻi."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Cerny ua hoʻohana lākou i kahi ʻōnaehana heleuma maʻalahi, me kahi ʻōnaehana preload mechanical, e like me ke ʻano o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka eli lanahu, a me kekahi mau heleuma kemika. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka substructure o ka hale kila i loko o ka pā, pono e kūkulu i kahi superstructure kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka pūpū.
"Hoʻomaka mākou e hoʻokomo i ka ʻōnaehana truss me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua mau apo nui 304 stainless steel O-hoʻokahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka hale a hoʻokahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema," wahi a Cerny (e nānā i ke kiʻi 3).
"No laila aia kahi superstructure nui ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e kekahi; no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hana," wahi a Cerny.
ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻoikaika maikaʻi loa e hoʻolālā, hana, hana a hoʻokomo i nā ʻāpana āpau i koi ʻia no ka papahana ʻo Auckland, ʻaʻole i ʻike mua ʻia kēia kiʻi kiʻi a ʻo ka haki ʻana i nā ala hou e hele mau mai me nā burrs a me nā ʻōpala.
"ʻOiai ua hoʻolālā mua ʻia ka hui a me nā kaʻina hana welding ma Oakland, pono nā kūlana o ka pūnaewele i ka naʻauao kūpono mai nā mea a pau," wahi a Silva.
I loko o nā mahina mua, ʻo ka hana maʻamau o ka MTH i kēlā me kēia lā ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hana o ka lā a me ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kekahi o nā ʻāpana no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka subframe, a me kekahi mau struts, "nā mea hoʻopuʻi haʻalulu," nā lima, nā mākia, a me nā pine. Pono nā lāʻau pogo e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻaoʻao pōkole, wahi a Er.
"He hana hoʻomau ia o ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hana ʻana ma ka lele e hoʻomau i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea a lawe koke iā lākou i ka pūnaewele. Hoʻolilo mākou i ka manawa nui e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea i loaʻa iā mākou, hoʻolālā hou a hoʻolālā hou i kekahi mau hihia, A laila hana i nā ʻāpana i makemake ʻia.
"ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, e loaʻa iā mākou he 10 mau mea i ka Pōʻalua a mākou e hoʻouna ai ma ka pūnaewele ma ka Pōʻakolu," wahi a Hill.
"Ma kahi o 75 ka nui o nā mea hoʻomaha o ka papa i hana ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia paha ma ke kahua," wahi a Cerny.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokuʻu manawaleʻa MTH no ka hui ʻana i ka hale he pūnāwai, struts a me nā kaula.
Hoʻomaka lākou me ka dome ma ke kumu o ke kiʻi omhalus - "ka piko o ka ʻōpū".
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia papa he 168 kāna ʻōnaehana kākoʻo punawai hoʻomaha ʻehā no laila e kākoʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia i ka wā i kau ʻia ai.
Ma ke ʻano he hōʻike i ka pololei o ka hana a PSI, ua maikaʻi loa ka hui me nā wahi liʻiliʻi.
"I ka pau ana o ke anaina, manao ka nui o na kanaka ua hana ia," wahi a Silva, aole wale no ka paa o na humuhumu, aka, no ka mea, ua komo mai na apana i hui piha, a me na papa aniani i hoonaniia loa, e hoike i kona mau wahi. nā hanauna, wahi a Silva.
Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻopau ʻana o Cloud Gate i ka wā o ka wehe nui ʻana o ka paka i ka hāʻule o 2004, no laila he GTAW ola ka omhalus, a ua hoʻomau ʻia no kekahi mau mahina.
"Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia nā hui solder TIG a puni ka hale holoʻokoʻa," wahi a Cerny. "Ua hoʻomaka mākou e kūkulu hou i nā hale lole i Ianuali."
"ʻO ka luʻi hana nui e hiki mai ana no kēia papahana, ʻo ia ka wili ʻana i ke kaʻina me ka ʻole o ka nalowale ʻana o ke ʻano ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wili ʻana," wahi a Silva.
Hāʻawi ʻo Plasma welding i ka ikaika a me ka ʻoʻoleʻa me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pilikia i ka lau, wahi a Cerny. ʻO ka 98% argon/2% hui helium e hana maikaʻi loa i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka fouling a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hui.
Hoʻohana ka poʻe welders i nā ʻenehana wili plasma keyhole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu mana Thermal Arc® a me nā hui tractor kūikawā a me nā lama i kūkulu ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia e PSI.