Insimbi engagqwali akunzima ngempela ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa ukushisela kwayo kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile emininingwaneni. Ayisusi ukushisa njengensimbi ethambile noma i-aluminium futhi ingalahlekelwa ukumelana nokugqwala uma uyishisa kakhulu. Imikhuba emihle isiza ukugcina ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala. Isithombe: Miller Electric
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kwenza kube ukukhetha okukhangayo kwezicelo eziningi ezibalulekile zamapayipi, okuhlanganisa ukudla neziphuzo ezihlanzekile kakhulu, imithi, imithambo yokucindezela kanye nezicelo ze-petrochemical. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akususi ukushisa njengensimbi encane noma i-aluminium, futhi ukushisela okungafanele kunganciphisa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala. Ukusebenzisa ukushisa okuningi nokusebenzisa insimbi yokugcwalisa engafanele kuyimbangela emibili.
Ukulandela eminye yemikhuba emihle kakhulu yokushisela insimbi engagqwali kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela nokuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi ihlala ingagqwali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokushisela kungandisa umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi.
Uma kushiselwa insimbi engagqwali, ukukhetha insimbi yokugcwalisa kubalulekile ekulawuleni okuqukethwe yikhabhoni. Izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezisetshenziselwa ukushisela ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali kumele zithuthukise ukusebenza kokushisela futhi zifanele ukusetshenziswa.
Bheka izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezibizwa ngokuthi “L” njenge-ER308L njengoba zinikeza okuqukethwe okuphansi kakhulu kwekhabhoni okusiza ukugcina ukumelana nokugqwala kuma-alloy ensimbi engagqwali anekhabhoni ephansi. Ukushisela insimbi eyisisekelo enekhabhoni ephansi ngezinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezijwayelekile kwandisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwejoyinti lokushisela, okwandisa ingozi yokugqwala. Gwema izinsimbi zokugcwalisa eziphawulwe ngokuthi “H” njengoba zinikeza okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni futhi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okudinga amandla aphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Uma ushisela insimbi engagqwali, kubalulekile futhi ukukhetha insimbi yokugcwalisa enamazinga aphansi okulandelela (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukungcola) kwezinto. Lezi yizinto ezisele ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinsimbi zokugcwalisa, okuhlanganisa i-antimony, i-arsenic, i-phosphorus kanye nesulfure. Zingathinta kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto.
Ngenxa yokuthi insimbi engagqwali iyazwela kakhulu ekufakweni kokushisa, ukulungiswa kwamalunga kanye nokuhlanganiswa okufanele kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukushisa ukuze kulondolozwe izakhiwo zezinto. Izikhala phakathi kwezingxenye noma ukulingana okungalingani zidinga ithoshi ukuthi lihlale endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside, futhi kudingeka insimbi eyengeziwe yokugcwalisa ukuze kugcwaliswe lezo zikhala. Lokhu kungabangela ukushisa ukuthi kuqongelelane endaweni ethintekile, okungabangela ukuthi ingxenye ishise ngokweqile. Ukulingana okungekuhle kungenza kube nzima ukuvala izikhala nokuthola ukungena okudingekayo kwe-weld. Qaphela ukuthi uqondanise izingxenye nensimbi engagqwali eduze ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ubumsulwa balolu hlobo lwento bubaluleke kakhulu. Inani elincane kakhulu lokungcola noma ukungcola emajoyintini ahlanganisiwe kungabangela amaphutha anciphisa amandla kanye nokumelana nokugqwala komkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukuze uhlanze isisekelo ngaphambi kokushisela, sebenzisa ibhulashi lensimbi engagqwali elikhethekile elingasetshenziswanga ensimbini yekhabhoni noma e-aluminium.
Ensimbini engagqwali, ukuzwela yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokulahlekelwa ukumelana nokugqwala. Lokhu kungenzeka uma izinga lokushisa lokushisela kanye nezinga lokupholisa kushintshashintsha kakhulu, okuholela ekushintsheni kwesakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo.
Lokhu kushibilika kwangaphandle epayipini lensimbi engagqwali, okushibilika kusetshenziswa i-GMAW kanye nensimbi elawulwayo yokufaka (RMD) ngaphandle kokushibilika kwezimpande, kufana ngokubukeka nangekhwalithi yokushibilika okwenziwe nge-backwash ye-GTAW.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali yi-chromium oxide. Kodwa uma okuqukethwe yikhabhoni kwe-weld kuphezulu kakhulu, kwakheka i-chromium carbide. Zibopha i-chromium futhi zivimbele ukwakheka kwe-chromium oxide oyifunayo, okunikeza insimbi engagqwali ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo. Uma ingekho i-chromium oxide eyanele, izinto ngeke zibe nezakhiwo ezifiselekayo futhi kuzokwenzeka ukugqwala.
Ukuvimbela ukuzwela kuncike ekukhetheni insimbi yokugcwalisa kanye nokulawula okokufaka ukushisa. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukukhetha insimbi yokugcwalisa enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni lapho ushisela insimbi engagqwali. Kodwa-ke, ikhabhoni ngezinye izikhathi iyadingeka ukuze inikeze amandla kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu lapho izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezinekhabhoni ephansi zingafaneleki.
Nciphisa isikhathi lapho i-weld ne-HAZ zisemazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-950 kuya ku-1500 degrees Fahrenheit (500 kuya ku-800 degrees Celsius). Uma isikhathi esincane sokusonga sichitha kuleli banga, kulapho kukhiqiza khona ukushisa okuncane. Hlola njalo futhi uqaphele izinga lokushisa le-interpass ngesikhathi senqubo yokusonga.
Enye indlela ukusebenzisa izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezinezingxenye zokuxuba ezifana ne-titanium ne-niobium ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-chromium carbide. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zingxenye zithinta namandla nokuqina, lezi zinsimbi zokugcwalisa azikwazi ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ukushisela i-root weld tungsten arc (GTAW) kuyindlela yokushisela yendabuko yamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali. Lokhu kuvame ukudinga i-argon backflush ukuvimbela ukushisela ngaphansi kwe-weld. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zokushisela izintambo kumapayipi ensimbi engagqwali kuya ngokuya kuvama. Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi amagesi ahlukene okuvikela athinta kanjani ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto.
Uma kushintshwa insimbi engagqwali kusetshenziswa i-gas arc welding (GMAW) kusetshenziswa i-argon ne-carbon dioxide, ingxube ye-argon ne-oxygen noma ingxube yegesi ezintathu (i-helium, i-argon ne-carbon dioxide). Ngokuvamile, lezi zingxube ziqukethe i-argon noma i-helium engaphansi kuka-5% kanye ne-carbon dioxide ngoba i-carbon dioxide inikeza ikhabhoni echibini lokushintshwa futhi yandisa ingozi yokuzwela. I-argon emsulwa ayinconywa i-GMAW ensimbini engagqwali.
Ucingo oluhlanganisiwe lwensimbi engagqwali lwenzelwe ukusebenza nengxube yendabuko ye-argon engu-75% kanye ne-carbon dioxide engu-25%. Uketshezi luqukethe izithako ezenzelwe ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwe-weld yi-carbon evela kugesi evikelayo.
Njengoba izinqubo ze-GMAW zithuthuka, zenze kwaba lula ukushisela amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali. Nakuba ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingase zidinge inqubo ye-GTAW, izinqubo zokucubungula izintambo ezithuthukisiwe zinganikeza ikhwalithi efanayo kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu ezinhlelweni eziningi zensimbi engagqwali.
Ama-weld ensimbi engagqwali e-ID enziwe nge-GMAW RMD afana ngekhwalithi nokubukeka nama-weld e-OD ahambisanayo.
I-root pass esebenzisa inqubo ye-GMAW ye-modified short circuit efana ne-Miller's controlled metal deposition (RMD) isusa i-backwash kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-austenitic stainless steel. I-RMD root pass ingalandelwa yi-pulsed GMAW noma i-flux-cored arc welding ukuze kugcwaliswe futhi kuvalwe ama-pass, ushintsho olusindisa isikhathi nemali uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa i-backflushed GTAW, ikakhulukazi kumapayipi amakhulu.
I-RMD isebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwensimbi okulawulwa ngokunembile ukuze ikhiqize i-arc ethule, ezinzile kanye ne-weld pool. Lokhu kuholela emathubeni amancane okungena noma ukungancibiliki okubandayo, ukuchitheka okuncane, kanye nekhwalithi engcono yokudlula kwezimpande zepayipi. Ukudluliselwa kwensimbi okulawulwa ngokunembile kuqinisekisa nokufakwa kwamaconsi afanayo kanye nokulawulwa okulula kwe-weld pool ngaleyo ndlela ukufakwa kokushisa kanye nesivinini sokushisela.
Izinqubo ezingezona ezendabuko zingathuthukisa umkhiqizo wokushisela. Uma usebenzisa i-RMD, isivinini sokushisela singaba kusukela ku-6 kuya ku-12 in/min. Ngenxa yokuthi inqubo ithuthukisa umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokushisa okwengeziwe kwezingxenye, iyasiza ekugcineni izakhiwo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali. Ukunciphisa ukufakwa kokushisa kwenqubo kusiza futhi ukulawula ukuguquguquka kwe-substrate.
Le nqubo ye-pulsed GMAW inikeza ubude obufushane be-arc, ikhoni ye-arc encane, kanye nokufakwa kokushisa okuncane kunokufafaza okuvamile kwe-pulsed. Njengoba inqubo ivaliwe, ukukhukhuleka kwe-arc kanye nokushintshashintsha kwebanga eliphakathi kwesihloko nendawo yokusebenza kuqedwa cishe. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwechibi lokushisela ngokushisela nangaphandle kokushisela endaweni. Okokugcina, inhlanganisela ye-pulsed GMAW yokugcwalisa kanye ne-top roll ene-RMD ye-root roll ivumela inqubo yokushisela ukuthi yenziwe kusetshenziswa ucingo olulodwa kanye negesi eyodwa, kunciphisa isikhathi sokushintsha kwenqubo.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal 于1990 年成為第一本致力于為金属管材行业服务的杂志. Ijenali Ye-Tube & Pipe kusukela ngo-1990 Ijenali ye-Tube & Pipe стал первым журналом, посвященным индустрии металлических труб в 1990 году. I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba umagazini wokuqala ozinikele embonini yamapayipi ensimbi ngo-1990.Namuhla, isalokhu iyincwadi yodwa embonini eNyakatho Melika futhi isibe umthombo wolwazi othembeke kakhulu kochwepheshe bamapayipi.
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