Sisebenzisa amakhukhi ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakho. Ngokuqhubeka uphequlula le sayithi uyavuma ukusebenzisa kwethu amakhukhi. Ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Esihlokweni sakamuva esanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Additive Manufacturing Letters, abacwaningi baxoxa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-stainless steel spatter eqoshiwe ngamakhemikhali yokwandisa impilo yempuphu ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe.
Ucwaningo: Ukwandisa Impilo Yompuphu Ekukhiqizeni Okungeziwe: Ukuqoshwa Kwamakhemikhali Kwe-Stainless Steel Spatter. Isithombe: MarinaGrigorivna/Shutterstock.com
I-Metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) Izinhlayiya ze-Splash zikhiqizwa ngamaconsi ancibilikisiwe akhishwa echibini elincibilikisiwe noma izinhlayiya ze-powder ezishiswa eduze noma ngaphezulu kwendawo yokuncibilika njengoba zidlula emsebeni we-laser.
Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwendawo engasebenzi kahle, ukusabela okuphezulu kwensimbi eduze nokushisa kwayo kokuncibilika kukhuthaza ukubola. Nakuba izinhlayiya zokufafaza ezikhishwa ngesikhathi se-LPBF zincibilika okungenani isikhashana ebusweni, ukusabalala kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ebusweni kungenzeka, futhi lezi zinto ezinobudlelwano obuphezulu be-oxygen zikhiqiza izendlalelo ze-oxide ezijiyile.
Njengoba ingcindezi engaphelele yomoya-mpilo ku-LPBF ivame ukuba phezulu kunaleyo ye-atomization yegesi, amathuba okubopha nomoya-mpilo ayanda.
Ama-spatter ensimbi engagqwali kanye ne-nickel-based alloy ayaziwa ukuthi ashisa ngokushesha, akha iziqhingi ezifika kumamitha amaningana ngobukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-stainless steel kanye ne-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel, njengalawo akhiqiza ama-spatter e-oxide yohlobo lwesiqhingi, avame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ngomshini ku-LPBF, futhi asebenzisa le ndlela kuma-spatter ensimbi e-LPBF ajwayelekile ukukhombisa ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwamakhemikhali kubalulekile ku-Powder ngendlela evamile.
(a) Isithombe se-SEM sezinhlayiya ze-stainless steel spatter, (b) indlela yokuhlola yokuqopha amakhemikhali okushisa, (c) ukwelashwa kwe-LPBF kwezinhlayiya ze-statter ezisusiwe i-oxid. Isithombe sithathwe ngu: Murray, J. W, et al, Additive Manufacturing Letters
Kulolu cwaningo, abalobi basebenzise indlela entsha yokuqopha amakhemikhali ukususa ama-oxide ebusweni bempuphu yensimbi engagqwali e-oxidized. Ukuncibilika kwensimbi nxazonke nangaphansi kweziqhingi ze-oxide kumpuphu kusetshenziswa njengendlela eyinhloko yokususa i-oxide, okuvumela ukususwa kwe-oxide okunamandla kakhulu. Impuphu ye-splash, i-etch kanye ne-virgin yahlungwa yaba usayizi ofanayo wempuphu ukuze kucutshungulwe i-LPBF.
Ithimba libonise indlela yokususa ama-oxide ezinhlayiyeni ze-statter zensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi lezo ezazihlukaniswe kusetshenziswa amasu amakhemikhali ukwakha iziqhingi ze-oxide ezicebile ze-Si- kanye ne-Mn ebusweni be-powder. Ama-316L e-statter aqoqwe kusukela embhedeni we-powder we-LPBF prints futhi aqoshwa ngamakhemikhali ngokucwiliswa. Ngemva kokuhlola zonke izinhlayiya zibe nobubanzi obufanayo, i-LPBF izicubungula zibe yi-pass eyodwa nge-statter eqoshiwe eyenziwe kahle kanye nensimbi engagqwali engeyona i-virgin.
Abacwaningi babheke izinga lokushisa kanye nezimbozo ezimbili zensimbi engagqwali ezihlukene. Ngemva kokuhlola ububanzi obufanayo bosayizi, amathrekhi angawodwa e-LPBF adalwe ngokusebenzisa ama-virgin powder afanayo, ama-splash powder, kanye nama-splash powder aqoshiwe kahle.
Izimpawu ze-LPBF ngazinye ezikhiqizwa ngokufafaza, ukufafaza okunamathelayo, kanye nempuphu ehlanzekile. Isithombe sokukhulisa okuphezulu sibonisa ukuthi ungqimba lwe-oxide oluvame kakhulu kumzila onamathelisiwe luyasuswa kumzila onamathelisiwe. Impuphu yokuqala ibonise ukuthi amanye ama-oxide ayesekhona. Isithombe: Murray, J. W, et al, Additive Manufacturing Letters
Ukumbozwa kwendawo ye-okside ku-316L stainless steel splash powder kwehle ngo-10, kusuka ku-7% kuya ku-0.7% ngemuva kokuthi i-reagent kaRalph ishiswe yaya ku-65 °C ebhavini lamanzi ihora eli-1. Uma idweba indawo enkulu, idatha ye-EDX ibonise ukwehla kwamazinga e-oxygen kusuka ku-13.5% kuya ku-4.5%.
I-spatter eqoshiwe ine-oxide slag coating ephansi ebusweni bethrekhi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-spatter. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chemical etching yempuphu yandisa ukumuncwa kwempuphu ethrekhini. I-chemical etching inamandla okuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha nokuqina kwempuphu esetshenzisiwe noma esetshenziswa kakhulu eyenziwe ngempuphu yensimbi engagqwali esetshenziswa kabanzi futhi engagqwali.
Kuwo wonke ububanzi besihluzo esingu-45-63 µm, izinhlayiya ezisele ezihlanganisiwe ezimpushweni zokufafaza eziqoshiwe nezingaqoshiwe zichaza ukuthi kungani amavolumu alandelanayo empushweni eziqoshiwe nezisakazwayo afana, kuyilapho amavolumu empushweni yokuqala engaba ngu-50% makhulu. Amampushwe ahlanganisiwe noma akha isathelayithi abonwe ethinta ubuningi kanye nomthamo.
I-spatter eqoshiwe ine-oxide slag ephansi ebusweni bomzila uma kuqhathaniswa ne-spatter. Lapho ama-oxide esuswa ngamakhemikhali, izimpushana eziboshwe kancane nezingenalutho zibonisa ubufakazi bokubopha okungcono kwama-oxide ancishisiwe, okubangelwa ukumanzika okungcono.
I-schematic ekhombisa izinzuzo zokwelashwa kwe-LPBF lapho kususwa ama-oxide ngamakhemikhali ku-splash powder ezinhlelweni zensimbi engagqwali. Ukumanzisa okuhle kakhulu kutholakala ngokususa ama-oxide. Isithombe sithathwe ngu: Murray, J. W, et al, Additive Manufacturing Letters
Ngamafuphi, lolu cwaningo lusebenzise inqubo yokuqopha amakhemikhali ukuze kuphinde kukhiqizwe izimpushana ze-stainless steel spatter ezifakwe i-oxidized kakhulu ngokucwiliswa ku-reagent kaRalph, isixazululo se-ferric chloride kanye ne-cupric chloride ku-hydrochloric acid. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukucwiliswa kusisombululo se-Ralph etchant esishisayo ihora eli-1 kwaholela ekunciphiseni okuphindwe kayishumi kokumbozwa kwendawo ye-oxide kumpushana ochayiwe.
Abalobi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuqopha ngamakhemikhali kunamandla okuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa ngezinga elibanzi ukuvuselela izinhlayiya eziningi ezisetshenzisiwe kabusha noma izimpushana ze-LPBF, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa inani lezinto ezibizayo ezisekelwe kumpushana.
UMurray, JW, Speidel, A., Spierings, A. nabanye. Ukwandisa impilo yempuphu ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe: ukuqoshwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-stainless steel spatter. Izincwadi Zokukhiqiza Okungeziwe 100057 (2022). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369022000317
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UbuJainism, Subi. (24 Meyi 2022). Indlela entsha yokuqopha amakhemikhali isusa ama-oxide ku-oxidised stainless steel splash powder. AZOM. Kuthathwe ngoJulayi 21, 2022 ku-https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=59143.
UbuJainism, Subi.”Indlela entsha yokuqopha amakhemikhali yokususa ama-oxide ku-oxidized stainless steel spatter powder”.AZOM.Julayi 21, 2022..
UbuJainism, Subi.”Indlela entsha yokuqopha amakhemikhali yokususa ama-oxide ku-oxidized stainless steel spatter powder”.AZOM.https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=59143.(Kufinyelelwe ngomhlaka-21 Julayi 2022).
UbuJainism, Subi.2022. Indlela entsha yokuqopha amakhemikhali yokususa ama-oxide ku-oxidized stainless steel splash powder. AZoM, kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 21, 2022, https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=59143.
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