Ukugcina ukuthembeka kwezixhobo zoxinzelelo yinto eqhubekayo kuye nawuphi na umnini/umqhubi. Abanini/abaqhubi bezixhobo ezifana neenqanawa, ii-oven, ii-boilers, ii-exchangers, iitanki zokugcina, kunye nemibhobho kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nazo baxhomekeke kwinkqubo yolawulo lokuthembeka ukuvavanya ukuthembeka kwezixhobo kunye nokukhusela ukuthembeka kwezixhobo ukuze zisebenze ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezingatshabalalisiyo zihlala zisetyenziswa ukujonga izinto ezibalulekileyo, njengoko ukuqonda isinyithi esichanekileyo sale nxalenye kubalulekile ekuthembekeni nasekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalunganga lwezinto kunokuba neziphumo ezimbi.
Ukuvavanya ezinye zezi zinto (ezifana namacandelo amancinci okanye iindibano zemibhobho) uhlalutyo lwekhabhoni kunye namanqanaba ezinto kunokuba nzima ngenxa yejometri okanye ubungakanani. Ngenxa yobunzima bokuhlalutya izinto, ezi ndawo zihlala zingabandakanywa kwinkqubo yePositive Material Identification (PMI). Kodwa awunakuyityeshela nayiphi na indawo ebalulekileyo, kuquka imibhobho emincinci ephambili. Ingxenye encinci engasebenzi kakuhle kwinkqubo ebalulekileyo inokuba nefuthe elifanayo nokusilela kwenxalenye enkulu. Iziphumo zokusilela zinokuba ncinci, kodwa iziphumo zinokuba zifana: umlilo, ixesha lokungasebenzi kwesityalo, kunye nokwenzakala.
Njengoko i-Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) isuke kwiindlela zokuhlalutya elebhu ukuya kwi-mainstream, amandla okwenza i-100% yovavanyo lwekhabhoni olufunekayo lwazo zonke izinto ezikwintsimi ngumsantsa omkhulu kushishino olusandula ukuzaliswa ziindlela zokuhlalutya. Le teknoloji ephathwayo ivumela abanini/abaqhubi ukuba bavavanye ngokuthembekileyo nangokuchanekileyo ezi zinto ukuze babone ukuba ziyahambelana na nenkqubo yezinto kwaye ibonelela ngesisombululo esipheleleyo sokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezikwindawo kuquka nohlalutyo lwekhabhoni.
Umfanekiso 1. Uhlalutyo lweCarbon lweSciAps Z-902 ER308L Weld ¼” Umthombo oBanzi: SciAps (Cofa umfanekiso ukuze wandise.)
I-LIBS yindlela yokukhupha ukukhanya esebenzisa i-pulsed laser ukususa umphezulu wento kwaye yenze i-plasma. I-spectrometer ekwibhodi ilinganisa ukukhanya kwi-plasma ngokomgangatho, yahlula ubude bomphezulu ngamnye ukuze ityhile umxholo wezinto ezisisiseko, oza kulinganiswa ngokulinganiswa kwebhodi. Ngezinto ezintsha zamva nje kwii-analyzer ze-LIBS eziphathwayo, kubandakanya iindawo zokuphuma ezincinci kakhulu, umoya we-argon ongasebenziyo unokufezekiswa ngaphandle kokuvala iindawo ezigobileyo okanye iindawo ezincinci, okuvumela iingcali ukuba zivavanye iindawo nokuba zingakanani na okanye i-geometry. Iingcali zilungiselela iindawo, zisebenzisa iikhamera zangaphakathi ukujolisa kwiindawo zokuvavanya kwaye zihlalutye. Indawo yovavanyo imalunga ne-50 microns, eya kuvumela iingcali ukuba zilinganise iindawo zalo naluphi na ubungakanani, kuquka iindawo ezincinci kakhulu, ngaphandle kwesidingo se-adapters, ukuqokelela iishevings, okanye ukuthumela izinto ezizincamayo kwilebhu.
Abavelisi abaliqela bavelisa ii-analyzer ze-LIBS eziphathwayo ezithengiswayo. Xa bekhangela i-analyzer efanelekileyo yesicelo sakho, abasebenzisi kufuneka bakhumbule ukuba ayizizo zonke ii-analyzer ze-LIBS eziphathwayo ezidalwe zilingana. Kukho iimodeli ezininzi zee-analyzer ze-LIBS kwimarike ezivumela ukuchongwa kwezinto, kodwa kungekhona umxholo wekhabhoni. Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo apho kufuneka khona amanqanaba ezinto, ikhabhoni iyalinganiswa kwaye izinto zilinganiswa ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bekhabhoni. Ke ngoko, ikhabhoni ibalulekile kwinkqubo yolawulo olupheleleyo lokuthembeka.
Umfanekiso 2. Uhlalutyo lwekhabhoni lweSciAps Z-902 lwesikrufu somatshini esiyi-1/4-intshi, izinto ezingama-316H. Umthombo: SciAps (Cofa umfanekiso ukuze wandise.)
Umzekelo, intsimbi yekhabhoni eyi-1030 ichongwa ngumxholo wekhabhoni kwizinto, kwaye amanani amabini okugqibela kwigama lezinto achaza umxholo wekhabhoni oqhelekileyo - i-0.30% yekhabhoni yikhabhoni eqhelekileyo kwintsimbi yekhabhoni eyi-1030. Oku kukwasebenza nakwezinye iintsimbi zekhabhoni ezifana ne-1040, intsimbi yekhabhoni eyi-1050, njl. Okanye ukuba ubhala intsimbi engatyiwayo yochungechunge lwama-300, umxholo wekhabhoni yinto esisiseko efunekayo ukuchonga umgangatho we-L okanye we-H wezinto, ezifana nezinto ze-316L okanye ze-316H. Ukuba awuyilinganisi ikhabhoni, uchonga nje uhlobo lwezinto kwaye hayi umgangatho wezinto.
Umfanekiso 3. Uhlalutyo lweCarbon lweSciAps Z-902 lwe-1” s/160 A106 oluFakela iiNkonzo ze-HF Alkylation Umthombo: SciAps (Cofa umfanekiso ukuze wandise.)
Abahlalutyi be-LIBS abangenawo amandla okulinganisa ikhabhoni banokuchonga kuphela izinto, ezifana nezixhobo ze-X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Nangona kunjalo, abavelisi abaliqela bavelisa abahlalutyi bekhabhoni be-LIBS abaphathwa ngesandla abakwaziyo ukulinganisa umxholo wekhabhoni. Kukho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwabahlalutyi abafana nobukhulu, ubunzima, inani lokulinganiswa okufumanekayo, ujongano lwesampulu kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ngokuchasene nezingavalwanga, kunye nokufikelela kwiindawo ezincinci zohlalutyo. Abahlalutyi be-LIBS abanemingxuma emincinci yokuphuma abadingi sitywino se-argon sokuvavanya, kwaye abadingi iiadaptha zewijethi ezifunekayo ngabanye abahlalutyi be-LIBS okanye iiyunithi ze-OES ukuvavanya iiwidget. Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba ivumela iingcali ukuba zivavanye nayiphi na inxalenye yenkqubo ye-PMI ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iiadaptha ezikhethekileyo. Abasebenzisi kufuneka bafunde imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ye-analyzer ukuze babone ukuba isixhobo sinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo esicetywayo, ingakumbi ukuba isicelo sifuna i-100% PMI.
Amandla ezixhobo ze-LIBS eziphathwayo atshintsha indlela elawulwa ngayo uhlalutyo lwentsimi. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela umnini/umqhubi ngendlela yokuhlalutya izinto ezingenayo, izinto ze-PMI ezisetyenziswayo/zakudala, ii-welds, izinto ezisetyenziswayo zokuwelda, kunye nazo naziphi na izinto ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yazo ye-PMI, zibonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo nesithembekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuthembeka kwempahla. Isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu ngaphandle komsebenzi owongezelelweyo okanye iindleko zokuthenga iindawo ezizincamayo okanye ukuqokelela iishevings nokuzithumela kwilebhu nokulinda iziphumo. Ezi analyzer ze-LIBS eziphathwayo neziphathwayo zibonelela abasebenzisi ngemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo eyayingekho kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo.
Umfanekiso 4. Uhlalutyo lweCarbon lweSciAps Z-902 1/8” Wire, 316L Umthombo wezinto: SciAps (Cofa umfanekiso ukuze wandise.)
Ukuthembeka kweeAsethi kuquka inkqubo ebanzi yokuqinisekisa izinto, ngoku esetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kweli candelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela izixhobo kunye nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Ngophando oluncinci kwi-analyzer efanelekileyo kunye nokuqonda usetyenziso, abanini/abaqhubi ngoku banokuhlalutya ngokuthembekileyo kwaye banike amanqaku kuzo naziphi na izixhobo kwinkqubo yabo yokuthembeka kweeasethi, nokuba zingakanani na ijiyometri okanye ubungakanani, kwaye bafumane uhlalutyo lwexesha langempela. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezingundoqo ezinobunzima obuncinci ngoku zinokuhlalutywa ngoko nangoko, ngokuzithemba nangokuchanekileyo zinike abanini/abasebenzisi idatha efunekayo ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela ukuthembeka kwezixhobo.
Le teknoloji intsha ivumela abanini/abaqhubi ukuba bagcine umgangatho ophezulu wokuthembeka nokuthembeka kwezixhobo zabo ngokuvala izikhewu kuhlalutyo lwentsimi yekhabhoni.
UJames Terrell nguMlawuli woPhuhliso lweShishini – NDT kwiSciAps, Inc., umenzi wee-XRF kunye nee-LIBS analyzers eziphathwayo.
Ukubhiyozela iminyaka eli-10 yethu, le ngqungquthela ihlanganise amawaka abantu ababekho kunye namakhulu abantu ababekho ukuze babonise ubuchwepheshe bamva nje, izixhobo kunye neemveliso zendibano. Phawula ikhalenda yakho kwaye ucebe ukuba yinxalenye yesi siganeko sibalulekileyo, apho abo babekho baya kufumanisa izixhobo ezintsha, bavavanye ubuchwepheshe kunye neemveliso zamva nje, bafunde kwiingcali zoshishino, kwaye baqhagamshelane neengcali ezinamava.
Ngenisa isicelo seSindululo (i-RFP) kumthengisi omthandayo uze ucofe iqhosha elichaza iimfuno zakho