Ko te pupuri i te kounga o ngā taputapu pēhanga he mea tonu mō te rangatira/kaiwhakahaere katoa. Ko ngā rangatira/kaiwhakahaere o ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā oko, ngā oumu, ngā kohua, ngā whakawhiti, ngā tāke rokiroki, me ngā paipa me ngā taputapu e pā ana, ka whakawhirinaki ki tētahi kaupapa whakahaere kounga hei aromatawai i te pono o ngā taputapu me te tiaki i te kounga o ngā taputapu mō te mahi haumaru me te whai hua. He maha ngā tikanga kore-whakangaro e whakamahia ana hei aroturuki i ngā wāhanga nui, nā te mea he mea nui te mārama ki te mahi whakarewa tika o ēnei wāhanga mō tō rātou pono me te mahi haumaru. Mā te whakamahi i te momo rauemi hē ka puta he hua kino.
He uaua pea te whakamātautau i ētahi o ēnei wāhanga (pēnei i ngā wāhanga iti, i ngā huihuinga paipa rānei) mō te tātari waro me ngā tohu rauemi nā te āhuahanga, te rahi rānei. Nā te uaua o te tātari i te rauemi, he maha ngā wā ka tangohia ēnei wāhanga mai i te kaupapa Tāutu Rauemi Pai (PMI). Engari kāore e taea te wareware i ngā wāhanga nui, tae atu ki ngā paipa poka iti matua. Ka rite te pānga o tētahi wāhanga iti e rahua ana i roto i tētahi pūnaha nui ki te rahua o tētahi wāhanga nui ake. He iti ake pea ngā hua o tētahi rahua, engari he rite tonu pea ngā hua: te ahi, te wā kore mahi o te tipu tukatuka, me te whara.
I te mea kua neke te Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) mai i ngā tikanga tātari taiwhanga ki te ao whānui, ko te kaha ki te mahi i te 100% o te whakamātautau waro e hiahiatia ana mō ngā wāhanga katoa o te mara he āputa nui i roto i te umanga kua whakakīia e ngā tikanga tātari. Mā tēnei hangarau ringaringa ka taea e ngā rangatira/kaiwhakahaere te whakamātautau pono me te tika i ēnei wāhanga mō te tutuki i ngā tukanga rauemi, ā, ka whakaratohia he otinga whānui mō te manatoko rauemi i te papaanga tae atu ki te tātari waro.
Ahua 1. Tātaritanga Waro o te SciAps Z-902 ER308L Weld ¼” Whānui Puna: SciAps (Pāwhiritia te ahua hei whakanui.)
Ko te LIBS he tikanga tuku mārama e whakamahi ana i te taiaho pāorooro hei tango i te mata o tētahi rauemi, hei hanga i tētahi parāma. Ka inehia e te ine ā-papa te mārama mai i te parāma, ka wehea ngā roangaru takitahi hei whakaatu i ngā ihirangi huānga, ka inehia mā te whakatikatika i runga papa. Mā ngā auahatanga hou o ngā tātaritanga LIBS ringaringa, tae atu ki ngā kōhao putanga iti rawa, ka taea te whakatutuki i tētahi āhuarangi argon kore mahi me te kore e hiritia ngā mata piko, ngā wāhanga iti rānei, ka taea ai e ngā tohunga hangarau te whakamātautau i ngā wāhanga ahakoa te rahi, te āhua rānei. Ka whakarite ngā tohunga hangarau i ngā mata, ka whakamahi i ngā kāmera ā-roto hei arotahi ki ngā wāhi whakamātautau me te tātari i aua wāhi. Ko te rohe whakamātautau he tata ki te 50 microns, ka taea ai e ngā tohunga hangarau te ine i ngā wāhanga o tētahi rahi, tae atu ki ngā wāhanga iti rawa, me te kore e hiahiatia he urutau, he kohikohi i ngā kongakonga, he tuku rānei i ngā wāhanga patunga tapu ki te taiwhanga.
He maha ngā kaihanga e whakaputa ana i ngā mīhini tātari LIBS ringaringa e wātea ana i te mākete. Ina rapu ana koe i te mīhini tātari tika mō tō tono, me mahara ngā kaiwhakamahi kāore i te rite te hanganga o ngā mīhini tātari LIBS ringaringa katoa. He maha ngā tauira o ngā mīhini tātari LIBS kei te mākete e āhei ai te tautuhi rauemi, engari kāore i te wātea te ihirangi waro. Heoi, i roto i ngā tono e hiahiatia ana ngā tohu rauemi, ka inehia te waro, ā, ka tohua te rauemi i runga i te nui o te waro. Nō reira, he mea nui te waro ki tētahi kaupapa whakahaere pono whānui.
Ahua 2. Tātaritanga waro SciAps Z-902 o te tīwiri mīhini 1/4-inihi, rauemi 316H. Puna: SciAps (Pāwhiritia te ahua hei whakanui.)
Hei tauira, ka tautuhia te maitai waro 1030 e te nui o te waro i roto i te rauemi, ā, ko ngā tau whakamutunga e rua i roto i te ingoa rauemi e tohu ana i te nui o te waro ingoa – 0.30% te waro te waro ingoa i roto i te maitai waro 1030. Ka pā anō hoki tēnei ki ētahi atu maitai waro pērā i te maitai waro 1040, 1050, me ētahi atu. Ki te mea kei te whakarōpū koe i te maitai kore waikura raupapa 300, ko te nui o te waro te huānga taketake e hiahiatia ana hei tautuhi i te taumata L, H rānei o tētahi rauemi, pērā i te rauemi 316L, 316H rānei. Ki te kore koe e ine i te waro, kei te tautuhi noa koe i te momo rauemi, ehara i te taumata rauemi.
Pikitia 3. Tātari Waro SciAps Z-902 o te Whakaurunga 1” s/160 A106 mō ngā Ratonga HF Alkylation Puna: SciAps (Pāwhiritia te ahua hei whakanui.)
Ko ngā tātari LIBS kāore e taea te ine i te waro ka taea anake te tautuhi i ngā rauemi, he rite ki ngā taputapu X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Heoi, he maha ngā kaihanga e hanga ana i ngā tātari waro LIBS ringaringa e taea ai te ine i te ihirangi waro. He rerekētanga taketake kei roto i ngā tātari pēnei i te rahi, te taumaha, te maha o ngā whakatikatika e wātea ana, te atanga tauira mō ngā mata hiri me ngā mata kāore i hiritia, me te urunga ki ngā wāhanga iti hei tātari. Kāore ngā tātari LIBS me ngā kōhao putanga iti e hiahia ana ki te hiri argon mō te whakamātautau, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he urutau widget e hiahiatia ana e ētahi atu tātari LIBS, e ngā wae OES rānei hei whakamātautau i ngā widget. Ko te painga o tēnei tikanga ko te āheinga o ngā tohunga hangarau ki te whakamātautau i tētahi wāhanga o te tukanga PMI me te kore e whakamahi i ngā urutau motuhake. Me ako ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā mahi rerekē o te tātari kia mōhio ai mēnā ka taea e te taputapu te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te tono e whakaarohia ana, inā koa mēnā e hiahiatia ana e te tono te 100% PMI.
Kei te whakarerekē ngā āheinga o ngā taputapu LIBS ringaringa i te huarahi e whakahaerehia ai te tātari mara. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei taputapu he huarahi ki te rangatira/kaiwhakahaere ki te tātari i ngā rauemi e haere mai ana, ngā rauemi PMI kei te mahi/tawhito, ngā whakarewa, ngā mea pau whakarewa, me ngā wāhanga nui katoa o tā rātou kaupapa PMI, e whakarato ana i tētahi otinga whai hua me te pono mō tētahi kaupapa pono rawa. He otinga utu-whai hua me te kore he mahi tāpiri, he utu rānei mō te hoko wāhanga patunga tapu, te kohikohi parai rānei me te tuku atu ki te taiwhanga me te tatari mō ngā hua. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei tātari LIBS ringaringa, kawe, ngā mahi tāpiri ki ngā kaiwhakamahi kāore i te wātea i ētahi tau kua pahure.
Ahua 4. Tātaritanga Waro o te Waea SciAps Z-902 1/8”, Rauemi 316L Pūtake: SciAps (Pāwhiritia te ahua hei whakanui.)
Kei roto i te Pono o ngā Rawa he kaupapa manatoko rauemi whānui, kua whakatinanahia katoatia i te mara, hei manatoko i te tutuki o ngā taputapu me te whakahaere haumaru me te whai hua. Mā te rangahau iti ki te tātari tika me te mārama ki te tono, ka taea e ngā rangatira/kaiwhakahaere te tātari pono me te whakarōpū i ngā taputapu katoa i roto i tā rātou kaupapa pono o ngā rawa, ahakoa te āhua, te rahi rānei, me te whiwhi tātaritanga wā-tūturu. Ka taea te tātari tonu i ngā wāhanga iti-poka nui, me te maia me te tika ki te whakarato i ngā raraunga e tika ana ki ngā rangatira/kaiwhakamahi hei whakatau kaupapa nui hei tiaki i te pono o ngā taputapu.
Mā tēnei hangarau auaha ka taea e ngā rangatira/kaiwhakahaere te pupuri i te taumata tiketike o te pono me te pono o ā rātou taputapu mā te whakakī i ngā āputa i roto i te tātaritanga mara waro.
Ko James Terrell te Kaiwhakahaere Whakawhanake Pakihi – NDT i SciAps, Inc., he kaihanga o ngā mīhini tātaritanga XRF me LIBS ā-ringa.
Hei whakanui i tō mātou huritau 10, i huihui mai te hui i ngā mano tini o ngā tāngata i tae mai me ngā rau o ngā kaiwhakaatu ki te whakaatu i ngā hangarau, taputapu me ngā hua hou o te huihuinga. Tohua tō maramataka, ā, whakamahere kia whai wāhi atu koe ki tēnei huihuinga nui, ka kitea e ngā tāngata i tae mai ngā rauemi hou, ka arotake i ngā hangarau me ngā hua hou, ka ako mai i ngā tohunga ahumahi, ā, ka hono atu ki ngā tohunga ngaio.
Tukuna he Tono mō te Tūtohinga (RFP) ki tētahi kaihoko o tāu e pai ai, ka pāwhiri i te pātene e whakaatu ana i ō hiahia.