Nuburyo bwo kwangirika kwangirika kwicyuma kitagira umwanda, imiyoboro yicyuma yashyizwe mubidukikije byo mu nyanja ihura nubwoko butandukanye bwangirika mubuzima bwabo buteganijwe.Iyi ruswa irashobora gutuma imyuka ihumanya ikirere, igihombo cyibicuruzwa nibishobora guteza ingaruka. n'ibikoresho byo kumva kugirango ruswa idashobora guhungabanya ubusugire bw'imiyoboro yashizweho no guhungabanya umutekano.
Kwangirika kwaho gushobora kuboneka kurubuga rwinshi, amato, amato, hamwe nu miyoboro mu bikoresho byo hanze. Iyi ruswa irashobora kuba muburyo bwo gutobora cyangwa kwangirika, kimwe muricyo gishobora kwangiza urukuta rw'imiyoboro kandi bigatera kurekura amazi.
Ibyago byo kwangirika ni byinshi mugihe ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya porogaramu bwiyongereye.Ubushyuhe burashobora kwihutisha isenywa rya firime irinda passiyo yo mu bwoko bwa paside oxyde, bityo bigatuma habaho kwangirika.
Kubwamahirwe, kwangirika kwahantu hamwe no kwangirika birashobora kugorana kubimenya, bigatuma ubu bwoko bwa ruswa bugorana kubimenya, guhanura no kubishushanya. Gutanga izi ngaruka, banyiri urubuga, abakora nabashinzwe kugena ibintu bagomba kwitonda mugihe bahisemo ibikoresho byiza byo kuvoma kugirango babisabe. Guhitamo ibikoresho niwo murongo wabo wa mbere wo kwirinda ruswa, kubwibyo rero birashobora guhitamo neza. Umubare uhwanye (PREN) .Igiciro kinini PREN yagaciro cyicyuma, niko irwanya kwangirika kwaho.
Iyi ngingo izasuzuma uburyo bwo kumenya ibibyimba byangirika hamwe nuburyo bwo guhitamo uburyo bwo gutoranya ibikoresho bya peteroli na gazi yo mu mahanga hashingiwe ku gaciro ka PREN.
Kwangirika kwiherereye biboneka ahantu hato ugereranije no kwangirika muri rusange, bikaba bisa neza hejuru yicyuma.Kwangirika no gutobora bitangira kwibumbira kumiyoboro 316 idafite ingese mugihe ibyuma bya chromium bikungahaye kuri pasitoro ya okiside ya firime iturika bitewe no guhura n’amazi yangirika, harimo n’amazi y’umunyu. firime ya passivation.
gutobora. Gutobora kwangirika bibaho mugihe firime ya passivation yuburebure bwumuringa isenyutse, igakora imyenge mito cyangwa ibyobo hejuru yumuyoboro. Ibyobo byinshi birashoboka ko byakura mugihe reaction ya electrochemicique ibaho, bigatuma icyuma kiri mubyuma gishonga mugisubizo munsi yumwobo.Icyuma gishonga kizahita gikwirakwira hejuru yumwobo hamwe na okiside yimbaraga za fer. ruswa irakomera, kandi irashobora gutuma umuntu atobora urukuta rw'imiyoboro kandi biganisha ku kumeneka.
Kubyimba birashobora kwibasirwa cyane no kwangirika mugihe ubuso bwacyo bwanduye (Igicapo 1) .Urugero, kwanduza ibikorwa byo gusudira no gusya bishobora kwangiza igipande cya oxyde ya piside ya pisitori, bityo bigatuma habaho kwihuta kwangirika.Ibyo bigenda no guhangana gusa n’umwanda uva mu miyoboro ya vitamine ikora. biganisha ku kwangirika.Kwirinda ubu bwoko bwanduye, komeza imiyoboro yawe isukuye buri gihe uyisukamo amazi meza.
Igicapo 1 - 316 / 316L umuyoboro wibyuma udafite umwanda wanduye aside, brine nibindi bibitsa birashobora kwibasirwa cyane no kwangirika.
ruswa ya ruswa. Mubihe byinshi, gutobora birashobora kumenyekana byoroshye nuwabikoresheje.Nyamara, kwangirika kwa crevice ntabwo byoroshye kubimenya kandi bigatera ibyago byinshi kubakoresha ndetse nabakozi.Bisanzwe biboneka kumiyoboro ifite umwanya muto hagati yibikoresho bikikije, nk'imiyoboro ifashwe hamwe na clips cyangwa imiyoboro ishyizwe hamwe kuruhande rwa chide ya feride yinjira muri crevice ya feride yinjira muri crevice ya fer. agace mugihe kandi gitera kwihuta kwangirika (Isanamu 2) .Kubera ko imyobo ubwayo yongerera ibyago byo kwangirika, kwangirika kwimitsi bishobora kugaragara mubushyuhe buri munsi ugereranije no kwangirika.
Igishushanyo 2 - Kwangirika kwa crevice birashobora gukura hagati yumuyoboro nu nkunga ya pipe (hejuru) nigihe iyo umuyoboro ushyizwe hafi yandi masura (hepfo) bitewe no gushiraho imiti ya acide ferric chloride ya chimide ikabije.
Kwangirika kwa Crevice mubusanzwe bigereranya kubora mbere yambere mu mwobo wakozwe hagati yuburebure bwumuyoboro na clip yunganira imiyoboro.Nyamara, bitewe nubwiyongere bwa Fe ++ mumazi mumavunja, igikuta cyambere kiba kinini kandi kinini kugeza igihe gitwikiriye ibice byose. Amaherezo, ruswa ishobora gutobora umuyoboro.
Kuvunika gukomeye ni byo byago byinshi byo kwangirika.Nuko rero, imiyoboro ya pompe izenguruka hafi yumuzenguruko wumuyoboro ikunda kwerekana ibyago byinshi kuruta clamp zifunguye, ibyo bikaba bigabanya ubuso bwihuza hagati yumuyoboro na clamp.
Gutobora no gutobora birashobora gukumirwa neza muguhitamo icyuma gikwiye kugirango ushyire mubikorwa.Ibisobanuro bigomba gukorana umwete kugirango uhitemo ibikoresho byiza byo kuvoma kugirango bigabanye ingaruka zo kwangirika hashingiwe kubikorwa bikora, imiterere yimikorere nibindi bihinduka.
Kugira ngo bafashe abadondora guhitamo ibikoresho, barashobora kugereranya agaciro PREN agaciro kugirango bamenye ko barwanya ruswa.
PREN yiyongera hamwe nibiri mu bintu birwanya ruswa chromium, molybdenum na azote muri alloy.Umubano wa PREN ushingiye ku bushyuhe bukomeye bwo gutobora (CPT) - ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane bubonamo ruswa - ku byuma bitandukanye bitagira umwanda bijyanye no guhimba imiti. By'umwihariko, PREN iringaniza na PREN. CPT ugereranije na alloy, mugihe kwiyongera kwinshi muri PREN byerekana iterambere ryinshi mumikorere kuri CPT iri hejuru cyane.
Imbonerahamwe 1 igereranya indangagaciro za PREN zivanze ninshi zikoreshwa mugukoresha peteroli na gazi yo hanze. Irerekana uburyo ibisobanuro bishobora kunoza cyane kurwanya ruswa muguhitamo imiyoboro yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Ubwinshi bwa nikel (Ni) mubyuma bidafite ingese nabyo byongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.Nyamara, nikel yibigize ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ntabwo biri muburinganire bwa PREN.Mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, akenshi ni byiza kwerekana ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe na nikel nyinshi, kuko iki kintu gifasha kongera gushushanya hejuru yerekana ibimenyetso bya ruswa ikabije. umuyoboro.Martensite nicyiciro cya kirisiti itifuzwa mubyuma bigabanya ibyuma bitagira umwanda mukurwanya ruswa hamwe na chloride iterwa no guhagarika umutima.Nikel yo hejuru ya nikel byibuze byibuze 12% muri 316 / 316L nayo irakenewe mubisabwa birimo ingufu za hydrogène yumuvuduko ukabije.
Kwangirika kwiherereye bishobora kugaragara ahantu hose kumiyoboro ikoreshwa mubidukikije byo mu nyanja.Nyamara, ruswa ishobora kugaragara cyane mubice bimaze kwanduzwa, mugihe ruswa ya ruswa ishobora kugaragara ahantu hafite icyuho gito kiri hagati yumuyoboro hamwe nibikoresho byiyongera. Ukoresheje PREN nkibyingenzi, uwagennye arashobora guhitamo imiyoboro myiza ya ruswa kugirango igabanye ingaruka zubwoko bwose bwa ruswa.
Ariko rero, uzirikane ko hari izindi mpinduka zishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kwangirika.Urugero, ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka ku guhangana n’ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Kubireba ikirere gishyushye cyo mu nyanja, 6 molybdenum super austenitike cyangwa 2507 super duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bigomba kwitabwaho cyane kubera ko ibyo bikoresho bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa hamwe na chloride ihangayikishije. yashizweho.
Ba nyir'ibikorwa bya Offshore hamwe nababikora barashobora kandi gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika nyuma yo gushyirwaho igituba.Bagomba guhora imiyoboro isukuye kandi igasukwa namazi meza buri gihe kugirango bagabanye ibyago byo kwangirika.Bagomba kandi kugira abatekinisiye babifungura bafungura clamping mugihe cyo kugenzura buri gihe kugirango barebe ko habaho ruswa.
Ukurikije intambwe zavuzwe haruguru, ba nyir'ibikorwa n’abakoresha barashobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kwangirika no gutemba bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije byo mu nyanja, kuzamura umutekano no gukora neza, mu gihe bigabanya amahirwe yo gutakaza ibicuruzwa cyangwa kurekura ibyuka bihumanya.
Brad Bollinger is the Oil and Gas Marketing Manager for Swagelok Company.He can be reached at bradley.bollinger@swagelok.com.
Ikinyamakuru cy’ikoranabuhanga rya peteroli nicyo kinyamakuru cyamamaye cy’umuryango w’abashoramari ba peteroli, gitanga ibisobanuro byemewe n’ibiranga iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ubushakashatsi n’umusaruro, ibibazo bya peteroli na gaze, namakuru yerekeye SPE n’abanyamuryango bayo.