Kupanga bwino komanso kogwira mtima kwa chitoliro kapena chitoliro kumafuna kukonza bwino zinthu 10,000, kuphatikizapo kukonza zida. Popeza pali zida zambiri zosunthira mu mtundu uliwonse wa mphero ndi zida zilizonse zozungulira, kutsatira ndondomeko yodzitetezera yomwe wopanga amalangiza si ntchito yophweka. Chithunzi: T & H Lemont Inc.
Chidziwitso cha Mkonzi: Iyi ndi gawo loyamba la mndandanda wa magawo awiri okhudza kukonza ntchito za chubu kapena payipi. Werengani gawo lachiwiri.
Kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi machubu kungakhale kovuta, ngakhale pakakhala zabwino kwambiri. Mafakitale ndi ovuta, amafunika kukonzedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo kutengera zomwe amapanga, mpikisano umakhala waukulu. Opanga mapaipi achitsulo ambiri ali pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwakukulu kuti awonjezere nthawi yogwira ntchito kuti apeze ndalama zambiri, popanda nthawi yokwanira yokonza nthawi zonse.
Masiku ano palibe njira yabwino kwambiri yogwirira ntchito m'makampani. Zipangizo ndi zodula ndipo kutumiza pang'ono sikwachilendo. Tsopano kuposa kale lonse, opanga mapaipi akufunika kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochulukirapo ndikuchepetsa zotsalira, ndipo kulandira kutumiza pang'ono kumatanthauza kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuthamanga kwakanthawi kochepa kumatanthauza kusinthana pafupipafupi, komwe sikugwiritsa ntchito bwino nthawi kapena ntchito.
"Nthawi yopangira zinthu ndi yapamwamba kwambiri pakadali pano," anatero Mark Prasek, Woyang'anira Kugulitsa Ma Tubing ku North American ku EFD Induction.
Kukambirana ndi akatswiri amakampani pa malangizo ndi njira zopezera phindu lalikulu kuchokera ku chomera chanu kwavumbula mitu ina yobwerezabwereza:
Kuyendetsa fakitale moyenera kwambiri kumatanthauza kukonza zinthu zambiri, zomwe zambiri zimagwirizana ndi zina, kotero kukonza magwiridwe antchito a fakitale sikophweka kwenikweni. Mawu Oyera a wolemba nkhani wakale wa The Tube & Pipe Journal, Bud Graham, akupereka lingaliro lakuti: "Filimu yopangira machubu ndi chida chosungira zida." Kukumbukira mawu awa kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta. Kumvetsetsa zomwe chida chilichonse chimachita, momwe chimagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe chida chilichonse chimagwirira ntchito ndi zida zina ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nkhondoyi. Kusunga chilichonse kukhala chokonzedwa bwino ndikugwirizana ndi gawo lina mwa magawo atatu. Gawo lomaliza lachitatu limaphatikizapo mapulogalamu ophunzitsira ogwiritsa ntchito, njira zothetsera mavuto, ndi njira zina zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimakhala zapadera kwa wopanga chitoliro chilichonse kapena chitoliro.
Chofunika kwambiri poyendetsa bwino mphero ndichakuti mpheroyo siidalira mphamvu zake. Kupeza mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku mphero kumatanthauza kupeza mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku chogwirira chilichonse chomwe chimaperekedwa ku mpheroyo. Zimayamba ndi chisankho chogula.
kutalika kwa koyilo.Nelson Abbey, mkulu wa Fives Bronx Inc. Abbey Products, anati: “Ma chubu opanga zinthu amakula bwino pamene makoyilo ali aatali kwambiri. Kupanga makoyilo afupiafupi kumatanthauza kukonza malekezero ambiri a koyilo. Malekezero aliwonse a koyilo amafunika chotchingira matako Chotchingira matako chilichonse chimapanga zinyalala.
Vuto apa ndilakuti ma coil omwe ndi aatali momwe angathere akhoza kugulitsidwa pamtengo wapamwamba. Ma coil afupiafupi angapezeke pamitengo yabwino. Ogulitsa angafune kusunga ndalama, koma izi sizikugwirizana ndi malingaliro a ogwira ntchito pafakitale. Pafupifupi aliyense amene amayendetsa fakitale angavomereze kuti kusiyana kwa mitengo kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuti akwaniritse kutayika kwa kupanga komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwina kwa fakitale.
Chinthu china chomwe Abbey anaganizira ndi mphamvu ya cholembera ndi zoletsa zina zilizonse zomwe zingalowe m'malo mwa mphero. Zingakhale zofunikira kuyika ndalama pa zipangizo zolowera zokwera kwambiri kuti zigwire ma coil akuluakulu komanso olemera kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino phindu logula ma coil akuluakulu.
Choduliracho ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, kaya kudulako kumachitika mkati mwa nyumba kapena kunja. Choduliracho chimakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu komanso kukula kwake, kotero kupeza mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa ma coil ndi slitters ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muwonjezere mphamvu yamagetsi.
Mwachidule, ndi mgwirizano pakati pa zinthu zinayi: kukula ndi kulemera kwa coil, m'lifupi wofunikira wa slitter, mphamvu ya slitter, ndi mphamvu ya zida zolowera.
Kuchuluka kwa koyilo ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito. Pa shopu, n'zoonekeratu kuti makoyilo ayenera kukhala ndi m'lifupi woyenera komanso gauge yoyenera kuti apange chinthu, koma zolakwika zimachitika nthawi ndi nthawi. Ogwira ntchito ku fakitole nthawi zambiri amatha kulipira m'lifupi mwa mipiringidzo yomwe ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kapena yayikulu kwambiri, koma izi ndi nkhani ya mlingo chabe. Kusamala kwambiri m'lifupi mwa mipiringidzo ya slit muls ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Mkhalidwe wa m'mphepete mwa mzerewo ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Kuwonekera kosasinthasintha kwa m'mphepete, popanda ma burrs kapena kusagwirizana kulikonse, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ma weld azikhala ogwirizana m'litali mwa mzerewo, akutero Michael Strand, purezidenti wa T&H Lemont. Kuzungulira koyamba, kudula ndi kubwezanso kumagwiranso ntchito. Ma coil omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito mosamala amatha kupindika, zomwe zimakhala zovuta. Njira yopangira yomwe imapangidwa ndi mainjiniya a roll die imayamba ndi mzere wosalala m'malo mwa mzere wopindika.
"Kapangidwe kabwino ka nkhungu kamawonjezera mphamvu," adatero Stan Green, manejala wamkulu wa SST Forming Roll Inc. Iye akunena kuti palibe njira imodzi yokha yopangira machubu, ndipo chifukwa chake palibe njira imodzi yokha yopangira nkhungu. Opereka zida zozungulira amasiyana momwe amagwirira ntchito machubu komanso zinthu zawo. Zokolola zimasiyananso.
“Mzere wozungulira wa pamwamba pa chozunguliracho umasintha nthawi zonse, kotero liwiro lozungulira la chidacho limasintha pamwamba pa chidacho,” iye anatero. Zachidziwikire, chubucho chimadutsa mu mphero pa liwiro limodzi lokha. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kake kamakhudza phindu. Kapangidwe koyipa kamawononga zinthu pamene chidacho chili chatsopano, ndipo chimangoipiraipira pamene chidacho chikutha, anawonjezera.
Kwa makampani omwe satsatira njira yophunzitsira ndi kukonza, kupanga njira yowongolera magwiridwe antchito a fakitale kumayamba ndi zoyambira.
“Mosasamala kanthu za kalembedwe ka fakitale ndi zinthu zomwe imapanga, mafakitale onse ali ndi zinthu ziwiri zofanana—ogwira ntchito ndi njira zogwirira ntchito,” adatero Abbey. Kuyendetsa fakitale nthawi zonse momwe mungathere ndi nkhani yopereka maphunziro ofanana ndi kutsatira njira zolembedwa, adatero. Kusasinthasintha pamaphunziro kungayambitse kusiyana kwa kukhazikitsa ndi kuthetsa mavuto.
Kuti chomera chipindule kwambiri, kuyambira woyendetsa kupita kwa woyendetsa, kusinthana kupita ku kusinthana, woyendetsa aliyense ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika komanso zothetsera mavuto. Kusiyana kulikonse kwa njira nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha kusamvetsetsana, zizolowezi zoyipa, njira zazifupi, ndi njira zothetsera mavuto. Izi nthawi zonse zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyendetsa bwino chomera. Mavutowa amatha kuyambitsidwa kunyumba kapena kuyambitsidwa pamene ogwiritsira ntchito ophunzitsidwa alembedwa ntchito kuchokera kwa opikisana nawo, koma gwero silipanga kusiyana. Kugwirizana ndikofunikira, kuphatikizapo ogwiritsira ntchito omwe ali ndi chidziwitso.
"Zimatenga zaka zambiri kuphunzitsa woyendetsa fakitole ya machubu, ndipo simungadalire dongosolo lokwanira zonse," adatero Strand. "Kampani iliyonse imafunika pulogalamu yophunzitsira yomwe ikugwirizana ndi fakitale yake komanso ntchito zake."
"Makiyi atatu ogwirira ntchito bwino ndi kukonza makina, kukonza zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kukonza zinthu," adatero Dan Ventura, purezidenti wa Ventura & Associates. "Makina ali ndi ziwalo zambiri zosuntha - kaya ndi mphero yokha kapena zolumikizira zomwe zili kumapeto kwa cholowera kapena chotulutsira, kapena tebulo loyimbira, kapena zomwe muli nazo - ndipo kukonza nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuti makinawo akhale bwino."
Strand akuvomereza. "Kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yowunikira kukonza ndi komwe kumayambira," adatero. "Zimapereka mwayi wabwino kwambiri woyendetsa fakitale mopindulitsa. Ngati wopanga mapaipi angoyankha pazidzidzidzi, ndiye kuti sadzalamulira. Zili pampando wa vuto lotsatira."
"Chida chilichonse chomwe chili pa mphero chiyenera kukhala chogwirizana," adatero Ventura. "Kupanda kutero, fakitaleyo idzadzimenya yokha."
"Nthawi zambiri, pamene mipukutu ipitirira nthawi yawo yogwiritsidwa ntchito, imagwira ntchito molimbika ndipo pamapeto pake imasweka," adatero Ventura.
“Ngati mipukutuyo siisungidwa bwino komanso ikukonzedwa nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti ikufunika kukonzedwa mwadzidzidzi,” akutero Ventura. Ngati zidazo zitanyalanyazidwa, kuzikonza kungafunike kuchotsa zinthu ziwiri kapena zitatu kuposa zomwe zikanafunika kuchotsa, iye anatero. Zimatenganso nthawi yayitali ndipo zimawononga ndalama zambiri.
Kuyika ndalama mu zida zosungiramo zinthu kungathandize kupewa zadzidzidzi, Strand adazindikira. Ngati chidachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, zida zochulukirapo zidzafunika kuposa chida chomwe sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa. Ntchito ya chida imakhudzanso mulingo wosungira. Zipsepse zimatha kutuluka pa chida cha chipepse ndipo mipukutu yolumikizira imatha kukhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa bokosi la weld, mavuto omwe sakhudza mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa mipukutu.
“Kukonza nthawi zonse ndi kwabwino pa zipangizo, ndipo kulinganiza bwino zinthu zomwe amapanga ndi kwabwino,” iye anatero. Ngati izi zinyalanyazidwa, ogwira ntchito ku fakitale amathera nthawi yambiri akuyesera kubwezeretsa. Nthawi ino ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zabwino komanso zogulitsidwa kwambiri. Zinthu ziwirizi ndizofunikira kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa kotero kuti, malinga ndi maganizo a Ventura, zimapereka mwayi wabwino kwambiri wopezera zambiri kuchokera ku fakitale, kukulitsa zokolola ndikuchepetsa zotsalira.
Ventura imayerekeza kukonza mphero ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kukonza galimoto. Palibe amene angayendetse galimoto mtunda wa makilomita masauzande ambiri pakati pa kusintha mafuta ndi matayala opanda kanthu. Izi zingayambitse mavuto okwera mtengo kapena kuwonongeka, ngakhale kwa mafakitale osasamalidwa bwino.
Iye anatero kuti kuyang'ana chida nthawi zonse mukatha kuchigwiritsa ntchito n'kofunikanso. Zida zowunikira zingavumbule mavuto monga ming'alu ya mizere yopyapyala. Kuwonongeka kotereku kumapezeka chidacho chikangochotsedwa pa mphero, m'malo mongochiyika chidacho kuti chigwiritsidwenso ntchito, zomwe zimapatsa nthawi yochuluka yopangira chida china.
“Makampani ena akugwira ntchito yotseka zinthu nthawi yomwe yakonzedwa,” anatero Green. Iye ankadziwa kuti zingakhale zovuta kutsatira lamulo lotseka zinthu panthawiyi, koma ananena kuti zinali zoopsa kwambiri. Makampani otumiza katundu ndi katundu ali odzaza kwambiri kapena opanda antchito okwanira, kapena zonse ziwiri, kotero kuti kutumiza katundu sikufika pa nthawi yake masiku ano.
“Ngati chinachake chasweka ku fakitale ndipo muyenera kuyitanitsa china, muchita chiyani kuti chifike?” anafunsa. Inde, kutumiza ndege nthawi zonse ndi njira yabwino, koma ikhoza kukweza mtengo wotumizira.
Kukonza mphero ndi roll si kungotsatira ndondomeko yokonza, koma kulumikiza ndondomeko yokonza ndi ndondomeko yopangira.
M'magawo onse atatu - ntchito, kuthetsa mavuto ndi kukonza, kukula ndi kuzama kwa chidziwitso n'kofunika. Warren Wheatman, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa T&H Lemont's Die Business Unit, adati makampani omwe ali ndi mphero imodzi kapena ziwiri zokha zopangira machubu awo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi anthu ochepa odzipereka kukonza mphero ndi machubu. Ngakhale kuti ogwira ntchito yokonza ndi odziwa zambiri, dipatimenti yaying'ono ili ndi chidziwitso chochepa poyerekeza ndi dipatimenti yayikulu yokonza, zomwe zimaika antchito ochepa pamavuto. Ngati kampaniyo ilibe dipatimenti ya uinjiniya, dipatimenti yokonza iyenera kudzisamalira yokha.
Strand adawonjezera kuti maphunziro a madipatimenti ogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza tsopano ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Kuchuluka kwa anthu opuma pantchito okhudzana ndi okalamba omwe amabadwa m'chaka chachiwiri kumatanthauza kuti chidziwitso cha mafuko chomwe kale chinali chosokoneza makampani chikutha. Ngakhale opanga machubu ambiri angadalirebe upangiri ndi upangiri wa ogulitsa zida, ngakhale ukatswiri uwu suli wochuluka monga kale ndipo ukuchepa.
Njira yowotcherera ndi yofunika kwambiri monga njira ina iliyonse yomwe imachitika popanga chitoliro kapena chitoliro, ndipo ntchito ya makina owotcherera siyenera kunyalanyazidwa.
Kuwotcherera kwa induction. "Masiku ano, pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a maoda athu ndi a retrofit," adatero Prasek. "Nthawi zambiri amalowa m'malo mwa mawotcherera akale komanso ovuta. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndiye chifukwa chachikulu pakali pano."
Iye anati ambiri anali kumbuyo kwa zolinga zisanu ndi zitatu chifukwa zipangizo zopangira zinafika mochedwa. "Nthawi zambiri zipangizo zikatuluka, wowotcherera amagwa," adatero. Opanga machubu ambiri odabwitsa amagwiritsa ntchito makina ozikidwa pa ukadaulo wa chubu chopanda mpweya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti akugwiritsa ntchito makina omwe ali ndi zaka zosachepera 30 kuti asamalire. Chidziwitso cha ntchito za makina otere si chachikulu, ndipo machubu olowa m'malo ndi ovuta kupeza.
Vuto lomwe opanga mapaipi omwe akugwiritsabe ntchito ndi momwe amakalamba. Salephera kwambiri, koma amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono. Yankho limodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kochepa ndikuyendetsa mphero pang'onopang'ono kuti mubwezeretse, zomwe zingapewe ndalama zomwe zimawononga pogula makina atsopano. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziganiza kuti chilichonse chili bwino.
Kuyika ndalama mu gwero latsopano lamagetsi olowetsedwa mu induction kungachepetse kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi pafakitaleyi, adatero Prasek. Mayiko ena—makamaka omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri komanso ma gridi opanikizika—amapereka kuchotsera kwakukulu kwa misonkho pogula zida zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Chifukwa chachiwiri choyika ndalama muzinthu zatsopano ndi kuthekera kwa mwayi watsopano wopanga, adatero.
"Nthawi zambiri, chipangizo chatsopano chowotcherera chimakhala chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuposa chipangizo chakale chowotcherera, ndipo chingapulumutse ndalama zambiri popereka mphamvu zambiri zowotcherera popanda kukweza ntchito yamagetsi," adatero Prasek.
Kugwirizana kwa coil yolowetsa ndi resistor ndikofunikiranso. Woyang'anira wamkulu wa EHE Consumables John Holderman adati coil yolowetsa yosankhidwa bwino komanso yoyikidwa bwino ili ndi malo abwino poyerekeza ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira ndipo imafuna malo oyenera komanso okhazikika kuzungulira chubu. Ngati itayikidwa molakwika, coil idzalephera msanga.
Ntchito ya chotchingira ndi yosavuta - imatseka kuyenda kwa magetsi, ndikuchitsogolera kumphepete mwa mzere - ndipo monga momwe zilili ndi china chilichonse pa mphero, malo ake ndi ofunikira, adatero. Malo oyenera ndi pamwamba pa chotchingira, koma sichoncho chokha chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa. Kuyika ndikofunikira. Ngati chalumikizidwa ku mandrel yomwe si yolimba mokwanira kuti chithandizire, malo a chotchingira angasinthe ndipo chidzakoka ID pansi pa chubu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zopangira zowotcherera, lingaliro la split coil lingakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa nthawi yogwira ntchito kwa mphero.
“Mafakitale akuluakulu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a ma coil ogawanika kwa nthawi yayitali,” anatero Haldeman. “Kusintha chidutswa chimodzi cha coil yolowetsa kumafuna kudula chitoliro, kusintha coil ndikuchiyikanso ulusi,” iye anatero. Kapangidwe ka ma coil ogawanika kamabwera m'magawo awiri, zomwe zimakupulumutsirani nthawi yanu yonse ndi khama lanu.
“Agwiritsidwa ntchito m’mafakitale akuluakulu ozungulira, koma zinatenga uinjiniya wapamwamba kuti agwiritse ntchito mfundo imeneyi pa ma coil ang’onoang’ono,” iye anatero. “Komanso ntchito yochepa kwa wopanga.” Ma coil ang’onoang’ono okhala ndi zidutswa ziwiri ali ndi zida zapadera komanso ma clamp opangidwa mwaluso,” iye anatero.
Ponena za njira yozizira ya blocker, opanga mapaipi ali ndi njira ziwiri zachikhalidwe: njira yoziziritsira pakati pa fakitale kapena njira yapadera yodziyikira madzi, yomwe ingakhale yokwera mtengo.
“Ndi bwino kuziziritsa resistor ndi choziziritsira choyera,” anatero Holderman. Pachifukwa ichi, ndalama zochepa mu makina apadera oyeretsera choke a choke coolant zitha kuwonjezera kwambiri moyo wa choke.
Choziziritsira cha mphero nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa choke, koma choziziritsira cha mphero chimasonkhanitsa zingwe zachitsulo. Ngakhale kuti amayesetsa kwambiri kugwira zingwe mu fyuluta yapakati kapena kuzigwira ndi makina apakati a maginito, anthu ena amadutsa ndikupeza njira yopita ku chopingacho. Apa si malo abwino opangira ufa wachitsulo.
"Amatenthedwa m'munda wolowetsa magetsi ndipo amawotcha okha mu resistor housing ndi ferrite, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulephera kuchitike msanga kenako nkuzimitsa kuti alowe m'malo mwa resistor," anatero Holderman. "Amamanganso pa induction coils ndipo pamapeto pake amawononganso chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kumeneko."