Mai i ngā mekameka taraiwa karetao ki ngā whitiki kawe i roto i ngā mahi mekameka tuku tae atu ki te nekehanga o ngā pourewa tāpoi hau, he mahi nui te pūoko tūnga i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tono. He maha ngā āhua, tae atu ki ngā pūoko raina, hurihuri, koki, tino, pikinga, whakapā me te kore-pā. Kua whakawhanakehia ngā pūoko motuhake ka taea te whakatau i te tūnga i roto i ngā taha e toru. Ko ngā hangarau pūoko tūnga ko te potentiometric, te inductive, te eddy current, te capacitive, te magnetostrictive, te Hall effect, te muka whatu, te whatu me te ultrasonic.
Ka whakaratohia e tēnei FAQ he kupu whakataki poto ki ngā momo momo pūoko tūnga, kātahi ka arotake i ngā hangarau maha ka taea e ngā kaihoahoa te whiriwhiri mai i te wā e whakatinana ana i tētahi otinga pūoko tūnga.
Ko ngā pūoko tūnga pūngao he taputapu ātete e whakakotahi ana i tētahi ara ātete pumau me tētahi parai e piri ana ki te mea me rongohia tōna tūnga. Mā te nekehanga o te mea ka nekehia te parai i te ara. Ka inehia te tūnga o te mea mā te whakamahi i tētahi whatunga wehewehe ngaohiko i hangaia e ngā rēri me ngā parai hei ine i te nekehanga rārangi, hurihuri rānei me te ngaohiko DC pumau (Pikitia 1). He iti te utu o ngā pūoko pūngao, engari he iti te tika me te auautanga i te nuinga o te wā.
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūoko tūranga ā-whakaoho ngā huringa o ngā āhuatanga o te papa aukume i whakaohokia i roto i te koiri pūoko. I runga i tō rātou hoahoa, ka taea e rātou te ine i ngā tūranga rārangi, i ngā tūranga hurihuri rānei. Ka whakamahia e ngā pūoko tūranga Whakawhiti Rerekētanga Taurangi (LVDT) e toru ngā koiri e takai ana i tētahi ngongo tuwhera; he koiri tuatahi me ngā koiri tuarua e rua. Ka honoa ngā koiri i roto i te raupapa, ā, ko te whanaungatanga ā-wāhanga o te koiri tuarua he 180° i waho o te ā-wāhanga e pā ana ki te koiri tuatahi. Ka whakanohoia he matua ferromagnetic e kiia nei ko te armature ki roto i te ngongo, ka honoa ki te mea i te wāhi e inehia ana. Ka tukuna he ngaohiko whakaoho ki te koiri tuatahi, ā, ka whakaohokia he kaha hikohiko (EMF) ki roto i te koiri tuarua. Mā te ine i te rerekētanga ngaohiko i waenga i ngā koiri tuarua, ka taea te whakatau i te tūranga whanaunga o te armature me te mea e piri ana. Ka whakamahia e te whakawhiti rerekētanga ngaohiko hurihuri (RVDT) te tikanga kotahi hei aroturuki i te tūranga hurihuri. Ka tukuna e ngā pūoko LVDT me RVDT te tika pai, te rārangi, te taumira me te aro nui. Kāore e waku, ā, ka taea te hiri mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao uaua.
Ka mahi ngā pūoko tūranga au hurihuri me ngā mea kawe hiko. Ko ngā au hurihuri he au whakaoho e puta ana i roto i ngā rauemi kawe hiko i te aroaro o tētahi papa aukume e huri haere ana. Ka rere ēnei au i roto i tētahi porowhita kati ka whakaputa i tētahi papa aukume tuarua. Ko ngā pūoko ia hurihuri he koiri me ngā ara iahiko whakarārangi. Ka whakakaha te ia hurihuri i te koiri hei hanga i te papa aukume tuatahi. Ina whakatata atu, ina neke atu rānei tētahi mea i te koiri, ka taea te rongo i tōna tūranga mā te whakamahi i te taunekeneke o te papa tuarua i hangaia e ngā iahiko hurihuri, e pā ana ki te aukati o te koiri. I te whakatata atu o te mea ki te koiri, ka piki ake ngā ngaronga iahiko hurihuri, ā, ka iti ake te ngaohiko hurihuri (Pikitia 2). Ka whakatikatikaina te ngaohiko hurihuri, ā, ka tukatukahia e tētahi ara iahiko whakarārangi hei whakaputa i tētahi putanga DC rārangi e rite ana ki te tawhiti o te mea.
He taputapu pakari, kore-pa ngā taputapu iahiko eddy, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei pūoko tata. He maha ngā ahunga, ā, ka taea te whakatau i te tawhiti whanaunga ki te mea, engari kāore i te ahunga, te tawhiti tino rānei ki te mea.
E ai ki te ingoa, ka ine ngā pūoko tūnga capacitive i ngā huringa o te capacitance hei whakatau i te tūnga o te mea e rongohia ana. Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei pūoko kore-pa ki te ine i te tūnga raina, hurihuri rānei. E rua ngā pereti e wehea ana e te rauemi dielectric, ā, e whakamahi ana i tētahi o ngā tikanga e rua hei kite i te tūnga o tētahi mea:
Hei whakaputa i tētahi huringa ki te pūmau ārai-hiko, ka tāpirihia te mea e kitea ana tōna tūranga ki te rauemi ārai-hiko. I te nekehanga o te rauemi ārai-hiko, ka rerekē te pūmau ārai-hiko whai hua o te pūnga nā te whakakotahitanga o te horahanga o te rauemi ārai-hiko me te pūmau ārai-hiko o te hau. Tērā atu rānei, ka taea te hono i te mea ki tētahi o ngā pereti pūnga. I te nekehanga o te mea, ka neke tata atu, ka neke tawhiti atu rānei ngā pereti, ā, ka whakamahia te huringa o te kaha-hiko hei whakatau i te tūranga whanaunga.
Ka taea e ngā pūoko kaha te ine i te nekehanga, te tawhiti, te tūranga me te matotoru o ngā mea. Nā te pumau me te taumira teitei o te tohu, ka whakamahia ngā pūoko nekehanga kaha i roto i ngā taiao taiwhanga me ngā taiao ahumahi. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia ngā pūoko kaha hei ine i te matotoru o te kiriata me ngā tono piri i roto i ngā tukanga aunoa. I roto i ngā mīhini ahumahi, ka whakamahia hei aroturuki i te nekehanga me te tūranga taputapu.
Ko te aukumetanga he āhuatanga o ngā rauemi ferromagnetic e meinga ai te rauemi kia huri i tōna rahi, i tōna āhua rānei ina whakamahia he papa aukumetanga. I roto i te pūoko tūnga aukumetanga, ka piri he aukume tūnga neke ki te mea e inehia ana. Kei roto ko tētahi arataki ngaru he waea e kawe ana i ngā pāoro iahiko, e hono ana ki tētahi pūoko kei te pito o te arataki ngaru (Pikitia 3). Ina tukuna he pāoro iahiko ki raro i te arataki ngaru, ka hangaia he papa aukume i roto i te waea e taunekeneke ana ki te papa aukume tuaka o te aukume tuturu (te aukume i roto i te piston rango, Pikitia 3a). Ka puta te taunekeneke papa mā te takahuri (te pānga Wiedemann), e whakamārō ana i te waea, ka puta he pāoro oro e horapa ana i te arataki ngaru, ā, ka kitea e tētahi pūoko i te pito o te arataki ngaru (Pikitia 3b). Mā te ine i te wā i pahemo i waenga i te tīmatanga o te pāoro iahiko me te kitenga o te pāoro oro, ka taea te ine i te tūranga whanaunga o te aukume tūnga, nō reira, te mea (Pikitia 3c).
Ko ngā pūoko tūnga aukume he pūoko kore-pa e whakamahia ana hei kite i te tūnga rārangi. He maha ngā wā ka whakanohoia ngā arataki ngaru ki roto i ngā ngongo kowiri tira, konumohe rānei, kia taea ai te whakamahi i ēnei pūoko i roto i ngā taiao paru, mākū rānei.
Ina whakanohoia he arataki angiangi, papatahi ki roto i te papa aukume, ka piki ake te ia e rere ana i tetahi taha o te arataki, ka hangaia he rerekētanga pūmanawa e kiia nei ko te ngaohiko Hall. Mena he pumau te ia i roto i te arataki, ka whakaata te rahi o te ngaohiko Hall i te kaha o te papa aukume. I roto i te pūoko tūnga Hall-effects, ka honoa te mea ki te aukume kei roto i te rakau pūoko. I te nekehanga o te mea, ka huri te tūnga o te aukume e pā ana ki te huānga Hall, ka hua ake he ngaohiko Hall e huri ana. Mā te ine i te ngaohiko Hall, ka taea te whakatau i te tūnga o te mea. He pūoko tūnga Hall-effects motuhake ka taea te whakatau i te tūnga i roto i ngā āhuatanga e toru (Pikitia 4). Ko ngā pūoko tūnga Hall-effects he taputapu kore-pa e whakarato ana i te pono teitei me te tere o te kite, ā, e mahi ana i runga i te whānuitanga o te pāmahana. E whakamahia ana i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tono kaihoko, ahumahi, motuka me te hauora.
E rua ngā momo pūoko muka whatu matua. I roto i ngā pūoko muka whatu ā-roto, ka whakamahia te muka hei wāhanga pūoko. I roto i ngā pūoko muka whatu o waho, ka honoa ngā muka whatu me tētahi atu hangarau pūoko hei tuku i te tohu ki ngā hiko mamao hei tukatuka. Mō ngā inenga tūranga muka ā-roto, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu pēnei i te ine whakaata rohe wā whatu hei whakatau i te whakaroa wā. Ka taea te tatau i te nekehanga roanga ngaru mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu e whakamahi ana i te ine whakaata rohe auau whatu. He ātete ngā pūoko muka whatu ki te pokanoa hikohiko, ka taea te hanga kia mahi i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, kāore e kawe hiko, nō reira ka taea te whakamahi tata ki ngā rauemi pēhanga teitei, ngā rauemi mura rānei.
Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i tētahi atu pūoko muka-whatu e hangai ana ki te hangarau whatu muka Bragg (FBG) mō te ine i te tūranga. Ka mahi te FBG hei tātari kōhao, e whakaata ana i tētahi wāhanga iti o te mārama e pokapū ana ki te roangaru Bragg (λB) ina whakamāramahia e te mārama whānui. He mea hanga ki ngā hanganga moroiti kua whakairohia ki roto i te matua muka. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā FBG hei ine i ngā tawhā rerekē pēnei i te pāmahana, te taumahatanga, te pēhanga, te honga, te nekehanga, te whakatere me te kawenga.
E rua ngā momo pūoko tūnga whatu, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā encoder whatu. I tētahi wā, ka tukuna te mārama ki tētahi kaiwhiwhi i tērā pito o te pūoko. I te momo tuarua, ka whakaatahia te tohu mārama e tukuna ana e te mea e aroturukitia ana, ā, ka whakahokia ki te pūtake mārama. I runga i te hoahoa o te pūoko, ka whakamahia ngā huringa o ngā āhuatanga mārama, pērā i te roanga ngaru, te kaha, te āhua, te porowhita rānei, hei whakatau i te tūnga o tētahi mea. Kei te wātea ngā pūoko tūnga whatu e hangai ana ki te encoder mō te nekehanga rārangi me te hurihuri. E toru ngā wāhanga matua o ēnei pūoko; ngā encoder whatu whakawhiti, ngā encoder whatu whakaata, me ngā encoder whatu interferometric.
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūoko tūnga ultrasonic ngā whakawhiti tioata piezoelectric hei tuku i ngā ngaru ultrasonic auau-teitei. Ka ine te pūoko i te oro whakaata. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūoko ultrasonic hei pūoko tata ngāwari, ka taea rānei e ngā hoahoa uaua ake te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio whānui. Ka mahi ngā pūoko tūnga ultrasonic me ngā mea ūnga o ngā momo rauemi me ngā āhuatanga mata, ā, ka taea te kite i ngā mea iti i ngā tawhiti tawhiti atu i te maha atu o ngā momo pūoko tūnga. He ātete ki te wiri, te haruru taiao, te hihi infrared me te pokanoa hikohiko. Ko ngā tauira o ngā tono e whakamahi ana i ngā pūoko tūnga ultrasonic ko te kite taumata wai, te tatau tere-teitei o ngā mea, ngā pūnaha whakatere karetao, me te kite motuka. Ko te pūoko ultrasonic motuka noa he whare kirihou, he whakawhiti piezoelectric me te kiriuhi tāpiri, me te papa porowhita tā me ngā porowhita hiko me ngā pūmana iti hei tuku, hei whiwhi, hei tukatuka tohu (Pikitia 5).
Ka taea e ngā pūoko tūnga te ine i te nekehanga raina, hurihuri me te koki tino, whanaunga rānei o ngā mea. Ka taea e ngā pūoko tūnga te ine i te nekehanga o ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā actuators, i ngā motuka rānei. Ka whakamahia hoki ēnei i roto i ngā tūāpapa pūkoro pēnei i ngā karetao me ngā motuka. He maha ngā hangarau e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūoko tūnga me ngā huinga rerekē o te roa o te taiao, te utu, te tika, te auau, me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
Ngā Pūoko Tūnga Aukume 3D, Allegro MicrosystemsTe Tātari me te Whakapai ake i te Haumarutanga o ngā Pūoko Ultrasonic mō ngā Waka Aunoa, IEEE Internet of Things Journal Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi pūoko tūnga, Cambridge Integrated CircuitsNgā momo pūoko tūnga, Ixthus InstrumentationHe aha te pūoko tūnga inductive?, Keyence He aha te Magnetostrictive Position Sensing?, AMETEK
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