Mai nā kaulahao hoʻokele robotic a i nā kāʻei conveyor i nā hana kaulahao lako a hiki i ka neʻe ʻana o nā hale kiaʻi turbine makani, he hana koʻikoʻi ka ʻike kūlana ma nā ʻano noi like ʻole. Hiki iā ia ke lawe i nā ʻano he nui, me nā sensor linear, rotary, angular, absolute, incremental, contact a me nā non-contact. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā sensor kūikawā e hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke kūlana ma ʻekolu mau ana. ʻO nā ʻenehana ʻike kūlana e pili ana i ka potentiometric, inductive, eddy current, capacitive, magnetostrictive, Hall effect, fiber optic, optical a me ultrasonic.
Hāʻawi kēia FAQ i kahi hoʻolauna pōkole i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kūlana, a laila loiloi i nā ʻano ʻenehana like ʻole e hiki i nā mea hoʻolālā ke koho mai ka wā e hoʻokō ai i kahi hopena ʻike kūlana.
ʻO nā mea ʻike kūlana potentiometric he mau mea hana e pili ana i ke kū'ē e hoʻohui i kahi ala resistive paʻa me kahi wiper i hoʻopili ʻia i ka mea nona ke kūlana e pono ai ke ʻike ʻia. Hoʻoneʻe ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea i ka wiper ma ke ala. Ana ʻia ke kūlana o ka mea ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pūnaewele hoʻokaʻawale voltage i hana ʻia e nā alahao a me nā wipers e ana i ka neʻe linear a rotational paha me kahi voltage DC paʻa (Kiʻi 1). He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o nā mea ʻike potentiometric, akā ma ka laulā he haʻahaʻa ka pololei a me ka hana hou ʻana.
Hoʻohana nā mea ʻike kūlana inductive i nā loli i nā waiwai o ke kahua magnetic i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke coil sensor. Ma muli o kā lākou hoʻolālā, hiki iā lākou ke ana i nā kūlana linear a rotational paha. Hoʻohana nā mea ʻike kūlana Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) i ʻekolu mau coil i kāʻei ʻia a puni kahi paipu hakahaka; he coil mua a me ʻelua mau coil lua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā coil ma ke ʻano moʻo, a ʻo ka pilina pae o ke coil lua he 180 ° ma waho o ka pae e pili ana i ke coil mua. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kumu ferromagnetic i kapa ʻia ʻo armature i loko o ka paipu a hoʻopili ʻia i ka mea ma kahi e ana ʻia ana. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi voltage excitation i ke coil mua a hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ikaika electromagnetic (EMF) i loko o ke coil lua. Ma ke ana ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa voltage ma waena o nā coil lua, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ke kūlana pili o ka armature a me nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia. Hoʻohana ka mea hoʻololi voltage rotating (RVDT) i ke ʻano hana like e hahai i ke kūlana rotating. Hāʻawi nā mea ʻike LVDT a me RVDT i ka pololei maikaʻi, linearity, hoʻonā a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻohe friction a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻino.
Hana nā mea ʻike kūlana o ke au Eddy me nā mea alakaʻi. ʻO nā au Eddy nā au i hoʻokomo ʻia e kū mai ana i loko o nā mea alakaʻi i ke alo o kahi kahua magnetic e loli ana. Ke kahe nei kēia mau au i loko o kahi loop pani a hana i kahi kahua magnetic lua. ʻO nā mea ʻike o ke au Eddy he mau coils a me nā kaapuni linearization. Hoʻoikaika ke au alternating i ke coil e hana i ke kahua magnetic mua. Ke hoʻokokoke aku kahi mea a neʻe aku paha mai ke coil, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kona kūlana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pilina o ke kahua lua i hana ʻia e nā au eddy, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka impedance o ke coil. Ke hoʻokokoke aku nei ka mea i ke coil, piʻi aʻe nā pohō o ke au eddy a lilo ka voltage oscillating i liʻiliʻi (Kiʻi 2). Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka voltage oscillating a hana ʻia e kahi kaapuni linearizer e hana i kahi output DC linear e like me ka mamao o ka mea.
He mau mea paʻa a pili ʻole nā ​​mea hana o kēia au Eddy i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me nā mea ʻike kokoke. He omnidirectional lākou a hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka mamao pili i ka mea, akā ʻaʻole ke kuhikuhi a i ʻole ka mamao loa i ka mea.
E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ana nā mea ʻike kūlana capacitive i nā loli o ka capacitance e hoʻoholo ai i ke kūlana o ka mea e ʻike ʻia ana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea ʻike pili ʻole e ana i ke kūlana linear a rotational paha. Loaʻa iā lākou ʻelua mau papa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi mea dielectric a hoʻohana i kekahi o nā ʻano ʻelua e ʻike ai i ke kūlana o kahi mea:
I mea e hoʻololi ai i ke kūpaʻa dielectric, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka mea nona ke kūlana e ʻike ʻia i ka mea dielectric. Ke neʻe nei ka mea dielectric, loli ke kūpaʻa dielectric maikaʻi o ka capacitor ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻāpana o ka mea dielectric a me ke kūpaʻa dielectric o ka ea. Ma ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka mea i kekahi o nā papa capacitor. Ke neʻe nei ka mea, neʻe kokoke a mamao aku paha nā papa, a hoʻohana ʻia ka loli o ka capacitance e hoʻoholo ai i ke kūlana pili.
Hiki i nā sensor capacitive ke ana i ka neʻe ʻana, ka mamao, ke kūlana a me ka mānoanoa o nā mea. Ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonā, hoʻohana ʻia nā sensor neʻe capacitive i nā wahi hoʻokolohua a me nā ʻoihana. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā sensor capacitive e ana i ka mānoanoa o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā noi hoʻopili i nā kaʻina hana automated. I nā mīkini ʻoihana, hoʻohana ʻia lākou e nānā i ka neʻe ʻana a me ke kūlana o ka mea hana.
ʻO ka Magnetostriction kahi waiwai o nā mea ferromagnetic e hoʻololi ai i ka nui a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka mea ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi kahua magnetic. I loko o kahi sensor kūlana magnetostrictive, ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi magnet kūlana hoʻoneʻe i ka mea e ana ʻia ana. Loaʻa iā ia kahi waveguide i haku ʻia me nā uwea e lawe ana i nā pulse o kēia manawa, i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi sensor i loaʻa ma ka hopena o ka waveguide (Kiʻi 3). Ke hoʻouna ʻia kahi pulse o kēia manawa i lalo o ka waveguide, hana ʻia kahi kahua magnetic i loko o ke uea e launa pū me ke kahua magnetic axial o ka magnet mau loa (ka magnet i loko o ka piston cylinder, Kiʻi 3a). Hoʻokumu ʻia ka launa pū ʻana o ke kahua e ka wili ʻana (ka hopena Wiedemann), kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai i ke uea, e hana ana i kahi pulse acoustic e hoʻolaha ana ma ke alakaʻi wave a ʻike ʻia e kahi sensor ma ka hopena o ka waveguide (Kiʻi 3b). Ma ke ana ʻana i ka manawa i hala ma waena o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pulse o kēia manawa a me ka ʻike ʻana o ka pulse acoustic, hiki ke ana ʻia ke kūlana pili o ka magnet kūlana a no laila ke mea (Kiʻi 3c).
ʻO nā mea ʻike kūlana magnetostrictive he mau mea ʻike pili ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i ke kūlana linear. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā waveguides i loko o nā paipu kila kila a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​paipu alumini, e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea ʻike i nā wahi lepo a pulu paha.
Ke kau ʻia kahi alakaʻi lahilahi a pālahalaha i loko o kahi kahua magnetic, ke kūkulu nei kekahi au e kahe ana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke alakaʻi, e hana ana i kahi ʻokoʻa hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ka voltage Hall. Inā paʻa ke au i loko o ke alakaʻi, e hōʻike ana ka nui o ka voltage Hall i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic. I loko o kahi sensor kūlana Hall-effect, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka mea i kahi magnet i loko o ke koʻokoʻo sensor. Ke neʻe nei ka mea, loli ke kūlana o ka magnet e pili ana i ka element Hall, e hopena ana i ka loli ʻana o ka voltage Hall. Ma ke ana ʻana i ka voltage Hall, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ke kūlana o kahi mea. Aia nā sensor kūlana Hall-effect kūikawā e hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke kūlana ma ʻekolu mau ana (Kiʻi 4). ʻO nā sensor kūlana Hall-effect he mau mea hoʻopili ʻole e hāʻawi ana i ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻike wikiwiki, a hana ma luna o kahi ākea ākea. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā ʻano mea kūʻai aku, ʻoihana, kaʻa a me nā noi lapaʻau.
ʻElua ʻano kumu o nā sensor fiber optic. I loko o nā sensor fiber optic intrinsic, hoʻohana ʻia ka fiber ma ke ʻano he element sensing. I loko o nā sensor fiber optic waho, ua hui pū ʻia nā fiber optics me kahi ʻenehana sensor ʻē aʻe e hoʻoili i ka hōʻailona i nā mea uila mamao no ka hana ʻana. I ke ʻano o nā ana kūlana fiber intrinsic, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea e like me ka optical time domain reflectometer e hoʻoholo ai i ka lohi o ka manawa. Hiki ke helu ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka wavelength me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hana e hoʻokō ana i kahi optical frequency domain reflectometer. ʻAʻole pale nā ​​​​sensor fiber optic i ka hoʻopilikia electromagnetic, hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻole conductive, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kokoke i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea lapalapa.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi ʻike fiber-optic e pili ana i ka ʻenehana fiber Bragg grating (FBG) no ke ana ʻana i ke kūlana. Hana ka FBG ma ke ʻano he kānana notch, e hōʻike ana i kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ke kukui i kau ʻia ma ka nalu Bragg (λB) ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ke kukui ākea. Hana ʻia me nā microstructures i kālai ʻia i loko o ka fiber core. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā FBG e ana i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka mahana, ke kaumaha, ke kaomi, ke kūlou, ka neʻe ʻana, ka wikiwiki a me ka ukana.
ʻElua ʻano o nā sensor kūlana optical, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he mau encoders optical. I kekahi hihia, hoʻouna ʻia ke kukui i kahi mea loaʻa ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka sensor. I ke ʻano ʻelua, hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻailona kukui i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka mea i nānā ʻia a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ke kumu kukui. Ma muli o ka hoʻolālā sensor, hoʻohana ʻia nā loli i nā waiwai kukui, e like me ka wavelength, ka ikaika, ka pae a i ʻole ka polarization, e hoʻoholo i ke kūlana o kahi mea. Loaʻa nā sensor kūlana optical encoder no ka neʻe linear a me ka rotary. Hāʻule kēia mau sensor i ʻekolu mau māhele nui; nā encoders optical transmissive, nā encoders optical reflective, a me nā encoders optical interferometric.
Hoʻohana nā mea ʻike kūlana Ultrasonic i nā transducers kristal piezoelectric e hoʻokuʻu i nā nalu ultrasonic alapine kiʻekiʻe. Ana ke sensor i ke kani i hōʻike ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻike ultrasonic ma ke ʻano he mau mea ʻike kokoke maʻalahi, a i ʻole nā ​​​​hoʻolālā paʻakikī e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike ākea. Hana nā mea ʻike kūlana Ultrasonic me nā mea i manaʻo ʻia o nā ʻano mea like ʻole a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻili, a hiki ke ʻike i nā mea liʻiliʻi ma nā mamao mamao aku ma mua o nā ʻano mea ʻike kūlana ʻē aʻe. Kūʻē lākou i ka haʻalulu, ka walaʻau ambient, ka radiation infrared a me ka hoʻopilikia electromagnetic. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā noi e hoʻohana ana i nā mea ʻike kūlana ultrasonic e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pae wai, ka helu wikiwiki o nā mea, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele robotic, a me ka ʻike kaʻa. ʻO kahi mea ʻike ultrasonic automotive maʻamau he hale plastik, kahi transducer piezoelectric me kahi membrane hou, a me kahi papa kaapuni paʻi me nā kaapuni uila a me nā microcontrollers no ka hoʻouna ʻana, ka loaʻa ʻana, a me ka hana ʻana i nā hōʻailona (Kiʻi 5).
Hiki i nā mea ʻike kūlana ke ana i ka neʻe linear, rotational a me ke angular o nā mea. Hiki i nā mea ʻike kūlana ke ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea e like me nā actuators a i ʻole nā ​​​​motika. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā kahua kelepona e like me nā robots a me nā kaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻenehana like ʻole i nā mea ʻike kūlana me nā hui like ʻole o ke kūpaʻa o ke kaiapuni, ke kumukūʻai, ka pololei, ka hana hou ʻana, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Nā Sensor Kūlana Magnetic 3D, Allegro MicrosystemsKe kālailai nei a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palekana o nā Sensor Ultrasonic no nā kaʻa Autonomous, IEEE Internet of Things Journal Pehea e koho ai i kahi sensor kūlana, Cambridge Integrated CircuitsNā ʻano sensor kūlana, Ixthus InstrumentationHe aha kahi sensor kūlana inductive?, Keyence He aha ka Magnetostrictive Position Sensing?, AMETEK
E nānā i nā puke hou loa o Design World a me nā puke hope i kahi ʻano maʻalahi e hoʻohana a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi. E hoʻoponopono, kaʻana like a hoʻoiho i kēia lā me ka makasina ʻenekinia hoʻolālā alakaʻi.
ʻO ka ʻaha kūkā EE hoʻoponopono pilikia maikaʻi loa o ka honua e uhi ana i nā microcontrollers, DSP, pūnaewele, hoʻolālā analog a me digital, RF, nā uila mana, ke ala ʻana PCB, a me nā mea hou aku.
Kuleana kope © 2022 WTWH Media LLC. Ua mālama ʻia nā kuleana āpau. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana hou ʻia, hoʻolaha ʻia, hoʻouna ʻia, mālama ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia paha nā mea ma kēia pūnaewele me ka ʻole o ka ʻae mua ʻia e WTWH Media. Kulekele pilikino | Hoʻolaha | E pili ana iā mākou.