Mainjiniya anoitisa "kugamuchirwa" kweJames Webb Space Telescope's mid-infrared chiridzwa paNASA Goddard Space Flight Center mushure mekubva kuUK.
JPL nyanzvi dzendege Johnny Melendez (kurudyi) naJoe Mora vanoongorora MIRI cryocooler vasati vatumira kuNorthrop Grumman muRedondo Beach, California.Iko, iyo inotonhorera inonamirwa kumutumbi weWebb telescope.
Ichi chikamu cheMIRI chiridzwa, chinoonekwa paAppleton Laboratory muRutherford, UK, chine infrared detectors.Cryocooler iri kure ne detector nokuti inoshanda pakupisa kwepamusoro.Ichubhu inotakura helium inotonhora inobatanidza zvikamu zviviri.
MIRI (kuruboshwe) anogara pabango rekuNorthrop Grumman kuRedondo Beach apo mainjiniya ari kugadzirira kushandisa crane iri pamusoro kuti aisungirire kune Integrated Scientific Instrument Module (ISIM).ISIM ndiyo musimboti weWebb, zviridzwa zvina zvesainzi zvinoisa teresikopu.
Pamberi peMIRI chiridzwa - chimwe chezviridzwa zvina zvesainzi pane inocherechedzwa - chinokwanisa kushanda, chinofanirwa kutonhodzwa kusvika kunenge kuchitonhora zvakanyanya icho chinhu chinogona kusvika.
James Webb Space Telescope yeNASA, yakarongwa kutanga musi wa24 Zvita, ndiyo nzvimbo hurusa yokuona muchadenga munhau, uye ine basa rinotyisa zvakaenzana: kuunganidza chiedza che infrared kubva kumativi ari kure kwazvo echisiko chapose pose, zvichiita kuti masayendisiti aongorore maumbirwo nemabviro echisiko chapose pose .Chadenga chedu nenzvimbo yedu machiri.
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvemucosmic - zvinosanganisira nyeredzi nemapuraneti, uye gasi neguruva izvo zvavanogadzira - zvinoburitsa infrared light, dzimwe nguva inonzi thermal radiation.Asi ndizvo zvakaita zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinodziya, senge toasters, vanhu, uye zvemagetsi.Izvi zvinoreva kuti maWebb's mana infrared instruments anogona kuona iwo ega infrared light.Kuti kuderedze kuburitswa uku, chiridzwa chacho chinofanira kunge chiri kutonhora 8 minus 40-madhigirii 8-5555-8 Kenus. Fahrenheit (minus 233 degrees Celsius). Asi kuti ishande zvakanaka, madhigirii ari mukati mechiridzwa chepakati pe infrared, kana kuti MIRI, anofanira kutonhora: pasi pe7 Kelvin (minus 448 degrees Fahrenheit, kana minus 266 degrees Celsius).
Aya angori madhigirii mashoma pamusoro paziro yakakwana (0 Kelvin) - tembiricha inotonhora zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, kunyangwe isingasvikiki panyama nekuti inomiririra kusavapo kwekupisa kupi zvako.
Kupisa kunonyanya kuenzanisa kuti maatomu ari kukurumidza sei kufamba, uye kunze kwekuona chiedza chavo che infrared, maWebb detectors anogona kukonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwavo kwemhepo. masaini Webb ari kuyedza kuona.
Mushure mekutanga, Webb ichashandisa tenisi-yakareba-yakareba visor inodzivirira MIRI nezvimwe zviridzwa kubva pakupisa kwezuva, zvichivabvumira kuti vatonhorere zvishoma.Kutanga anenge mazuva 77 mushure mekutanga, MIRI's cryocooler inotora mazuva 19 kuderedza kutonhora kwezviridzwa zvechiridzwa kusvika pasi pe7 Kelvin.
"Zviri nyore kutonhodza zvinhu kusvika kune tembiricha yePasi, kazhinji kune zvesainzi kana zveindasitiri," akadaro Konstantin Penanen, nyanzvi ye cryocooler paNASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory muSouthern California. , iyo inotarisira chiridzwa cheMIRI cheNASA.” Asi aya maEarth-based masisitimu ane zvakawanda uye haana simba rakawanda. Panzvimbo yekutarisa muchadenga, tinoda inotonhorera ine muviri compact, simba rinoshanda, uye inofanirwa kuve yakavimbika zvakanyanya nekuti isu hatigone kubuda kunoigadzirisa. Saka aya ndiwo matambudziko atinotarisana nawo.
Chimwe chezvinangwa zveSainzi zveWebb ndechekudzidza zvimiro zvenyeredzi dzekutanga dzakaumbwa muchadenga.Webb's near-infrared camera kana NIRCam instrument ichakwanisa kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvikuru izvi, uye MIRI ichabatsira masayendisiti kusimbisa kuti aya matsime asina simba echiedza masumbu enyeredzi dzechizvarwa chekutanga, kwete nyeredzi dzechizvarwa chechipiri dzakazoumba gare gare mugwara renzou.
Nekutarisa makore eguruva akakora kudarika ari pedyo-infrared zviridzwa, MIRI icharatidza nzvimbo dzekuzvarwa kwenyeredzi.Ichaongorora zvakare mamorekuru anowanzo kuwanikwa paPasi - semvura, carbon dioxide uye methane, pamwe nemamorekuru ematombo ane matombo akaita sesilicates - munzvimbo dzinotonhorera dzakatenderedza nyeredzi dziri pedyo, uko mapuraneti anogona kuumbwa.Near-infrared environments zviri nani pane ma electrons vaporesi nepo MIRI inogona kuvaona sechando.
"Nekubatanidza hunyanzvi hweUS neEuropean, takagadzira MIRI sesimba reWebb, izvo zvichagonesa vazivi venyeredzi kubva pasirese kuti vapindure mibvunzo mikuru pamusoro pekuti nyeredzi, mapuraneti nemagalaxi anoumba sei uye anoshanduka sei," akadaro Gillian Wright, Co-mutungamiri wechikwata chesainzi cheMIRI uye European Principal Investigator yechiridzwa kuUK Astronomical Technology Center (UK Astronomical Technology Center).
Iyo MIRI cryocooler inoshandisa helium gasi-inokwana kuzadza mabharuni anenge mapfumbamwe-kutakura kupisa kure nemidziyo yemudziyo.Mapiritsi maviri emagetsi anopomba helium kuburikidza nechubhu inoenda kune iyo detector.Ichubhu inofamba nebhokisi resimbi rinosungirirwawo kune detector; iyo helium yakanyoroveswa inotora kupisa kwakanyanya kubva muvharo, kuchengetedza kupisa kwekushanda kwe detector pasi pe 7 Kelvin. Iyo inopisa (asi ichiri kutonhora) gasi inobva yadzokera kune compressor, iyo inodzinga kupisa kwakanyanya, uye kutenderera kunotanga zvakare.Chaizvoizvo, chirongwa chacho chakafanana neicho chinoshandiswa mumafiriji edzimba uye air conditioners.
Mapombi anotakura helium akagadzirwa negoridhe-yakanatswa simbi isina tsvina uye ari pasi pechikamu chimwe chete kubva mugumi cheinji (2.5 mm) muhupamhi. Inotambanuka ingangoita 30 metres (10 metres) kubva pacompressor iri munzvimbo yebhazi remuchadenga kuenda paMIRI detector mu optical telescope element iri kuseri kweobservatory's honeycomb kunonzi kubatanidza girazi rehuchi reDHardwawer rinodaidzwa kuti DHardwawer assembly, primary deploycomb. nzvimbo mbiri.Kana yarongedzerwa kuti itange, DTA inodzvanywa, zvishoma sepiston, kubatsira kuisa stowed observatory mukudzivirira pamusoro pe roketi.Kana yave muchadenga, shongwe yacho ichawedzera kuparadzanisa kamuri-tembiricha spacecraft bhazi kubva inotonhorera optical teresikopu zviridzwa uye kubvumira sunshade uye teresikopu kushanda zvizere.
Iyi mifananidzo inoratidza kuurayiwa kwakakodzera kweJames Webb Space Telescope yekuendesa maawa nemazuva mushure mekutangwa.Kuwedzera kwepakati pekugadzirisa shongwe musangano kuchawedzera chinhambwe pakati pezvikamu zviviri zveMIRI.Dzinobatanidzwa nehelical tubes ine helium yakatonhora.
Asi iyo elongation process inoda kuti helium chubhu iwedzere pamwe neakurisa tower assembly.Saka chubhu inokoira sechitubu, ndosaka MIRI mainjiniya vakatumidza chikamu ichi chechubhu "Slinky".
"Kune zvimwe zvinonetsa mukushanda pachirongwa chinotenderera nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekutarisa," akadaro Analyn Schneider, JPL MIRI maneja wechirongwa. "Idzi matunhu akasiyana anotungamirwa nemasangano akasiyana kana nzvimbo, kusanganisira Northrop Grumman uye US NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, isu tinofanirwa kutaura nemunhu wese. Hapana imwe Hardware pateresikopu inoda kuita izvozvo, saka idambudziko rakasiyana neMIRI. Chokwadi yanga iri mutsara wakareba weMIRI cryocoolers mugwagwa, uye isu takagadzirira kuiona munzvimbo."
James Webb Space Telescope ichatanga muna 2021 senzvimbo huru pasi rose inoongorora nezvesainzi.Webb ichaburitsa zvakavanzika zvesolar system yedu, kutarisa kunyika dziri kure dzakatenderedza dzimwe nyeredzi, uye kuongorora maumbirwo nemabviro asinganzwisisike epasi redu nenzvimbo yedu.Webb idanho repasi rose rinotungamirwa neNASA nevamwe vayo Spacedian Agency neCaEuropean Agency.
MIRI yakagadzirwa kuburikidza nekubatana kwe50-50 pakati peNASA neESA (European Space Agency).JPL inotungamira kuedza kweUS yeMIRI, uye mubatanidzwa wenyika dzakawanda weEuropean astronomical institutes inobatsira kuESA.George Rieke weUniversity of Arizona ndiye mutungamiri weMIRI's US science team.Gillian Wright ndiye mukuru weMIRI's European science team.
Alistair Glasse weATC, UK ndiMIRI Instrument Scientist uye Michael Ressler iUS Project Scientist kuJPL.Laszlo Tamas weku UK ATC anotungamira European Union.Kugadzirwa kweMIRI cryocooler kwakatungamirwa nekutungamirirwa neJPL vachibatsirana neNASA's Goddard Space Flight Center muGreenbelt, Maryland, California, neNorthrop Beach Redondorop.