Ndị injinia na-eduzi “nnabata” ngwa James Webb Space Telescope nke etiti infrared na NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center mgbe ha si UK pụọ.
Ndị na-ahụ maka ụgbọ elu JPL Johnny Melendez (n'aka nri) na Joe Mora na-enyocha MIRI cryocooler tupu ebuga ya na Northrop Grumman na Redondo Beach, California. N'ebe ahụ, a na-ejikọta ngwa nju oyi na ahụ nke telescope Webb.
Akụkụ a nke ngwá ọrụ MIRI, nke a na-ahụ na Appleton Laboratory na Rutherford, UK, nwere ihe nchọpụta infrared. The cryocooler dị n'ebe dị anya site na onye nchọpụta n'ihi na ọ na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu. Otu tube na-ebu helium oyi na-ejikọta akụkụ abụọ ahụ.
MIRI (n'aka ekpe) na-anọdụ n'okirikiri nguzozi na Northrop Grumman na Redondo Beach ka ndị injinia na-akwado iji kreenu dị n'elu iji tinye ya na Module Integrated Scientific Instrument Module (ISIM) ISIM bụ isi Webb, ngwá ọrụ sayensị anọ na-etinye telescope.
Tupu ngwá ọrụ MIRI - otu n'ime ngwá ọrụ sayensị anọ dị na ụlọ nyocha - nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ, a ghaghị ime ka ọ dị jụụ ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpomọkụ kachasị oyi nke ihe ahụ nwere ike iru.
NASA James Webb Space Telescope, nke e mere atụmatụ ịmalite na Disemba 24, bụ ụlọ nyocha oghere kachasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ nwekwara ọrụ dị egwu: ịnakọta ìhè infrared site n'akụkụ dị anya nke eluigwe na ala, na-enye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ohere inyocha nhazi na mmalite nke eluigwe na ala .Eluigwe na ala anyị na ọnọdụ anyị na ya.
Ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe - gụnyere kpakpando na mbara ala, na gas na ájá nke ha na-emepụta - na-emepụta ìhè infrared, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ radieshon thermal. Ma otú ahụ ka ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ, dị ka toasters, ụmụ mmadụ, na ngwá electronic. Nke ahụ pụtara na Webb anọ infrared ngwá ọrụ nwere ike ịchọpụta onwe ha infrared ìhè. Iji belata ihe ndị a emissions, ngwá agha ga-adị nnọọ oyi 40 8. Fahrenheit (mwepu 233 degrees Celsius) .Ma iji rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, ndị na-achọpụta n'ime ngwá ọrụ etiti-infrared, ma ọ bụ MIRI, ga-ajụ oyi: n'okpuru 7 Kelvin (mwepu 448 degrees Fahrenheit, ma ọ bụ mwepu 266 degrees Celsius).
Nke ahụ bụ nanị ogo ole na ole n'elu ihe efu zuru oke (0 Kelvin) - okpomọkụ kachasị oyi na-atụ anya ga-ekwe omume, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mgbe a ga-enweta ya n'ihi na ọ na-anọchite anya enweghị okpomọkụ ọ bụla.
Okpomọkụ bụ n'ezie ihe na-egosi ngwa ngwa nke atọm na-agagharị, na mgbakwunye na ịchọta ìhè infrared nke ha, Webb detectors nwere ike ịkpalite site na ụda ọkụ nke ha.MIRI na-achọpụta ìhè na ike dị ala karịa ngwá ọrụ atọ ndị ọzọ. chọpụta.
Mgbe emechara, Webb ga-etinye visor nke ụlọ ikpe tenis nke na-echebe MIRI na ngwá ọrụ ndị ọzọ site na okpomọkụ nke anyanwụ, na-enye ha ohere ka ha dị jụụ. Malite ihe dị ka ụbọchị 77 mgbe mmalite, MIRI's cryocooler ga-ewe ụbọchị 19 iji belata okpomọkụ nke ihe nchọpụta ngwá ọrụ n'okpuru 7 Kelvin.
Konstantin Penanen, onye okachamara cryocooler na NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory na Southern California kwuru, "Ọ dị mfe ime ka ihe dị jụụ ruo na okpomọkụ ahụ n'ụwa, mgbe mgbe maka ngwa sayensị ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe." , nke na-ejikwa ngwá ọrụ MIRI maka NASA. "Ma usoro ndị dị n'ụwa dị oke ibu na ike adịghị arụ ọrụ. Maka onye na-ahụ maka mbara igwe, anyị chọrọ igwe nju oyi nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na ọ ghaghị ịbụ nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya n'ihi na anyị enweghị ike ịpụ apụ ma dozie ya. Ya mere, ndị a bụ ihe ịma aka anyị na-eche ihu.
Otu n'ime ihe mgbaru ọsọ sayensị nke Webb bụ ịmụba njirimara nke kpakpando mbụ ndị kpụrụ na mbara igwe. Igwefoto infrared dị nso nke Webb ma ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ NIRCam ga-enwe ike ịchọpụta ihe ndị a dị oke anya, na MIRI ga-enyere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị aka ikwenye na isi iyi ndị a na-adịghị ike bụ ụyọkọ kpakpando nke ọgbọ mbụ, kama kpakpando nke ọgbọ nke abụọ na-emepụta mgbe e mesịrị na evolushọn galaxy.
Site n'ile anya na uzuzu n'ígwé ojii na ndị thicker karịa nso-infrared ngwá, MIRI ga-ekpughe ebe ọmụmụ nke kpakpando.Ọ ga-achọpụtakwa ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ụwa - dị ka mmiri, carbon dioxide na methane, nakwa dị ka ụmụ irighiri nke nkume mineral dị ka silicates - na jụụ gburugburu gburugburu kpakpando nso, ebe mbara ala nwere ike na-etolite. nso-infrared na gburugburu ebe obibi ndị a na-achọpụta ihe ndị a na-emepụta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ dị ka ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya nke ọma na-achọpụta ihe ndị a na-ahụ maka ikuku. ebe MIRI nwere ike ịhụ ha ka ice.
"Site na ijikọta ọkachamara US na European, anyị emepụtala MIRI dị ka ike nke Webb, nke ga-eme ka ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe si gburugburu ụwa zaa ajụjụ buru ibu banyere otú kpakpando, mbara ala na ụyọkọ kpakpando si etolite ma na-esiwanye," Gillian Wright, onye isi otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị MIRI na European Principal Investigator maka ngwá ọrụ na UK Astronomical Technology Center (UK ATC) kwuru.
MIRI cryocooler na-eji helium gas-ezuru iji mejupụta ihe dị ka balloons nnọkọ itoolu-iji na-ebuga okpomọkụ pụọ na ihe nchọpụta ngwá ọrụ. Igwe ọkụ eletrik abụọ na-agbapụta helium site na tube nke na-agbatị ebe onye na-achọpụta ihe dị. helium jụrụ oyi na-etinye oke okpomọkụ site na ngọngọ ahụ, na-edebe okpomọkụ nke onye nchọpụta na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru 7 Kelvin. gas na-ekpo ọkụ (ma ọ ka na-atụ oyi) na-alaghachi na compressor, ebe ọ na-ekpochapụ oke okpomọkụ, na okirikiri ahụ na-amalite ọzọ.
The ọkpọkọ na-ebu helium na-mere nke gold-plated igwe anaghị agba nchara na ndị na-erughị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke inch (2.5 mm) na diameters.It gbatịrị banyere 30 ụkwụ (10 mita) si Compressor dị na spacecraft ụgbọ ala ebe na MIRI detector na ngwa anya teliskop mmewere dị n'azụ observatory's honeycombTA isi mirror.Hardware na-akpọ a abụọ n'otu n'otu. igba egbe, na DTA na-abịakọrọ, a bit dị ka a piston, iji nyere aka wụnye stowed observatory n'ime nchebe n'elu rọketi. Ozugbo na mbara igwe, ụlọ elu ga-agbatị ikewapụ ụlọ-okpomọkụ ụgbọ ala ụgbọ ala si ngwa nju oyi ngwa anya teliskop ngwá na-ekwe ka sunshade na teliskop ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu deploy.
Nke a animation na-egosi ezigbo ogbugbu nke James Webb Space Telescope ntinye oge awa na ụbọchị mgbe launch.The mgbasawanye nke Central deployable ụlọ elu mgbakọ ga-eme ka anya n'etiti akụkụ abụọ nke MIRI.Ha na-ejikọta ya na helical tubes na mma helium.
Ma usoro elongation na-achọ ka a na-agbatị tube helium na mgbakọ ụlọ elu na-agbasawanye. Ya mere, tube ahụ na-agbanye dị ka mmiri mmiri, nke mere ndị injinia MIRI ji kpọọ akụkụ a nke tube "Slinky".
"E nwere ụfọdụ ihe ịma aka na-arụ ọrụ na usoro nke na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke ihe nyocha," Analyn Schneider, onye njikwa mmemme JPL MIRI kwuru. Mpaghara ndị a dị iche iche na-eduzi ndị otu ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, gụnyere Northrop Grumman na US NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, anyị ga-agwa onye ọ bụla okwu. Ọ dịghị ngwaike ọzọ na teliskop kwesịrị ime nke ahụ, ya mere ọ bụ ihe ịma aka pụrụ iche na MIRI.
The James Webb Space Telescope ga-amalite na 2021 dị ka ụwa Premiya Space Science Observatory.Webb ga-ekpughe ihe omimi nke usoro mbara igwe anyị, na-ele anya na ụwa dị anya gburugburu kpakpando ndị ọzọ, na-enyocha ihe omimi Ọdịdị na mmalite nke eluigwe na ala anyị na ebe anyị.Webb bụ ihe mba ụwa atumatu nke NASA na ndị mmekọ ya ESA (European Space Agency).
E mepụtara MIRI site na mmekorita 50-50 n'etiti NASA na ESA (European Space Agency) .JPL na-eduga mgbalị US maka MIRI, yana otu ụlọ ọrụ multinational nke European astronomical institutes na-enye aka na ESA.George Rieke nke Mahadum Arizona bụ MIRI's US science team leadership.Gillian Wright bụ onye isi nke MIRI's European team team.
Alistair Glasse nke ATC, UK bụ MIRI Instrument Scientist na Michael Ressler bụ US Project Scientist na JPL.Laszlo Tamas nke UK ATC na-agba ọsọ na European Union.The mmepe nke MIRI cryocooler na-edu na jisiri site JPL na mmekorita ya na NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center na Greenbelt, Maryland, na Northropdo Beachman California.