Rob Koltz na Dave Meyer baganira ku miterere ya ferritic (magnetic) na austenitic (non-magnetic) y'ibyuma bitagira icyuma bishongeshejwe.Getty Images
Q: Ndimo gusudira ikigega gikozwe mu byuma 316 bita magnetic, kidakoresha magnetic. Natangiye gusudira ibigega by'amazi nkoresheje insinga za ER316L kandi nasanze ibyo byuma bisudira bifite magnetic. Ese hari icyo nkora kitari cyiza?
A: Nta kintu na kimwe ugomba guhangayikishwa nacyo. Ni ibisanzwe ko imashini zisudira zikozwe na ER316L zikurura magnetism, kandi ni ibisanzwe cyane ko impapuro n'amashuka 316 azinze bidakurura magnetism.
Ibyuma bivanze bibaho mu byiciro bitandukanye bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'urwego rw'ibumba, bivuze ko atome ziri mu cyuma zitondetse mu buryo butandukanye. Ibyiciro bibiri bikunze kugaragara ni austenite na ferrite. Austenite ntabwo ari magnetic mu gihe ferrite ari magnetic.
Mu byuma bisanzwe bya karuboni, austenite ni icyiciro kibaho gusa iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije, kandi uko icyuma gikonja, austenite ihinduka ferrite. Kubwibyo, iyo ubushyuhe bw'icyumba, icyuma cya karuboni kiba gifite imbaraga za rukuruzi.
Ibyuma byinshi bitagira umugese, harimo 304 na 316, byitwa ibyuma bitagira umugese bya austenitike kuko igice cyabyo cyiganjemo austenitike ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Ibi byuma bitagira umugese bikomera bikaba ferrite kandi bigahinduka austenite iyo bikonje. Amasahani n'amabati bya austenitike bigenzurwa no gukonjesha no kuzingurura, ibi bikaba bituma ferrite yose ihinduka austenite.
Hagati mu kinyejana cya 20, byavumbuwe ko iyo urimo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umushongi bya austenitic, kuba hari ferrite mu byuma bitagira umushongi birinda gucikagurika (gucikagurika) bishobora kubaho iyo icyuma gikozwe muri austenitic kidafite umushongi burundu. Kugira ngo hirindwe gucikagurika, ibyuma byinshi bikozwe muri austenitic byagenewe kuba bifite ferrite iri hagati ya 3% na 20%, bityo bikurura magnets. Mu by'ukuri, ibipimo bikoreshwa mu gupima ferrite mu byuma bitagira umushongi bishobora no gupima urwego rw'ikurura magnetism.
316 ifite zimwe mu porogaramu aho kugabanya imiterere ya rukuruzi y'icyuma cyo gusudira ari ingenzi cyane, ariko ibi ntibikunze gukenerwa mu matangi. Ndizera ko ushobora gukomeza gusora nta mpungenge.
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