Rob Koltz ndi Dave Meyer akukambirana za makhalidwe a ferritic (magnetic) ndi austenitic (osati maginito) a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zolumikizidwa. Getty Images
Q: Ndikulumikiza thanki yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316, chomwe sichigwiritsa ntchito maginito. Ndayamba kulumikiza matanki amadzi ndi waya wa ER316L ndipo ndapeza kuti ma weld ndi a maginito. Kodi ndikuchita cholakwika?
A: Mwina mulibe chodetsa nkhawa nacho. Ndizachilendo kuti ma weld opangidwa ndi ER316L akope mphamvu ya maginito, ndipo nthawi zambiri mapepala ndi mapepala okulungidwa 316 sakopa mphamvu ya maginito.
Ma aluminiyamu achitsulo amapezeka m'magawo osiyanasiyana kutengera kutentha ndi mulingo wogwirizanitsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maatomu omwe ali muchitsulocho amakonzedwa mosiyana. Magawo awiri odziwika kwambiri ndi austenite ndi ferrite. Austenite si maginito pomwe ferrite ndi maginito.
Mu chitsulo cha kaboni wamba, austenite ndi gawo lomwe limakhalapo pokhapokha kutentha kwambiri, ndipo chitsulocho chikazizira, austenite imasintha kukhala ferrite. Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwa chipinda, chitsulo cha kaboni chimakhala ndi maginito.
Mitundu ingapo ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kuphatikizapo 304 ndi 316, imatchedwa austenitic stainless steels chifukwa gawo lawo lalikulu ndi austenite kutentha kwa chipinda. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimenezi zimauma kukhala ferrite ndipo zimasanduka austenite zikazizira. Mapepala ndi mapepala achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri a Austenitic amayendetsedwa ndi ntchito zoziziritsa ndi kuzunguliza, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsimikizira kuti ferrite yonse yasinthidwa kukhala austenite.
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, zinapezeka kuti polumikiza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, kupezeka kwa ferrite mu chitsulo chosungunula kumalepheretsa kusweka kwa microcracking komwe kungachitike pamene chitsulo chosungunula chili chosasunthika kwathunthu. Pofuna kupewa kusweka kwa microcracking, zitsulo zambiri zodzaza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic zimapangidwa kuti zikhale ndi 3% mpaka 20% ya ferrite, kotero zimakopa maginito. Ndipotu, ma gauges omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa ferrite mu zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri amathanso kuyeza kuchuluka kwa kukopa kwa maginito.
316 ili ndi ntchito zina zomwe kuchepetsa mphamvu zamaginito za weld ndikofunikira kwambiri, koma izi sizimafunikira kawirikawiri m'matanki. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mutha kupitiliza kusungunula popanda nkhawa.
WELDER, yomwe kale inali Practical Welding Today, ikuwonetsa anthu enieni omwe amapanga zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito komanso zomwe timagwira ntchito nazo tsiku lililonse. Magazini iyi yakhala ikutumikira anthu ogwiritsira ntchito welding ku North America kwa zaka zoposa 20.
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